Masana kimiyya sun fi kusa da hanyoyin da suka dade don maganin HIV, PrEP
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan maƙasudin maganin kwayoyin cutar HIV shine babban matakin da ake bukata don cimma burin maganin asibiti . Ga wasu, aikin yau da kullum na shan magungunan maganin rigakafi zai iya zama mummunar, musamman ma yayin da yake tare da al'amurran tunani ko aiki wanda zai iya tasiri rayuka-da kuma biye- daga mutane da ke dauke da cutar HIV.
Abin mamaki ne wadannan batutuwa da cewa, a Amurka a yau, fiye da kashi 20 cikin dari na mutanen da ke kan maganin rigakafi sun sami damar kula da kayan kyamarar hoto , ma'auni don samun nasarar jiyya.
A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sun fara fara gano magunguna, da magungunan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda zai iya ba da izinin yin amfani da kwayar cutar ta kowane lokaci-ko ma a kowace shekara, ko dai don magance cutar HIV ko kuma hana shi.
Magunguna masu bincike na tsawon lokaci
A shekara ta 2013, an gabatar da wasu jami'o'i biyu masu tayar da hankali a lokacin taro na 7 a shekara ta 7 na taron kula da cutar kanjamau (IAS) a Kuala Lumpur. An yi amfani da kwayoyin bincike ne a matsayin ƙananan hanzari, wanda a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin magani ne aka dakatar da su a cikin ruwa, don ba da jinkirin kwantar da magani a cikin tsarin.
Na farko, cabotegravir (wanda aka sani da suna GSK1265744) yana da nau'i na kwayoyi da ake kira masu haɓaka masu haɗuwa , wanda ke rufe wani enzyme da ake kira hadewa cewa HIV yana buƙatar ninka. Na biyu, TMC278-LA , wani tsari ne mai tsawo na miyagun kwayoyi (ripilvirine) a halin yanzu ana amfani dashi a cikin cutar HIV.
Yawancin gwaji na gwaji na gwaji na II ya nuna cewa ana amfani da cabotegravir wanda aka ba da shi a cikin shekaru 21 zuwa 50 (idan aka kwatanta da sa'o'i 40 bayan guda daya). Irin wannan binciken ya nuna cewa magunguna sun tabbatar da ci gaba da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ƙwayoyin gyare-gyare da na kwaskwarima, suna nuna cewa za a iya gudanar da shi azaman tasiri, mahimmancin aiki na prophylaxis kafin gabatarwa (PrEP) .
Ta hanyar kwatanta, wani binciken na Phase na ya nuna cewa TMC278-LA ya iya kula da ƙwayar magungunan ƙwayar cutar ciwon ƙwayoyi daga makon 12 zuwa 26. Magungunan magunguna sun nuna alƙawari a matsayin PrEP, tare da ƙarin karfi da aka gani a cikin gyaran gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare idan aka kwatanta da nau'in ƙwayar jiki.
An gudanar da bincike tare da manufar fadada bincike akan gwaje-gwajen Phase II da III.
Subdermal Antiretroviral Implants
Masana kimiyya a Cibiyar Kimiyya na Oak Crest a Pasadena, California sun bada rahoton bunkasa fasalin da ya dace wanda zai iya samar da ci gaba mai mahimmanci na magungunan maganin rigakafi lokacin da aka kafa a karkashin fata.
Haka zane a cikin zane-zane don aiwatar da maganin rigakafi mai tsawo, an nuna na'urar a farkon bincike don iya iya sarrafawa, da aka saki magani na 10ofovir alafenamide (TAF) har zuwa kwanaki 40.
[Ba kamar misofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), wanda ake sayar da ita a Viread kuma yana dauke da kwayoyi Truvada da Atripla , TAF an dauke shi da kwayar da ta fi dacewa ta isa maganin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi mafi kyau fiye da TDF.]
Yayinda bincike yake mayar da hankali a kan na'urar don PrEP, an nuna cewa za a iya amfani da wasu jami'in dogon lokaci don samar da hanyoyin maganin rigakafi (cART) ga mutanen dake zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV.
Binciken gaba na gaba yana buƙatar bude ƙofar don ci gaban implants wanda zai iya wuce har zuwa shekara ko fiye.
Abokin ƙira na Microbicidal Intravaginal
Masana kimiyya sunyi kokari don samarwa mata masu hadari ga hanyar kare kansu daga cutar HIV, musamman ma a yankunan da karfin jima'i na mace yake. Da dama daga cikin hanyoyin, ko dai ta hanyar PREP ko maganin magunguna , sun yi nasara a cikin bincike saboda rashin daidaituwa da magungunan maganin likitanci a cikin kwakwalwa , ko da a cikin mata da matakan da suka dace.
Don magance waɗannan ƙwaƙwalwar, wasu ƙungiyoyin bincike suna nazarin yin amfani da zobe na intravaginal wanda zai iya sakin suturar rigakafi don har zuwa wata daya a lokaci.
Ƙarƙiri, ƙazantaccen elastomer scaffold wanda aka sanya tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi, zai ba da damar mace ta sa na'urar ta ganuwa don tsawon lokacin amfani.
Sakamakon farko sun nuna juriya na ɓarna na ciki wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar dapivirine (TMC120 ) tare da rarraba miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa ƙananan sashin jiki na tsawon kwanaki 33.
Kwararrun sau biyu na gwajin Phase III, Binciken Ring da ASPIRE, sunyi aiki don kimanta lafiyar zobe da kuma ingantaccen kare lafiyarta a tsakanin ƙungiyar 'yan mata 4,500 masu cutar HIV.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). "CDC Fact Sheet | HIV a Amurka: Sashen Kulawa." Atlanta, Jojiya; aka buga Yuli 2012.
Spreen, W; Margolis, D .; da Pottage, J. "Ayyukan antiretrovirals masu tsai da sauri don maganin cutar HIV da rigakafi." Rahotanni na yanzu akan HIV da AIDS. Nuwamba 2013; 8 (6): 565-571.
Margolis, D .; Brinson, C; Eron, J. et al. "744 da rilpivirine a matsayin magungunan maganin maganin maganin maganin miyagun kwayoyi biyu: LAI116482 (LATTE) makon 48 sakamakon." Taron 21 kan Magunguna da Hanyoyin Ciki (CROI 2014); Boston, Massachusetts; Maris 3-6, 2014; m 91LB.
Gunawardana, M .; Remedios-Chan, M .; Miller, C .; et al. "Ma'aikatan Magunguna na Tenofovir Alafenamide (GS-7340) Subdermal Implant for HIV Prophylaxis." Antimicrobial Agents da Chemotherarpy. Afrilu 20, 2015; Doi: 10.1128 / AAC.00656-15.
Nel, A; Smythe, S .; Young, K .; et al. "Tsaro da maganin magungunan magani na samar da dapivirine daga matrix da tafki na ciki na ciki zuwa mata masu cutar HIV." Journal of Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2009; 51 (4): 416-423.