Nazarin ya nuna shan taba yana da cutarwa fiye da HIV kanta
Cigarette shan taba ya kasance a cikin mafi yawan damuwa da kuma cututtukan kiwon lafiya da damuwa fuskantar mutane da HIV a yau. Idan aka kwatanta da yawancin jama'ar Amurka, inda yawancin shan taba ya ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan zuwa kimanin kashi 21, yawanci kashi 42 cikin dari na mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV an kwatanta su a matsayin masu shan taba. Wannan lamari ne mai ban tsoro da kuma wanda ke da nasaba da haɓakawa a cikin kwayoyin cutar kanjamau da kuma rashin mutuwa.
Mutane masu lafiya da kwayar cutar HIV suna da sau biyu kamar yadda suke shan taba
Akwai ƙananan binciken da za a iya bayyana cikakkiyar ƙananan kudaden shan taba a cikin mutanen HIV. Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa matsanancin juyayi da bakin ciki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma mutane da yawa sun juya zuwa nicotine a matsayin hanya don magance matsalolin yau da kullum na HIV.
Amma ba a sani ba ko waɗannan matsalolin motsin rai wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa don yin amfani da taba, ko kuma idan sun yi kokarin ƙuntatawa ga waɗanda ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV.
Bayanai yana jituwa. Bisa ga binciken da aka fitar daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Inganta cututtuka na Amurka (CDC), masu shan taba HIV a yau suna da tsufa fiye da ƙarami, tare da 58 bisa dari na shekaru 45 da haihuwa, kashi 40 cikin dari 25 zuwa 44, kuma kawai kashi biyu cikin dari shekarun 18 zuwa 24.
Wadannan lambobi sun nuna cewa yaduwar kwayar cutar HIV ba lallai ba ne a matsayin mawuyacin hali don amfani da taba, kamar yadda masu shan taba-ƙwayar cutar HIV-wadanda suka samu kashi 26 cikin sababbin cututtuka - sun fi shan taba fiye da magungunansu na kwayar cutar HIV (kashi biyu cikin dari kimanin kashi 19).
Maimakon haka, siffofin suna nuna halin da ake ciki a Amurka, inda tsofaffi masu shan taba ba su da wataƙila su gano fatar shan taba fiye da masu shan taba (kashi 84 zuwa kashi 66).
Ya bambanta, daidaitawar jima'i yana taka raguwa cikin yawan shan taba. A gaskiya ma, lambobin suna da ƙari, kamar yadda yawancin maza da ke shan taba (kashi 51 cikin 100) kamar gay, 'yan mata, ko masu aure (kashi 49) - duk da cewa sababbin cututtuka tsakanin maza da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) sau uku ne mafi girma daga tsakanin maza da mata.
Wannan yana nufin cewa mafi yawan yawan masu shan taba a cikin kwayar cutar HIV, a gaskiya ma, namiji ne. Dalilin da ya sa wannan ya kasance ba a sani ba-musamman tun lokacin shan taba a tsakanin gays, 'yan mata, da kuma masu bi da bi a cikin yawancin jama'a kusan kusan sau biyu ne na maza da mata, kamar yadda rahotanni na 2010 ya fitar daga Kungiyar Lung Association ta Amirka.
Ta yaya Smoking ke shafar mutanen da suke fama da kwayar cutar HIV?
Shan taba yana da tasiri sosai a kan bayyanar da kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin kasashe masu tasowa fiye da kowace cuta ta HIV. Wannan shi ne binciken binciken da aka yi a 2013 daga asibitin Jami'ar Copenhagen, wanda ya nuna cewa shan taba, da kuma kanta, yana rage yawan rai a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV shekaru 12.3.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, an yi la'akari da hadarin mace-mace (ko kwayoyin cutar HIV da wadanda basu da cutar HIV) kamar yadda sau biyar ya fi yawan masu shan taba a kan kwayar cutar HIV fiye da mutanen da ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV.
Daga cikin hatsarin shan taba na shan kwayar cutar HIV:
- Shan taba shine babban haɗari mafi girman haɗari da ke tattare da cututtukan zuciya (ACS) a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV. Bisa ga bincike daga Jami'ar Barcelona, gudunmawar shan taba ga ACS a cikin masu cutar HIV ya fi kwarewar ciwon sukari ko hauhawar jini kuma kusan kusan sau biyu a matsayin mai girma a cikin kwayar cutar HIV (ko kashi 54 cikin 100 zuwa kashi 31) . Yin amfani da antiretrovirals ko ɗayan CD4 na kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar sun bayyana cewa basu da tasiri a kan ko masu mai shan taba HIV sun sami ACS ko a'a.
- Ana daukar shan shan taba matsayin babbar matsalar haɗari a ci gaba da ciwon daji na huhu . A gaskiya ma, yawan karuwar kwayar cutar kanjamau ta karu da goma sha hudu a tsakanin masu shan taba-kwayar cutar HIV, mai zaman kansa na CD4 ko kuma tarihin cutar HIV. Bincike daga Cibiyar Nazarin Jakadancin HIV ta HIV ya nuna cewar yawancin masu fama da cutar shan kwayar cutar HIV suna da talauci, wanda ke da kashi 14 cikin 100 kawai yana rayuwa shekaru biyu bayan ganewar asali. Wannan ya ce, an nuna cewa an riga an nuna tsofaffin masu shan taba taba da hatsari fiye da masu shan taba a halin yanzu, suna nuna muhimmancin shan taba daga wadanda ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV.
