Duk da shirye-shiryen maganin mafi girma a duniya, ƙananan cututtuka sun karu
Babu wani wuri a duniya da cutar ta AIDS ta kasance mafi banƙyama fiye da nahiyar Afirka. Ga Afirka ta Kudu, rikice-rikicen siyasa da kuma tarihin yakin da gwamnati ta dade ya haifar da annobar da ta kai mummunar haɓaka ta ƙarshen shekarun 1990 da farkon 2000.
Ko da a yau, koda yake karbar mutuwar mutuwa da kuma jagoranci mafi girma a kan yaki da cutar kanjamau, yawan sababbin cututtuka na HIV ya ci gaba da karuwa a shekara.
A sakamakon haka, Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance kasar da yawanci yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a duniya.
Ƙididdigar Afirka ta Kudu
Ya kasance a kudancin-mafi girma na nahiyar Afirka, Afirka ta Kudu na da yawan mutane kimanin 48 (kusan kashi shida cikin 100 na Amurka) ya yadu fiye da mil miliyan 1.2 (kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin hudu na girman Texas.
Ƙasar tana da harsuna guda goma sha ɗaya, ciki har da Turanci, tare da mutane 79% baki da 10%.
Rikicin HIV a Afirka ta Kudu
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa mutane miliyan 5.7 ne ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV, kimanin kashi 12 cikin dari na yawan jama'a (ko kusan mutum takwas). Ƙarin bayani yana kamar haka.
- Yau da kwayar cutar ta HIV ta kasance a cikin tsofaffi ya kasance a yau fiye da 18% (ko fiye da daya cikin mutane biyar).
- Ɗaya daga cikin mutane hudu masu shekaru 15 zuwa 49 yana da alaka da cutar HIV.
- 45% na duk mutuwar a kasar za a iya danganta su ga HIV.
- 13% na marasa lafiya na Afirka ta Kudu suna fama da kwayar cutar HIV a kashi 0.3% na fata na kudu maso yammacin Afirka.
- An kiyasta cewa akwai yara 600,000 da ke marayu saboda sakamakon cutar AIDS.
Tarihin HIV a Afrika ta Kudu
Sakamakon cutar ta HIV ya haifar a Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1982. Duk da haka, yayin da kasar ke tsakiyar rikice-rikice na wariyar launin fata, matsalar cutar ta HIV ita ce mafi yawan abin da aka ƙi.
A hankali, yayin da rikici na siyasa ya mamaye kafofin yada labarai, kwayar cutar ta HIV ta fara kama, a cikin mazaunin gay da al'ummar baki.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, kodayake yawan kwayoyin cutar HIV ya karu da kashi 60 cikin dari, gwamnati bata jinkirin amsawa ga abin da ya zama bala'i na lafiyar jama'a. A shekarun 1990 ne Shugaban kasar Nelson Mandela ya amince da cewa gwamnatinsa ta mayar da martani ga rikicin, wanda lokaci ya zama Afirka ta Kudu ta zama mafi yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a duniya.
A shekara ta 2000, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Afirka ta Kudu ta bayyana shirin shekaru biyar na HIV / AIDs amma bai samu goyon baya daga shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu Thabo Mbeki ba. Bayan ya shawarci wani rukuni na masu musun cutar kanjamau wanda Dokta Peter Duesberg ya jagoranci, Mbeki ya ki amincewa da ilimin kwayar cutar kanjamau, amma ya yi zargin cewa cutar AIDS ta haifar da talauci, mulkin mallaka, da kuma rukuni na kamfanoni.
Idan ba tare da tallafin gwamnati ba, shirin shekaru biyar ba ya tashi daga ƙasa kamar yadda aka tsara, tare da 'yan nunawa don karɓar kyautar maganin rigakafi kyauta. A halin yanzu, cutar HIV a tsakanin mata masu kudancin Afirka ta kudu sun karu daga kashi takwas cikin goma na 1% a shekarar 1990 zuwa fiye da 30% a 2000.
