Stage na II Ciwon Cutar Tsutsa - Definition, Jiyya, da Fassarar
Mataki 2 marasa ciwon huhu na ciwon huhu na mahaifa an bayyana shi a matsayin " ciwon daji ," wato, yana nufin tumɓin da ke cikin ƙwayar cuta kuma yana iya yada zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph , amma bai yada karawa ba. Tumors da suka yada bayan wadannan wurare ana kiranta su "ciwon canjin ci gaba." Kimanin kashi 30 cikin 100 na ciwon huhu na huhu ne aka gano idan sun kasance a mataki na 1 ko 2, kuma abin da ake nunawa (sakamako mai tsawo) ya fi kyau fiye da bayanan cutar.
Yaya aka ƙayyade cewa ciwon huhu na huhu shine mataki na 2 (mataki na II), kuma ta yaya wannan yanayin ciwon ciwon huhu na huhu yake bi?
Bayani
Tabbatar da mataki na ciwon daji na huhu yana da mahimmanci a zabi mafi dacewa.
Sashe na II ya kasu kashi biyu na IIA da IIB. Sashe IIA da IIB an raba su zuwa kashi biyu bisa girman girman ƙwayar, inda aka samo ciwon sukari, kuma ko akwai ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph.
Stage IIA
(1) Ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a gefe guda na kirji kamar ƙwayar cuta. Lodes lymph tare da ciwon daji suna cikin cikin huhu ko kusa da bronchus , kuma daya ko fiye daga cikin wadannan gaskiya ne:
- Kwayar ba ta da girma fiye da centimeters.
- Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa babban mashutus kuma yana da akalla 2 centimeters a ƙasa inda trachea ya haɗa da bronchus.
- Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa cikin murfin ciki na membrane wanda yake rufe cikin huhu.
- Wani ɓangare na huhu ya rushe ko ya ci gaba da ciwon huhu (ƙumburi na huhu) a yankin inda trachea ya haɗa da bronchus amma ba ya haɗa da huhu.
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(2) Ciwon daji ba ya yadawa zuwa takalmin lymph kuma daya ko fiye daga cikin wadannan masu gaskiya ne:
- Tumar ya fi girma fiye da 5 centimeters amma bai fi girma ba fiye da 7 centimeters.
- Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa babban mashutus kuma yana da akalla 2 centimeters a ƙasa inda trachea ya haɗa da bronchus.
- Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa cikin murfin ciki na membrane wanda yake rufe cikin huhu.
- Wani ɓangare na huhu ya rushe ko ya ci gaba da ciwon huhu (ƙumburi na huhu) a yankin inda trachea ya haɗa da bronchus amma ba ya ƙunshi dukan kwayar fata; da kuma
Stage IIB
(1) Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph a gefe guda na kirji kamar ƙwayar. Lodes lymph tare da ciwon daji suna cikin cikin huhu ko kusa da bronchus. Har ila yau, daya ko fiye daga cikin wadannan gaskiya ne:
- Tumar ya fi girma fiye da 5 centimeters amma bai fi girma ba fiye da 7 centimeters.
- Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa babban mashutus kuma yana da akalla 2 centimeters a ƙasa da yankin inda trachea ya haɗa da bronchus.
- Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa cikin murfin ciki na membrane wanda yake rufe cikin huhu.
- Wani ɓangare na huhu ya rushe ( atelectasis ) ko kuma ci gaba da cutar pneumonitis (ƙurar huhu) a yankin inda trachea ya haɗa da bronchus.
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(2) Ciwon daji ba ya yadawa zuwa takalmin lymph kuma daya ko fiye daga cikin wadannan masu gaskiya ne:
- Tumar yana da girma fiye da 7 centimeters.
- Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa babban mashutus (kuma yana da ƙasa da 2 centimeters kusa da shafin inda trachea ya haɗa da bronchus amma ba ya ƙunshi sashin jeri), murfin katako, diaphragm, ko jijiyar da ke sarrafa diaphragm.
- Ciwon daji ya yada ga membrane a kusa da zuciya ( pericardium ) ko kuma rufe murfin katako.
- Akwai guda ɗaya ko fiye da ciwon sukari guda daya a cikin wannan nau'i na huhu.
Tsarin
Masanan ilimin halitta sunyi magana game da matakai na ciwon daji na huhu kamar yadda ake kira tsarin TNM . A cikin wannan tsarin, T yana nufin girman ƙwayar cutar, N tana nufin haɗawa da duk wani ƙwayar lymph nodes da inda suke, kuma M yana nuna idan akwai wasu metastases , wato, yaduwa daga ciwon sukari zuwa wasu yankuna na jiki . Amfani da tsarin TNM, ciwon daji na 2 ciwon huhu ya bayyana kamar:
- 2A - T1A / 1BN1M0 - Ma'ana ƙwarar ta kasa da 3 cm (1 ½ inci) a cikin girman, kuma ya yada zuwa ga ramukan lymph a kusa.