- Shan taba kara ƙaddamar da hadarin cutar cututtuka na al'ada (COPD) da kuma ciwon kwayar cuta na jiki. Masu smokers na yanzu da kwayar cutar HIV ba kawai suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka fiye da wadanda ba a shan taba ba, suna da karuwa sau biyu a cikin hadarin mutuwa. Sauran nazarin sun nuna dangantakar dake tsakanin masu shan taba da kuma zane-zane.
- Akwai ƙungiya mai karfi tsakanin shan taba da furofitologucin mutum (HPV) a cikin mata da maza da ke dauke da HIV. Magunguna masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a tsakanin sau biyu da sau uku sun kamu da kamuwa da cutar HIVV fiye da matan HIV wadanda ba su shan taba. Hakazalika, shan shan taba a cikin kwayoyin cutar HIV ya haɗu da haɗari mai yawa don ci gaba da raunin cutar HPV. Magungunan cutar HPV na ciwon kai tsaye suna da nasaba da haɗarin ciwon ciwon sankarar mahaifa a cikin mata da ciwon daji a cikin maza. Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa shan taba yana da mummunar tasiri akan rigakafi na mutum, duka da kwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin mucosal (wanda daga cikinsu ya haɗa da kwayoyin Langerhans masu karewa wadanda ke sanya cervix da anus). CD4 yana ƙidaya a ƙarƙashin 350 Kwayoyin / ML ana la'akari da mai bada gudummawa.
- Cigarette shan taba yana iya kara yawan mace na watsa kwayar cutar HIV a jariri a yayin baftisma, tare da raguwa da bala'in da ke faruwa a cikin iyaye mata da suka taba shan taba a farkon farkon shekaru uku na ciki. Dukkanin sun fada, hadarin da ake nunawa a tsaye ya nuna cewa yawanci sau uku ne na matan da ba tare da shan taba ba tare da HIV.
- Shan taba yana haɗuwa da haɗarin haɗari na ƙananan kashi (misali osteopenia, osteoporosis), kuma an dauke shi a matsayin hadarin mai hadarin gaske don raunuka tsakanin waɗanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV. Tsohon tsufa da farin fata ma sun kasance masu kallo na ɓarna.
Amfanin Quitting
Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su da kuma gajeren lokaci na barin su ba su da tabbas kuma sun bayyana. Cessation cessation sau da yawa rage hadarin cututtuka na zuciya da cututtukan zuciya a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, tare da binciken guda daya na nuna raguwa a kusan kashi 65 cikin dari bayan shekaru uku. (Bincike daga Nazarin Jakadancin Aquitaine a Faransanci ya nuna cewa ƙaddamarwa na iya, a gaskiya, shine kawai hanyar da ke haɗuwa da inganta ƙwayar cututtuka na zuciya ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV-mafi girma fiye da magungunan lipid-down or antiretroviralrapy.)
Hakazalika, ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu na iya ragewa ta hanyar kashi 50 cikin dari na masu shan taba a kan kwayar cutar HIV wanda suka bar shekara daya ko fiye. Ana ganin sakamakon da aka kwatanta da marasa lafiya tare da COPD, kwayar cuta na kwayan cuta, da sauran cututtuka masu ciwon jini da marasa ciwo.
Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa jimawa ya fi kyau daga baya idan ya zo daga barin, musamman ga waɗanda ke da tsarin tsarin kulawa. Binciken daga Cibiyar Cancer na Anderson a Jami'ar Texas ya nuna cewa katsewar shan taba zai iya rage nauyin bayyanar cutar HIV a cikin ƙananan watanni uku da kuma cewa bayyanar cututtuka na iya ci gaba da raguwa a matsayin lokaci ba tare da shan taba ba.
Bugu da ƙari, shan taba abstinence yana da dangantaka da haɓakawa ga waɗanda ke kan maganin cutar antiretroviral.
Sources:
Mdodo, R .; Frazier, E; Mattson, C; et al. "Cigarette shan taba a tsakanin HIV + manya a kula: Medical Monitoring Project, US, 2009." Taro na 20 game da Magungunan Tsuntsaye da Hanyoyin Ciki (CROI 2013). Atlanta, Jojiya; Maris 3-6, 2013: Abubuwa 775.
Helleberg M .; Afzal, S .; Kronborg, G .; et al. "Mutuwa da ake iya haifar da shan taba a tsakanin kwayoyin cutar HIV-1: binciken da aka yi a cikin ƙauyuka." Cututtuka na cututtuka na asibiti. Maris 2013; 56 (5): 723-734.
Clifford G .; Lise, M .; Franceschi, S .; et al. "Ciwon daji na huhu a cikin binciken kan jinsin HIV: tasirin shan taba, rashin daidaituwa da kuma kamuwa da cutar huhu." Jaridar British Journal of Cancer. Janairu 12, 2012; 106 (3): 447-452.
Kwara, K .; Griffith, T. McGinnis, K .; et al. "Hanyen cigaba akan taba shan taba akan mace-mace, rayuwa mai kyau, da rashin lafiya maras lafiya a tsakanin masu tsohuwar kwayar cutar HIV." Journal of General Medicine. Disamba 2005; 20 (12): 1142-1145.