Ƙasashen lafiya mai dadi don mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV
Yayinda gwajin farko da maganin cutar HIV ya karu da yawan tamanin rayuwa zuwa ga jama'a, yawancin wadanda ke da shekaru 50 da haihuwa sun fi ƙarfin jin dadin su, wadanda sukan sha wahala da rashin lafiya a lokacin da suke da tsawo kamuwa da cutar.
Bisa ga bayanai daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC), fiye da kashi 25 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amurkan da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV-ko kimanin mutane 313,000-sun fada cikin wannan cutar HIV.
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wannan adadi zai iya tashi zuwa kusan kashi 50.
Maganar Farko
An kashe mummunan kumburi da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin mafi girma daga cututtuka marasa cututtukan HIV-irin su cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini , cututtuka , ƙwayoyin cutar neuro-cognitive , da kuma ciwon sukari 2- wanda ya kasance kamar shekaru 10 zuwa 15 da suka wuce fiye da abin da zai zama ana tsammanin a cikin jama'a, wadanda ba a cutar ba. Koda ga mutanen da ke ci gaba da cutar HIV, waɗanda suke iya ɗaukar nauyin nauyin hoto na kwayar cutar ba tare da yuwuwa ba har tsawon shekaru a lokaci ɗaya, har yanzu akwai mummunar haɗari ga waɗannan abubuwan da suke haɗaka da tsufa.
Duk da yake hanyoyin da aka sani da tsohuwar kwayar cutar - ba a fahimta ba, an yarda da shi cewa ciwon kumburi na iya rage yawan aikin da mutum ya yi a hanyar da ba ta saba da na tsofaffi ba, a cikin jiki ne kawai "shekarun da suka wuce lokacinsa. "
Kuma yana bayyana ya shafi mutane da yawa, idan ba dukkanin tsarin sassan ba. Ko da T-sel na mutum , tsakiya ga amsawar ba tare da izini ba, ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa da ikon ganowa da kuma tsayar da jami'an kasashen waje yayin da ke ƙarƙashin nauyin wannan mai ci gaba, mummunar amsawa. Don magance matsalolin har ma da karawa, an danganta kwayoyin cutar HIV da wasu kwayoyin cutar kanjamau zuwa ƙananan visceral (ciwon ciki) a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, wanda kawai ya kara wa nauyin ta hanyar ɓoye sunadarin pro-inflammatory kai tsaye cikin jini.
To me menene mutum zai iya yin don ya fi lafiya da cutar HIV kuma ya kauce wa cututtuka da yanayin da ke haɗuwa da kamuwa da cutar da dogon lokaci?
Samu Tude a yau
Yana iya bayyana a fili, amma kimanin kashi 20 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amirka da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV ba a gwada su ba saboda kwayar cutar kuma, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) tace, kimanin kashi 50 na mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a duniya sun kasance marasa galihu. .
Jagorancin yau da kullum daga Hukumar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Amurka ta kira ga gwajin gwaji guda daya na dukan Amurkan da ke da shekaru 15 zuwa 65 a matsayin ɓangare na likita. Sauran kamfanonin haɗari mafi girma, ciki har da maza masu jima'i da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM), ana ƙarfafa su gwada kowace shekara. Ba tare da gwaji ba, babu wata hanya ta aiwatar da abu guda fiye da yadda za a iya tabbatar da kyakkyawar lafiyar lafiyar mutanen da ke zaune tare da HIV, kuma wannan shine ...
Fara farautar cutar HIV a yau
A watan Yuli na shekarar 2015, wani binciken da aka gabatar a taron 8th International Society of AIDS Society in Vancouver ya bukaci a fara gabatar da maganin antiretroviral (ART) ga dukan mutanen dake dauke da cutar HIV, ba tare da la'akari da ƙwayar cutar ko CD4 ba . Wannan binciken, wanda aka fi sani da Tsarin Likita na Farfesa na Farko (START), ya tabbatar da cewa rubutun ART a kan ganewar asali ya rage rashin lafiya da mutuwar kashi 53 cikin dari, yayin da yake ƙaddamar da hadarin yanayin da ba a ɗauke da HIV ba, kamar cututtukan zuciya (CVD) ) da wasu cututtuka, ta kusan kashi biyu cikin uku.
Ya bambanta, ko da wa] annan mutanen da ba su da wata sanarwa da za su iya tallafa wa kayayyakin da ba a san su ba, ba tare da ART-mutanen da aka sani da su "masu jagoranci ba" - sau biyu a cikin asibiti, sau uku suna iya samun asibiti don CVD, kuma sau hudu ana iya shigarwa domin yanayin likita idan aka kwatanta da masu kula da marasa rinjaye a kan cikakke ART. Idan akwai "dole" don rayuwa mai tsawo da kuma tare da HIV, wannan shi ne. Yana da wuri daya da za a fara.
