Akwai kwayoyi da ake amfani da su wajen maganin cutar HIV wanda zai iya ƙara yawan ƙwayar cutar plasma na wasu magungunan antiretroviral (ARVs) idan aka yi amfani da su a hade. Mafi mahimmanci da ake kira "boosters," kwayoyi sun sa likitoci su rage sashi da kuma mota na ARV mai ba da taimako yayin da suke rage yiwuwar sakamako masu illa da kwayoyi.
Har ila yau, masu kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV, wanda aka fi sani da magungunan pharmacokinetic, bazai damu da bitamin ko karin kayan kasuwa ba a matsayin "masu tallafawa na rigakafi," wanda ba su da wani abu da aka sani don kare ko cutar HIV.
Gabatarwar Boosters na HIV
Lokacin da aka gano magungunan protease HIV (PIs) a tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin masu bincike shi ne saurin sauri wanda kwayoyin sun haɗu a cikin hanta kuma suka yadu daga jini. A sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar PIs sau biyu- zuwa sau uku a kowace rana. Ba wai kawai abubuwan da ake amfani da su ba sun kara yawan haɗarin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, nauyin hawan pill ɗin ya sa ya zama mafi wuya (da kuma ci gaba da juriya gaba daya).
A shekara ta 1996, an yarda da miyagun ƙwayoyi Norvir (ritonavir) don amfani da kwayar cutar ta HIV da Cibiyar Abinci da Harkokin Kiyaye ta Amurka (FDA). Yayin da aka sani cewa an yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don samun kayan ado, an gano ba da daɗewa ba, ko da a cikin ƙananan zazzabi, zai iya hana ainihin enzyme (CYP3A4) da ake buƙata don magance PIs.
Sakamakon binciken nan da nan ya shafi hanyar da aka tsara PIs. A yau, ba a yi amfani da Norvir ba saboda irin aikin da aka yi masa, amma don kara yawan kwarewa na PIs, yayin da rage yawan illa da ke tattare da farfadowa.
Magungunan magungunan magunguna ne magungunta na PI, Kaletra (lopinavir + ritonavir).
(Ka lura - Norvir na iya tsoma baki tare da ƙwayar plasma na sauran kwayoyi da za ka iya ɗauka, wani lokacin kuma yana haifar da mummunar haɗuwa da haɗari. Don Allah a ba da shawara ga likitanka game da dukkanin magungunan da kake amfani dashi idan an rubuta Norvir ko Kaletra.)
Future of HIV Boosters
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an mayar da hankali sosai ga ci gaba da sauran masu bunkasa cutar ta HIV. Ana iya ganin cewa kamfanoni masu kama da juna ba zasu kara ƙarfin gwaninta kawai ba, amma suna yin haka don wasu nau'o'in ARV-wanda ke iya ɗaukar juna ɗaya, sau ɗaya a kowace rana, yayin da yafe "gafara" ya kamata a rasa asusu ko raguwa a farfadowa faruwa.
A shekara ta 2012, shekaru 16 da suka wuce bayan gabatarwa da Norvir, FDA ta amince da ita na biyu. Magunguna (cobicistat) , wani ɓangaren maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin tumatir Stribild (elvitegravir + cobicistat + tenofovir + emtricitabine) , an nuna shi ya hana dukkanin sunadaran CYP3A4 da wasu sunadarin sunadaran da aka sani da su tsoma baki tare da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Duk da yake ba shi da wani kariya na antiviral na kansa, Tybost yana iya ƙara yawan kwarewar elvitegravir, mai maganin kwayar cutar HIV, yayin da yake samun sakamako irin wannan tare da PIs Reyataz (atazanavir) da Prezista (darunavir) da kuma ma'anar nucleotide Viread (tenofovir).
A farkon shekarar 2015, FDA ta amince da maganin kwayoyi guda biyu da suka hada da Evotaz (atazanvir + cobicistat) da Prezcobix (darunavir + cobicistat) .
Wasu masu boosters na gwaji suna binciken, ciki har da wani mawallafin CYP3A4 wanda Sequoia Pharmaceuticals ke ci gaba.
Sources:
Cibiyar Alka'antu ta Duniya da Kwayoyin cuta (NIAID). "Sabbin sababbin protehibitors protease sun amince da FDA. Abinci da Drug Administration. " NAIAID AIDS Agenda. Bethesda, Maryland; Maris 1996; 4-5.
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "FDA ta amince da sabon nau'in kwayar cutar HIV don wasu marasa lafiya." Silver Spring, Maryland; sakin watsa labarai ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2012.
Gallant, J. Koenig, E; Andrade-Villanueva, J; et al. "Rikicin da ya shafi Ritonavir a matsayin Pharmacoenhancer na Atazanavir Plus Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate a Jiyya-Mutuwar kwayar cuta ta HIV 1-Masu cutar ciwon: Week 48 Sakamako." Journal of Diseases Diseases. Yuli 1, 2013, 208 (1): 32-39 .
Bristol-Myers Squibb. "Evotaz (Atazanvir + cobicistat) - BABI NA BAYANAI." New York, New York.
Bristol-Myers Squibb. "PREZCOBIX - BAYAN GABATARWA." New York, New York.