Cephalosporins sune daya daga cikin magunguna da aka fi sani da su a duniya. Kwanan ku shine ku ci karo da wadannan maganin rigakafi ko da ba ku sani ba da sunan. Misali, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, ana amfani da Keflex (cefalexin) don magance cututtukan fata. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da Rocephin (ceftriaxone) don magance cutar pneumonia .
Akwai ƙarni biyar na cephalosporins.
Menene Cephalosporins?
An gano farko a cikin kwamin ruwa na Sardinia a shekarar 1945. An fara gano cifloslosin na farko a shekarar 1944.
Cephalosporins suna kama da wasu maganin rigakafi. Kamar penicillins, cephalosporins suna da nau'in beta-lactam da aka haɗe da zoben dihyrdothiazole. Yin kwance a kan wannan nau'in dihyrdothiazole ne daban-daban sassan sassan, abin da ya ƙunshi abun da ke da shi don daban-daban cifphalosporins tare da maganin maganin maganin magunguna da kuma maganin antimicrobial.
Cephalosporins suna da abubuwa uku daban-daban na aikin:
- Ƙulla takamaiman ƙwayoyin sunadaran penicillin.
- Tsanantawa na cell bango kira.
- Ƙaddamar da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kwayoyin halitta (ruɗaɗɗen kansa) enzymes a cikin kwayar kwayoyin halitta
Cephalosporins sun kasu kashi biyar. Duk da haka, daban-daban cifphalosporins a cikin wannan tsara suna wasu lokuta wani abu ba tare da alaƙa ba kuma suna da nau'o'in aiki (tunani cephamycins).
Komawar da aka koya wa mutane da yawa masu kula da kiwon lafiya shine cewa tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cephalosporins, haɓakaccen gwargwadon rahoto yayin haɓakar ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta.
Ɗaya daga cikin kashi 3 cikin dari na dukan mutane yana fama da rashin lafiyar cephalosporins. A gaskiya, duk da haka, wannan lambar mai yiwuwa ya fi girma saboda mutanen da ke da ciwon sikila mai yawanci ba su ba da umarni cephalosporins ba.
Na farko-Genee Cephalosporins
Cifphalosporins na farko sun zo cikin siffofi da kuma ɓarna. Suna aiki da cutar streptococci Viridans, ƙungiyar A streptococci na hemolytic, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli , Klebsiella da Proteus kwayoyin cuta. Kamar sauran cifphalosporins, ƙwararrun cifphalosporins na farko ba su aiki a kan enterococci.
Misalan cifphalosporins na farko-farkon sun haɗa da wadannan:
- Karshalexin (Keflex)
- Cephradine
- Cefadroxil
- Cefazolin (intravenous da intramuscular)
Gaba ɗaya, za a iya amfani da cifphalosporins na farko don yaki da fata da sauran cututtuka masu laushi, da cututtuka na numfashi, da kuma cututtuka na urinary. Ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cifphalosporins na farko zasu iya amfani da su a matsayin prophylaxis bayan tsabtace tsabta. Daga takamaiman bayanin kula, ƙaddamarwar MRSA ya rage ƙarfin ƙwayoyin cifphalosporins na farko kamar yadda ake nufi da prophylaxis da magani.
Kashi na biyu Cephalosporins
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cifphalosporins na biyu sun fi aiki da kwayar cutar ƙwayoyin cuta, suna yin amfani da su a yawancin yanayi na asibiti.
Alal misali, ƙwayoyin cifphalosporins na biyu suna aiki a kan matsaloli na Proteus da Klebsiella. Na biyu-ƙarfe cephalosporins kuma magance H.
mura-wata hanyar ciwon huhu, sepsis, da meningitis. Duk da haka, ƙwararrun cifphalosporins na farko sun fi dacewa a kan magance cututtuka masu kama da kwayar cutar.