- 2A - T2AN1M0 - Tsari ya fi girma fiye da 3 cm, amma ƙasa da 5 cm, a cikin girman, ko ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ƙananan mashusa kuma yana da akalla 2 cm a kasa da motar, ko ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ga rufin huhu; kuma ya yada zuwa ƙananan hanyoyi na lymph.
- 2B - T2N1M0 - Ciwon sukari ya fi 3 cm, amma kasa da 7 cm, a cikin girman, kuma ya yada zuwa ƙananan hanyoyi na lymph.
- 2B -T3N0M0 - Ciwon ya fi girma da mita 7 a cikin girman kuma bai yada zuwa ƙananan ƙwayar lymph ba, amma yana cikin filin jirgin sama ko ya yada zuwa yankunan gida kamar bangon katako ko diaphragm.
Farfesa na kwayoyin halitta
Ɗaya daga cikin ci gaban da aka samu a kwanan nan a cikin maganin cutar kanjamau ya sami ikon magance wasu cututtukan ta hanyar "ƙaddamar" maye gurbin a cikin ƙwayar cuta. Tare da nuna ƙwayar cutar bisa girman da kuma yadda yaduwar ta yada, masana masu ilimin halitta suna amfani da gwajin kwayoyin (maganin kwayoyin) don ciwon huhu na huhu don kara "ganewa" da ganewar asali. Har ya zuwa kwanan nan, an tanadar da gwaje-gwajen ne kawai ga mutanen da suka kamu da cutar, amma tare da cigaba da magani, akwai yiwuwar wadanda ke fama da cutar 2, musamman ma wadanda ke fama da ƙwayar cutar huhu , wannan gwaji zai zama na yau da kullum.
Cutar cututtuka
Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka na cutar ciwon huhu 2 shine tsohuwar tari , jinin jini (hemoptysis), rashin ƙarfi na numfashi , ciwo a cikin kirji ko baya , ko kuma maimaita ciwo irin su ciwon huhu ko mashako. Tun lokacin da cutar kututtuka 2 ba ta hadu ba (yada) fiye da huhu, bayyanar cututtuka irin su rashin asarar rashin nauyi da gajiya ba su da mahimmanci fiye da matakan ci gaba.
Jiyya
Hanyoyin magani don ciwon daji na ciwon huhu 2 mafi sau da yawa sun hada da haɗuwa da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Tiyata: Tiyata shi ne lura da zabi don ciwon daji na 2 ciwon huhu, yana ba da damar samun magani a wannan mataki na cutar. Akwai nau'i na uku na ciwon daji na huhu wanda aka yi don ciwon daji na huhu, da kuma zabar hanyar da ta fi dacewa ya dogara da inda tarinka yake da kuma lafiyar lafiyarka. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan wani nau'in tiyata wanda ake kira video-assisted thoracoscopic tiyata (VATS) ya zama samuwa. Da wannan fasaha, za'a iya cire wani ɓangare na ƙwayar ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin a cikin katako. Zai iya zama mai hikima a yi la'akari da ra'ayi na biyu lokacin da za a yanke shawara kan tiyata a kan ciwon huhu . Nazarin ya nuna cewa mutanen da suke da wadannan hanyoyin da aka yi a asibitoci wadanda ke yin babban magungunan wadannan magunguna suna da kyakkyawan sakamako.
- Chemotherapy: Mafi yawan masu ilimin likita sun bada shawarar adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy bayan tiyata) ga waɗanda ke shan tiyata don mataki na 2 ciwon huhu na huhu. Sanarwar da irin wannan chemotherapy shine "tsaftace" duk wani kwayar cutar ciwon daji wanda zai iya yadawa fiye da huhu (metastasized) amma ba'a iya gani a duk wani gwajin hoto ba. Dangane da wurin da tumburarku ke ciki, wasu masu binciken ilimin likita zasu iya zama neoadjuvant chemotherapy-chemotherapy da aka ba kafin a tiyata don rage girman ƙwayar cuta da kuma cire sauƙin ƙwayar.
- Magungunan Radiation ga Tumatir Tumatir: Magungunan radiation ba sau da yawa ana amfani dasu tare da ciwon sikila 2 na ciwon huhu amma yana da wani zaɓi ga wadanda basu iya yin tiyata ba saboda inda cutar ta kasance ko kuma lafiyar lafiyar lafiyar jiki. A wannan wuri, radiation na iya haifar da magani a wasu lokuta. Wasu fasahohi irin su maganin farfajiyar proton suna kimantawa ne don cutar 2.
