Yin aiki yana da mahimmanci dalilin wannan rushewar rugu
Atelectasis wani lokaci ne na likita wanda aka yi amfani dashi don bayyana cikakkiyar lalacewa daga cikin huhu. A wasu lokuta ana kiranta shi "tsohuwar huhu," ko da yake ana iya amfani da wannan kalma a yanayin da ake kira pneumothorax .
A lokacin da ake cin ganyayyaki, iska mai tsabta ba zai iya isa matakan ƙwayoyin huhu ba, wanda ake kira alveoli , inda oxygen da carbon dioxide suke musayar.
Wannan yana haifar da ƙananan matakan oxygen da aka kai ga gabobin da kyallen jikin mutum ( hypoxia ).
Hanyoyin na iya zama m, yana faruwa ba zato ba tsammani a kan lamarin minti, ko na yau da kullum, yana tasowa a tsawon kwanakin zuwa makonni.
Dalilin Atelectasis
Akwai shafuka hudu na masu cin gashin ciwon daji: hawan iska, dakatarwar iska, damuwa na iska, da adhesions.
- Maganin kamuwa da jiki (numfashi a cikin raunin haɗari) yana da mahimmanci lokacin aikin tiyata, musamman tare da maganin rigakafi, ko kuma lokacin da aka sanya mutum a kan wani respirator. Halin motsin jiki marar sauƙi yana hana iska daga yin amfani da alveoli, yana sa jigilar iska ta yi watsi da rushewa. Magunguna shine mafi yawan abin ci na atelectasis, musamman bayan tiyata.
- Ana iya haifar da haɗin jirgin sama a yayin da wani abu ya kulle wani sashi ko dai cikin cikin huhu (kamar ƙuƙwalwa ko abu na waje) ko a waje da huhu (kamar ƙwayar da ke motsawa a filin jirgin sama) kuma yana haifar da ƙyama). Gwacinoma na Bronchioloalveolar wani nau'i ne na ciwon daji wanda aka sani yana haifar da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta a cikin alveoli da kuma wuraren da ke da alaƙa.
- Hakan yakan haifar da matsa lamba ta Airway ta hanyar gina ruwa a cikin sararin da ke kewaye da huhu. Hakanan zai iya haifar da zuciya mai girma, anerysm, tumatir, ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph, ko haɗuwa da ruwaye a cikin rami na ciki ( ascites ).
- Adhesions shi ne yanayin rashin haɗari inda takalma suke farawa tare. Kullum al'ada da kuma gabobin jiki suna da m, saboda haka suna iya motsawa sauƙi kamar yadda jiki ke motsawa. An kira abu mai laushi surfactant. Lokacin da mai tayar da hankali ya ɓace, ƙwaƙwalwar zazzaɓi tana farfado da tashin hankali kuma zai iya faduwa.
Wasu dalilai da ke taimakawa wajen cin abinci sun hada da ƙanshi, shan taba, kwanciya da kwanciyar hankali mai zurfi, raunuka (wanda zai iya haifar da numfashi mai zurfi), narcotics ko sedatives (wanda zai iya rage jinkirin), da kuma ciwo na nakasa (RDS) a cikin jarirai.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na Atelectasis
Atelectasis sau da yawa yana da ƙananan alamu idan ya tasowa sannu a hankali ko ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar. A wata hanya, idan yanayin ya bunƙasa ko ya rinjaye wani ɓangaren da ya fi girma, bayyanar cututtuka na iya zama mai ban mamaki kuma har ma ya kai ga girgiza. Atelectasis yawanci yana faruwa bilantaka, ma'ana a ko dai ɗaya daga cikin huhu ko sauran.
Common bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da:
- Rawancin numfashi ( dyspnea )
- A hacking, ba haifuwa tari
- Abin zafi mai zafi mai tsanani wanda yake kara da numfashi mai zurfi ( ciwon zuciya )
- Tinge mai laushi ga lebe, yatsunsa, ko yatsunsu wanda lalacewar rashin oxygen ( cyanosis )
Sanin asali na Atelectasis
Idan likitanku suna jin cewa kuna da abinci, za su yi nazari ta jiki ta hanyar yin amfani da su (percussing) akwatin don sauraron sauti. Idan akwai rushewa na ruguwa ko cikakke, numfashin motsa jiki zai kasance shiru ko marar kuskure.