Tsaya shan taba
Wannan ba kawai wani sanarwa ne na jama'a ba. Gaskiya mai ban mamaki a yau shine mutanen da suke tare da kwayar cutar HIV sau biyu suna iya zama masu shan taba kamar mutanen da basu kamu da cutar ba (kashi 42 cikin 100 da kashi 21 cikin dari), wanda ya haifar da kusan sau biyu na hadarin cututtuka na zuciya, sau biyu na yiwuwa mutuwa daga cututtuka na numfashi , da kuma ninkawa goma sha biyu a cikin hadarin ciwon daji na huhu.
A gaskiya ma, bincike da yawa sun ƙaddamar cewa shan taba yana kasancewa mafi girman hadarin haɗari a ci gaba da ciwon cututtuka da kuma mace-mace a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, ta rage yanayin rai ta wurin shekaru 12.3 mai ban mamaki idan aka kwatanta da masu kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV.
Yayinda shirye-shiryen tsagaita shan taba ba sau da sauƙi-wanda ake buƙatar matsakaicin mataki na takwas kafin nasarar cinyewa-samun magani ya kasance mafi sauƙi a karkashin Dokar Kulawa ta Kasa , tare da sauyewar ƙoƙarin da aka bari na shekara da dama da dama da shirye-shiryen maganin da aka ba su ta hanyar Medicaid. duk jihohi 50.
Get Your Shots
Abin mamaki ne a kan yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV wanda suke kauce wa, watsi da su, ko kuma basu san komai ba ko kuma maganin rigakafin da suke bukata . Wadannan sun hada da jerin maganin rigakafi irin su na cutar hepatitis B, ɗan adam papillomavirus (HPV) , cutar pneumococcal, da kuma (a) shekara-shekara na harkar cutar .
Wani abu na rigakafi yana daukan sabon ma'anar lokacin da, misali, haɗarin ciwon daji na cututtukan (wanda ke haɗuwa da kamuwa da cutar HPV) an san shi sau 25 a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, yayin da ciwon sankarar keyi ya karu da sau biyar. Kyakkyawan maganin rigakafi na HPV shine duk abin da ya kamata ya yanke haɗarin waɗannan ciwon ta hanyar da kashi 56 cikin dari.
Kafin yin jigilar kowane shirin rigakafi, tabbatar da haɗuwa da likita don tattauna zabin da hadarin. Yayinda yawancin zasu rage hadarin kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar HIV, wasu zasu iya cutar da ku , musamman ma idan tsarin rigakafinku ya zama mummunan rikici.
Tattauna Dokoki tare da Doctor
Bisa ga wani binciken daga Makarantar Kimiyya na Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, yin amfani da kwayoyin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cholesterol, tare da ART, na iya rage yiwuwar mutuwar mutane da cutar HIV ta kashi 67. Masu binciken sun nuna cewa, ban da rage yawan ƙwayoyin cholesterol, cututtukan suna nuna cewa rage yawan ƙonewa.
Duk da yake wannan ba yana nufin cewa ana amfani da kwayoyin magungunan kwayoyin ba ga dukan mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV, yana bada shawara akan amfani da kulawar lipid na yau da kullum da kuma sauran alamun cutar cututtukan zuciya-musamman a cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya ko wadanda ke da halayen haɗari (misali, iyali tarihin, shan taba, da sauransu).
Ka yi la'akari da Karin bayani game da Vitamin D & Calcium
Ana lura da ƙananan kashi na ma'adinai (BMD) a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙananan kasusuwa da ƙashi na hanji, da kuma ci gaba da ciwon osteoporosis . Rahotanni na BMD tsakanin kashi biyu da kashi shida cikin dari suna yawan gani a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na farawa ART, daidai da na mata a farkon shekaru biyu na mazauni.
A sakamakon haka da wasu kididdigar, an bayar da shawarar cewa dukkanin matan da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV suna ba da DEXA (dual energy energy absorptiometry) don dubawa don yiwuwar asarar kasuwa, kazalika da duk wadanda suka kamu da cutar HIV yana da shekaru 50.
Game da goyon baya, yawan karatun sun nuna cewa tsarin hadin gwiwar bitamin B kullum da kuma ƙarin ƙwayoyin calcium zai iya taimakawa wajen rage hadarin kasusuwa kashi. Yayinda binciken ya kasance ba tare da cikakke ba, halayen Amurka na yau da kullum sun bada shawara tsakanin 800 zuwa 1000 MG na bitamin D na baka kowace rana da 1000 zuwa 2000 MG na maganin allurar rana kowace rana. Magunguna da osteoporosis zasu iya amfana daga irin wadannan kwayoyi na farko kamar alendronate (Fosomax) da kuma zoledronic acid (Zometa) wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen hana sasantawa da ƙwayar cuta.
Abinci da Aiki
Zai yiwu ma fiye da shan taba, kalmomin nan "cin abinci" da "motsa jiki" suna nuna waƙa da magunguna (har ma da kullun idanuwan lokaci) daga marasa lafiya, kamar dai sun kasance a cikin ƙasa-mazaunin gida maimakon na ainihin shawarar likita su ne.