Gwaji na Clinical
A cewar Cibiyar Cancer ta Cibiyar Cancer, mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu ya kamata suyi la'akari da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti . Mutane da yawa sun cigaba da magance ciwon daji a cikin mahaifa, kuma a lokacin shekarun tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2015, akwai wasu sababbin magunguna da aka amince da cutar ciwon huhu a cikin shekaru 40 kafin 2011.
Yawancin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje suna ci gaba don ciwo na ciwon huhu 2 da ke duba ƙananan hanyoyi, hanyoyin sabon hanyoyin radiation, da kuma sababbin jiyya kamar maganin cutar da immunotherapy domin wannan mataki na cutar.
Rashin haduwa
Kwanan yawan juyawa (ko dai a gida ko a wasu yankuna na jiki) don ciwon huhu na huhu (mataki 1 da mataki 2) yana tsakanin 20 zuwa 50 bisa dari. Idan ciwon daji ya ci gaba, ana samun ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don magani. Wadannan zasu iya haɗa da radiation tare da ko ba tare da chemotherapy ba, ko daya daga cikin sababbin hanyoyin da aka tsara ko magungunan immunotherapy da aka kimantawa a gwaji da yawa. Ƙara koyo game da ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu .
Taruwar Survival
Kusan yawan shekaru 5 na rayuwa shine kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari na mataki na 2 da ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar ba. A cikin yanayin mutum, wannan lambobi na iya canzawa sau da yawa , dangane da lafiyar ku da lafiyar ku. Ka tuna cewa kididdigar game da rayuwa suna sau da yawa shekaru da yawa, kuma sababbin jiyya da aka amince da su bazai samu ba idan an rubuta waɗannan lambobin.
Ciyarwa
Nazarin ya nuna cewa sanin game da cutarka zai iya inganta sakamakonka. Tambayi tambayoyi. Koyi game da gwaji na gwaji wanda zai dace maka. Idan kun kasance sabon ƙwararren ciwon huhu tare da cutar ciwon huhu , ɗauki lokaci don numfashi kuma ku yi tunani a hankali game da halinku na yanzu. Mafi yawancin maganganu da ciwon huhu na huhu ba gaggawa ba ne, kuma zaka iya ɗaukar lokaci kadan don cikakken nazarin matakai na gaba.
A wasu hanyoyi, za ku iya jin kamar ku rasa rayukan rayuwan ku, amma akwai wasu abubuwa da za ku iya yi da kanku har ma inganta rayuwarku tare da ciwon huhu na huhu.
Rayuwa tare da ciwon daji zai iya daukar ƙauyen. Izinin mutane su taimake ku. Wannan ba lokaci bane don zama "mai karfi," kuma ciwon daji zai iya zama da ƙyama ko da taimakon. Idan abokinka wanda aka gano da ciwon daji, duba wannan labarin, " Lokacin da mai ƙaunataccen ciwon huhu ya jiji " .
Ko da kuna da goyon bayan ƙauna na iyali da abokai, yin rayuwa tare da ciwon daji zai iya kasancewa kwarewa marar kyau. Dubi cikin ƙungiyoyi masu tallafi a cikin al'umma da kuma layi . Akwai gagarumar ciwon daji a cikin mahaifa a yanar gizo inda mutane da yawa da ke fama da ciwon huhu na ciwon huhu suna samun goyon baya, yayin da suke koya game da ci gaba da ciwon daji a cikin huhu.
Sources:
Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka. Cancer Facts da Figures 2014 . Atlanta: Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka; 2014. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/webcontent/acspc-042151.pdf
Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka. Ciwon daji na huhu (ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta) Updated 02/08/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-survival-rates
Cibiyar hadin gwiwa ta Amirka kan cutar kanjamau. Lung Cancer Tsarin. Edition 7th. Samun shiga 01/13/16. https://cancerstaging.org/references-tools/quickreferences/Documents/LungMedium.pdf
Edge, S. et al (Eds.). AJCC Canjin Tsarin Kwayar Cancer. Edition 7th. Springer. New York, NY. 2010.
Hotta, K. et al. Matsayi na adjuvant chemotherapy a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ciwon daji marasa ciwon ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu: samfuri tare da ƙaddamarwa na gwajin gwajin gwagwarmaya. Journal of Clinical Oncology . 2004. 22 (19): 3850-7.
Kelsey, C. et al. Sauyewa na gida bayan ƙaddamarwar farko na NSCLC: Saukewa yana yiwuwa tare da maganin radiation. Ciwon daji . 2006. 12 (4): 283-8.