Misalan na biyu na cifphalosporins na biyu sun haɗa da wadannan:
- Cefoxitin (cephamycin)
- Cefotetan (cephamycin)
- Cefuroxime (na baka da kuma intravenous)
- Cefprozil
Na biyu ƙarni cephalosporins bi da wadannan:
- Sinusitis
- Magungunan Otitis (kamuwa da kunne)
- Mixed anaerobic cututtuka ciki har da peritonitis da diverticulitis
- Prophylaxis bayan aikin tiyata
Cifphalosporins na biyu ba su da wani aiki game da Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Na uku-Genea Cephalosporins
Babbar amfani da kwayoyin cutar ta uku da na hudu an bunkasa ɗaukar hoto akan kwayoyin cutar.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, kashi uku na zamani ceftalosporin ceftazidime yana aiki da Pseudomonas aeruginosa, kwayoyin da za su iya haifar da cututtukan fata a cikin mutanen da ke da tsari na al'ada (tunani bayan shawagi a cikin ɗakin shafe mai ƙafe wanda yake ƙarƙashin ƙasa) da kuma ciwon huhu, jini da cututtuka. fita a cikin wadanda ke raunana tsarin rigakafi (tunani bayan-m da kuma asibiti marasa lafiya).
Akwai ƙananan ƙwararrun cifphalosporins. Tattaunawa da su duka za su kasance a waje da wannan labarin. Bari muyi mayar da hankali a kan ceftriaxone (Rocephin) wanda ke da amfani da yawa:
- Ƙananan cututtuka na ƙwayar numfashi
- Skin da taushi masu ciwo
- Ciwon yaduwar kwayar cutar
- Hanyoyin da ke cikin mahaifa
- Magunguna na Otitis
- Pelvic cutar cututtuka
- Prophylaxis na m
- Bacteria septicmia (cutar jini)
- Meningitis
- Kashe cututtuka
- Hadin hadin gwiwa
- Abun ciki mai ciki
Rabin ƙarni na hudu cephalosporin
Cefepime shine kawai samuwa (FDA-yarda) na huɗu-ƙarfe cephalosporin. Kamar na uku ƙarni cephalosporin ceftazidime, cefepime yana aiki da Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, cefepime ya fi aiki da kwayoyin bincike da kwayoyin citrobacter. A ƙarshe, cefepime yana da alamar ɗaukar hoto mai kama da ceftriaxone.
A nan ne wasu amfani na asibiti don cefepime:
- Matsakaicin matsananciyar ciwon huhu
- Mai tsananin ciwon urinary
- Skin da taushi masu ciwo
- Cutar da ke cikin ciki-ciki
Fifth Generation Cephalosporin
A shekara ta 2010, FDA ta amince da Ceftaroline (Teflaro), wanda ke da kashi biyar- ko ci gaba mai girma cephalosporin. Kamar kullun, ceftaroline wata kwayar cutar ce mai kyau wanda ya kamata a ajiye shi don kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani. Musamman, yana da aiki da multidrug-resistant cututtuka kamar MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus ) da kuma VRSA (vancomycin-resistant S. aureus) . Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi ma a yi amfani da shi kuma an umurce shi don yaƙar jama'a-samun ciwon huhu da fata mai tsanani da cututtuka masu taushi. Abin farin cikin, ceftaroline na da lafiya kuma yana da ikon yin juriya.
Kamar yadda zaku iya godiya yanzu, cephalosporins sune nau'in maganin maganin rigakafin kwayoyi da yawa. Duk da haka, kamar yadda mafi yawan maganin rigakafin kwayoyi, damuwa kwayoyin cutar shine damuwa ga ƙwararrun likitoci, likitoci, likitoci na jama'a, marasa lafiya da sauransu.
Juriya na kwayar cuta ba shi da wani ɓangare saboda likitoci sun sake yin rajista; Duk da haka, mu, kamar marasa lafiya, na iya taimaka wajen magance ci gaba da juriya. Alal misali, kada ka yi tsammanin koda yaushe ka bukaci cewa mai rubutun ka ba ka maganin rigakafi don magance kamuwa da cuta wanda zai iya zama hoto mai kyau. (Kwayoyin maganin rigakafi ba su da kariya ga ƙwayoyin cuta). Bugu da ƙari kuma, idan an yi maganin rigakafin maganin rigakafi, yana da mahimmanci cewa ka gama dukan kullun koda kuwa "kun ji daɗi."
Sources:
Guglielmo B. Anti-Ingantive Chemotherapeutic & Agent antibiotic. A cikin: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. eds. Sanarwar Asibiti na Yanzu da Jiyya 2015 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Labarin da ake kira "Ciwon Bincike da Gudanar da Ayyukan Harkokin Kuskuren Gaggawa ga Cephalosporins" na MH Kim da JM Lee daga Asthma, Allergy & Immunology Research da aka buga a shekarar 2014.
Wani gabatarwa mai suna "Amfani da Mahimmanci na Cephalosporins a Magungunan Mutum" ta JH Powers a FDA.