Bayan haka, likita zai umarci wasu bincike wanda zasu hada da:
- X-ray na Chest , wanda zai iya bayyana cewa yanayin aiki da zuciya sun canza matsayi
- Ƙididdigar da aka ƙididdiga (CT scan) don bincika bayanan gani na obstruction
- Girman hoto na Magnetic (MRI), ta yin amfani da raƙuman ruwa mai haɗari don samar da hotuna
- Bronchoscopy , wata hanya mai sauƙi da aka saka cikin iska don duba lambobin huhu
- Gudun jini (oximetry) don kimanta matakin oxygen rasa
- Positron-watsar tomography (PET scan), wanda zai iya tabo hyperactive cell metabolism kamar yadda zai iya faruwa tare da ciwon daji
Zaɓuɓɓukan Zaɓuɓɓuka don Atelectasis
Jiyya na atelectasis ya dogara da mahimmancin dalilin, tare da manufar sake fadada kututtukan jikinsa kamar yadda ya dace. Hanyoyin na iya bambanta. Idan ƙwayar cutar ita ce dalilin lalacewar, tiyata zai iya shiga.
Don ƙarancin sararin samaniya, ana iya buƙatar magudi na ɗakin ɗakin. Don ƙuntatawa na ciki, ana iya amfani da ƙwayar jikin jiki don cire wani abu na waje, yayin da magunguna na iya taimakawa wajen buɗe wuraren hawan iska. A mafi yawan lokuta, za'a haɗu da haɗuwa da hanyoyin maganin warkewa.
Lokacin da aka bayyana alamar cututtuka, za'a iya amfani da matsalolin ƙarewa na ƙarshe (PEEP). Wannan magani ne wanda aka ba da cakuda iskar oxygen ta mask a ƙarƙashin matsin, yana hana ƙwayar jiki daga rushewa gaba daya a lokacin exhalation. Idan bayyanar cututtuka na da tsanani, intubation da samun iska za a iya buƙata har sai yanayin da ke ciki ya cika.
Lokacin da mai cin abinci yana ciwo, yana da wuyar samun laka don sake fadadawa. Ana cire alamar lalacewar sashi na huhu (ta hanyar lobectomy ko sashi na sashi ).
Rarraba na iya haifar da lokacin da kwayoyin ke kama su a cikin ɓangaren. Wannan zai haifar da ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta, ciki har da ciwon huhu da kuma sepsis. Bronchiectasis , ƙananan hanyoyi na hanyoyi da ke haifar da ruwa a cikin huhu, yana iya faruwa a wasu lokuta. Lokacin da waɗannan abubuwa ke fama da babban ɓangaren huhu, nakasawar rashin ƙarfi zai iya haifar.
Tsarin Harshen Bayanai Bayan Yin Hoto
Tarkon tiyata yana kasancewa mafi yawan abincin atelectasis. Don hana shi daga faruwa bayan wani aiki mai mahimmanci, likitoci za su ba da shawarar ka daina dakatar da taba taba da farko.
Bayan aikin tiyata, akwai abubuwa uku da ya kamata ka yi don tabbatar da cewa jaririnka ya cika sosai:
- Yi ayyukan motsa jiki mai zurfi, mai da hankali kan dogon inhales da farfadowa masu sarrafawa. Za a iya wajabta magani magunguna idan numfashi yana da wuya.
- Yi ƙoƙarin tari don share duk wani ƙuri'a ko sputum daga huhu.
- Canja matsayinka, zaune sama ko motsi kusa da yadda likitan ka yale.
> Sources:
> Ferrando, C., Romaro, C., Tusman, G. et al. "Tabbatacce na Ayyukan Baje Kolin Kwaskwarima, Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa don Tattaunawa Atelectasis a Kwararru Masu Lafiya Bayan Yin Jima'i: Wani Mai yiwuwa, Nazarin Pilot Nazarin." BMJ Open . 2017 '7 (5): e015560.
> Restrepo, R., da kuma Braverman, J. "Matsalolin da ke faruwa a yanzu a cikin Jagora, Rigakafin, da kuma Kula da Harkokin Kasuwancin Gudanar da Lafiya". Binciken Ƙwararrun Kwayoyin Cutar . 2015; 9 (1): 97-102.