Daya daga cikin magungunan maganin rigakafi na AIDS shine cewa cutar tana da ikon da zai iya "ɓoye" kanta daga ganewa daga duka hanyoyin rigakafi da magungunan da ake nufi don warware shi. Maimakon yin tafiya a cikin jini inda za'a iya gane shi, cutar ta dauki nauyin jikin da kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin jiki a cikin abin da aka sani da jihar.
A cikin jihohi na jini, HIV kawai ya sanya nauyin kwayoyin halitta a cikin gidan salula. Saboda haka a maimakon yin amfani da shi a matsayin mai yaduwar cutar ta kyauta, to kawai yana yin maimaitawa kamar yadda mai tantanin salula yayi amfani da shi. A sakamakon haka, ba a sanar da tsarin rigakafi na jiki ba game da ciwon kwayar cuta a wannan lokacin da ba shi da izini, ya bar shi ya ci gaba da ba tare da gurgunta daga tsara zuwa tsara.
Duk da yake kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar HIV ne kawai ba ta san wannan ba, ikon da yake iya ɓoye kanta ya kawar da kullun sosai, wanda ba shi yiwuwa ba, masu bincike masu rikitarwa na tsawon shekaru 30.
A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya ba su da cikakken tabbacin yadda zazzagewa ya shiga. Bincike daga Jami'ar John Hopkins a 2103 ya nuna cewa tafkin salula wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV zai iya zama kusan sau 60 mafi girma fiye da yadda aka yi tunanin.
Duk da yake an yi ƙoƙari don kunna "cutar" cutar daga wadannan kwayoyin cutar, 'yan wakilai sun tabbatar da cewa zasu iya samun matakai don kunnawa da ake buƙata don maganin warkar da cutar.
Fahimtar Jihar Proviral
Ta hanyar ma'anarta, fitinar shine kwayoyin halitta (kwayar halitta) na kwayar cutar da aka kunshe a cikin DNA na tantanin tantanin kwayar cutar.
Akwai jihohi guda biyu. Na farko shine kawai mataki na maganin maganin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta lokacin da provirus ta "ɓoye" kwayar halitta ta tantanin halitta-ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira siginar mRNA-kuma tana jagorantar kirkirar sabon cutar, wanda ke ci gaba da kamuwa da sauran sassan mahalarta.
Wannan ana kiran shi kamuwa da cuta.
Na biyu shi ne jihar inda cutar ba ta yin tasiri ba amma an dauki shi a cikin DNA na tantanin tantanin halitta yayin da yake saiti daga tsara zuwa tsara. An kira wannan kamuwa da cutar ta latent , kuma ana amfani da magunguna masu amfani da provirus a matsayin tafki na latse .
Wata kamuwa da cutar ta latsa zai iya zama mai albarka a cikin gaggawa saboda sauye-sauye a yanayin mahalli ko lafiyar mutum. A cikin kwayar cutar HIV, wannan sau da yawa yakan faru ne lokacin da maganin cutar antiretroviral ya kasa , ko dai saboda ci gaba da juriya ko haɗin gwiwa , kuma / ko kuma lokacin da aka kare matakan tsaro a sakamakon sakamakon kamuwa da cuta.
Lokacin da wannan ya faru, zubar da hankali na "shiru" zai iya zamawa aiki ba zato ba tsammani kuma ya fara magana da kansa, samar da sababbin kwayoyin cuta yayin kashe gidan talikan.
Ɗaya daga cikin kalubale na maganin rigakafin cutar HIV shine ƙayyade hanyoyin da za a kawar da cutar HIV a cikin asibiti, na jihar. Saboda cutar HIV ba ta yin amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba ne, kamuwa da cututtuka na maganin rigakafi - wanda aikin ya hana ta yin amfani da kwayar cutar hoto-ba shi da tasiri. Saboda haka, cutar ba shi da ganuwa, yana iya kasancewa a ɓoye ko da fuskar fuskantar farfado da maganin antiretroviral .
Masana kimiyya yanzu suna binciken hanyoyin da za su kunna jiragen ruwa na latse tare da yin amfani da wasu magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Idan ya ci nasara, za a iya amfani da wasu magungunan (likita, immunologic) don magance cutar HIV. Sau da yawa ake kira "kick-kill", mai yiwuwa zai iya haifar da dan takarar mai cin gashin kansa da / ko dabarun.
Pronunciation: pro-VY-rus
Sources:
Ho, Y. et al., "Tsarin-da-kwarewa wadanda ba a yarda da su ba a cikin tafki mai zurfi suna kara damuwa ga cutar HIV-1." Cell. 2013; 155: 540-551.
Wu, Y. "Harshen kwayoyin cutar HIV-1: darussan da aka samu daga provirus da DNA ba tare da hade ba." Retrovirology. Mayu 21, 2004; 1 (13): Doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-1-13.
Eisele, E. da Siciliano, R. "Rashin tsabtace tafkin da ke dauke da cutar ta HIV da 1." Immunity. Satumba 21, 2012; 37 (3): 377-388.
Ho, Y. Shan, L; Hosmane, N. et al. "Amfani da Kayan Kwace-Rashin Kwace-da-Kwarewa a cikin tafkin Latent Ya Karu Cutar HIV-1." Sakin. Oktoba 23, 2013. 155 (3): 540-551.