Amma la'akari da wannan - mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV suna da saurin sau da yawa-ƙananan ƙaruwa a jikin jiki don ba wai HIV kawai ba amma ga kwayoyi da ake amfani dasu don magance cutar. Kuma har ma wa anda ke cike da zubar da jini na ART, ba abu ne da ya faru ba don ganin kashi 40 cikin kashi na cin hanci da kuma kashi 35 cikin 100 na mai ciki, tare da karuwa a cikin duka CVD da kuma irin ciwon sukari na 2.
Bugu da ƙari, tanadi ga magungunan kwayoyi, gudanar da yau da kullum na HIV ya kamata ya hada da daidaitaccen abinci, da rage yawan abincin mai da kuma haɗakarwa ta horo da kuma juriya , ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba, CD4, ko kuma cutar. Kafin fara ART, dole ne a jarraba kwayoyin glucose da jini tare da saka idanu akai-akai don biyo bayan ci gaban CVD da / ko ciwon sukari.
Lashe na kasa: kada ku dogara da Allunan ko abinci kawai don magance matsalolin da suke da nauyi ko kuma yin amfani da hanyoyin magance matsalolin haɗari. Yi aiki tare da likitanka kuma ka nemi masu ba da kyauta ga masu cin abinci mai gina jiki da masu dacewa a yankinka, musamman idan kana da kisa, rashin lafiyar lafiya, da cututtukan zuciya ko ciwon sukari, ko kuma kawai suna bukatar jagora.
Samun gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullum da mammograms
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da musamman ga matan da suke tare da kwayar cutar HIV, ba kawai don tabbatar da rigakafin ciwo da ciwon sankarar mahaifa da sauran maganganu masu dangantaka ba, amma don magance matsalolin da suka shafi haihuwa , HIV / AIDS (watau, inda abokin tarayya yake da cutar HIV kuma ɗayan yana da cutar HIV -gabanci), da kuma hana rigakafin cutar HIV da uwa .
Mata suyi magana akan duk wani shiri ko manufofin da suke da shi game da ciki a kan farawa kula, yayin da ake tabbatar da tsarin mammogram na yau da kullum kamar yadda aka nuna (a kowace shekara ga mata fiye da 50 da kuma mutum daya ga mata tsakanin shekarun 40 zuwa 49). Ya kamata a ba mata magungunan kwayar cutar HIV a cikin kwaskwarima, sa'an nan a kan farawa kulawa, tare da gwaje-gwaje na sake yin kowane watanni shida bayan haka.
Kada ku taba maganin cutar HIV a haɓaka
Ɗaya daga cikin kuskure game da kulawar HIV shine cewa an ƙaddara shi da ƙayyadadden gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje (CD4, ƙididdigar hoto) da kuma zane-zane na yau da kullum (STDs, hepatitis) da kuma hade tare da yin ziyara a kai a kai ga likitan ka na HIV. Kuma shi ke da kyau sosai.
Tare da mayar da hankali a kan maganganu na tsawon lokaci, mutane da yawa sun fara kira don daidaitawa na HIV, suna kula da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na kulawa na farko maimakon a matsayin sana'a. Wannan yana nufin canza hanyar da muke duban cutar HIV a yau, duka marasa lafiya da likitoci. Yana nufin fahimtar cewa kwayar cutar HIV ba za a iya magance ta ba, amma a matsayin wani ɓangare na lafiyarmu na dogon lokaci.
Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a koyaushe likita na likitancinka na kowane likita da za ka iya karbar, ciki har da duk wani asibitoci ko kuma mai fita daga waje. Kuma kada ku ɗauka cewa wani abu ya zama dole "ba tare da alaƙa" zuwa HIV ba, musamman ma tun da cutar ta iya bayyana tare da wasu matsalolin hade, daga matsalolin ido ga cutar jinya / ƙwayar cuta ga cututtukan daji.
Idan likitan likitanku ya bambanta da likitanku na HIV, tabbatar da cewa suna da sakamako kullum, ciki har da jarrabawar jarraba da wasu rahotanni masu mahimmanci ga kulawa na tsawon lokaci.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "HIV a tsakanin Jama'a da ke da shekaru 50 da tsofaffi." Atlanta, Jojiya; Agusta 3, 2015.
> Ƙungiyar Nazarin Sake Farawa. "Gaddamar da farfadowa da maganin cutar kanjamau a Early Asymptomatic HIV infection." New England Journal of Medicine. Yuli 20, 2015; DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
> Mdodo, R .; Frazier, E; Mattson, C; et al. "Cigarette shan taba a tsakanin HIV + manya a kula: Medical Monitoring Project, US, 2009." Taro na 20 game da Magungunan Tsuntsaye da Hanyoyin Ciki (CROI 2013). Atlanta, Jojiya; Maris 3-6, 2013: Abubuwa 775.
> Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'ar Amirka da Harkokin Dan Adam (DHHS). "Gwararrun maganin rigakafin rigakafin cutar HIV." Washington, DC; Agusta 3, 2015.
> Cannon, J. "Tsayawa tare da HIV - Shirye-shiryen ACSM Ya Yi Kwarewa ga Magunguna." Dietician na yau. Oktoba 2011; 13 (10): 86.