Sai kawai tare da cire Mbeki daga ofishin a shekarar 2008 cewa gwamnati ta dauki matakai don magance wannan mummunar cuta, ta yunkurin kokarin zama abin da yafi yawan kwayoyin cutar HIV a duniya.
Duk da haka, yawan matsalolin da ake fuskanta don kara fadada aikin watsa labarai ya raunana ta hanyar ci gaba da inganta harkokin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da kuma raunana kudin Afirka ta Kudu karkashin shugaban kasar Jacob Zuma. Har zuwa yau, kimanin mutane 30 da ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV suna cikin farfadowa, yayin da ƙwayar kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta ta matasa ya ci gaba da tashi, ba tare da yardar da su ba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce, Cyril Ramaphosa ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka, kuma da yawa suna fatan cewa tattalin arzikin Afirka ta kudu zai sake yunkurin karfafa yunkurin cutar HIV tare da kasar.
Yaduwar cutar HIV da AIDS a Afirka ta Kudu
Shekaru da yawa, tunanin da ya fi dacewa a tsakanin 'yan Afirka ta Kudu shine cewa HIV / AIDs wata cuta ce ga matalauci.
Kuma wannan ya kasance mafi mahimmancin gaskiya, tare da kadan don dakatar da yaduwar kamuwa da cuta a cikin al'ummomin talauci.
Daga cikin wadanda suka fi shafa;
- Matasa masu shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun kasance mafi girman yawan mutanen da ke kamu da cutar HIV a Afirka ta Kudu, kimanin 50%.
- Mata suna da asusun 55% na dukan sababbin cututtuka. Harkokin zamantakewar al'umma da tattalin arziki, cin zarafin mata , da kuma yawan tarin fyade a Afirka ta Kudu sun kasance daga cikin dalilai na waɗannan lambobi.
- Maza maza da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) suna cikin haɗarin cutar HIV a Afirka ta Kudu, tare da kimanin kashi 33%. Rashin ciwo na kamfanonin HIV na musamman ga gay da mutane bisexual, da kuma rashin amincewa da al'adun gargajiya a wasu al'ummomi suna motsa manyan kudaden.
- Ma'aikata masu gudun hijirar suna fama da cutar HIV sosai, tare da wasu ƙananan yankunan da ke nuna yawan kamuwa da cuta fiye da 60%. Ƙungiyoyin maza-kawai sun ƙaddamar da yawan kasuwancin cinikayya da cinikayya don samar da cikakken hadari ga kamuwa da cuta.
Sakamakon nasarar yaki da cutar HIV ta Kudu
Ba daidai ba ne a ce hoton ya kasance mummunar damuwa da baƙar fata ga Afirka ta Kudu. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarori shi ne rage rage haihuwa (MTCT) na HIV . Tare da kulawa mafi kyau a dakunan shan magani da kuma amfani da kwayoyin cutar HIV, kwayoyin MTCT sun ragu daga 8% a 2008 zuwa 2.7% ta 2012.
A sakamakon haka, yawan mutuwar kwayar cutar ta HIV ta ragu a tsakanin yara ya ragu da 20%. Duk da haka, aiwatar da maganin rigakafin yara a cikin yara ya fadi a baya ga tsofaffi, kuma fiye da kashi 70 cikin dari na mutuwar mata a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka danganci HIV.
Sources
Masana kimiyya ta mutum (HSRC). "Cibiyar Binciken Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu ta Afirka ta Kudu, Bincike da Rashin Lafiya, 2012." Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu; Disamba 2014; isa ga Fabrairu 17, 2016.
Natrass, N. "AIDs da Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya a Bayar da Bincike na Afirka ta Kudu." Litattafan Oxford: Harkokin Afrika. Fabrairu 2008; 107 (427): 157-176.
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). "CDC na shirin HIV / AIDS Care and Treatment Program a Afrika ta Kudu: TB da HIV." Atlanta, Jojiya; Disamba 5, 2011.
Heywood, M. "Farashin Denial." Ƙaddamarwar Ƙaddamarwar Interfund. Disamba 2004; 5 (3).