Kwayar cutar HIV da kuma marasa lafiya na HIV ba tare da haɓaka ba
Abubuwan da ciwon daji ke ciki a cikin mutanen da ke tare da kwayar cutar HIV sun dade suna da damuwa da kuma mayar da hankali ga ƙaddamar da bincike da masu binciken kiwon lafiya. Yayin da hadari ga irin wannan cututtukan AIDS da aka gano a matsayin Kabili sarcoma da lymphoma ba na Hodgkin (NHL) sun ragu sosai saboda ci gaba a maganin cutar antiretroviral , matsalolin sauran cututtuka sun taso kamar yadda ya kamata.
Wadannan cututtukan da ba a tabbatar da cutar kanjamau ba a yau suna dauke da dalilin mutuwar mutane masu fama da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin kasashe masu tasowa, bisa ga binciken da aka yi daga Cibiyar Nazari na HIV HIV. Abubuwa na malignancies kamar ciwon huhu da ciwon daji da ke fama da rauni suna gudana a ko'ina daga sau uku zuwa 50 fiye da na yawan jama'a.
AIDS-Defining Cancers
A farkon shekarun 1980, wani mummunan fata na ciwon daji wanda ake kira Kaposi sarcoma (wanda har sai da ya shafi mazan tsofaffi a Turai ta Yamma) ya kasance daga cikin kungiyoyin da aka gano a cikin mutanen da aka gano da kwayar cutar HIV. a 1981. Ba da daɗewa ba, lymphoma ba na Hodgkin da kuma mahaukaciyar ƙwayar mahaifa (CIC) sun kara da cewa jerin su ne likitocin da ake zaton AIDS-defining.
Tare da gabatarwar hadewar maganin rigakafi (ART) a shekara ta 1996, yanayin ya canza sosai. An kama shi da wani tsari na kwayoyi wanda zai iya kawar da kwayar cutar nan gaba kuma ya sake dawo da aikin jikin mutum, matsalolin Kaposi da NHL sun ragu da kimanin kashi 50 cikin dari, yayin da ICC ta ci gaba da canzawa har zuwa yau.
(Dalilin da ba a fahimci wannan ba ne kodayake wasu sun gaskata cewa wasu, ƙananan ƙarancin ƙwayar cutar ɗan adam (HPV) - wanda aka sani don haifar da ciwon sankarar mahaifa - na iya kasancewa cikin mata masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV.)
Duk da yawa daga cikin wadannan ci gaba, mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV har yanzu sun kasance har sau bakwai mafi kusantar su ci gaba da ICC, sau 65 sun fi dacewa su samar da NHL, kuma sau 300 sun fi dacewa su samar da sarcoma Kaposi fiye da takwarorinsu marasa lafiya.
Cututtukan cututtukan da ba a kan cutar AIDS ba
Tare da sararin samuwa a cikin yanayin rayuwa ta hanyar ART da kuma tsufa na ƙwayar cutar HIV, masu bincike sun fara ganin wasu cututtuka da ke nunawa da yawa a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV. Yawancin da wadannan ya faru sun sa mutane da yawa suyi imani cewa akwai hanyar haɗaka tsakanin HIV da wasu ciwon daji.
Ga wasu daga cikin waɗannan, kamar ciwon wariyar launin fata , mahaɗin yana da mahimmanci. Da zarar mafi yawan gaibi a Amurka, tare da wasu fiye da 20,000 lokuta da aka ruwaito tsakanin 1980 da 2005, ciwon daji a yau shi ne karo na hudu mafi yawan ciwon daji da aka samu a cikin kwayar cutar HIV. Bugu da ƙari, gay ko mazaje bisexual tare da kwayar cutar HIV na iya samun saurin saurin sau 60 na bunkasa ciwon daji mai tsanani fiye da marasa lafiya.
Hakazalika, cutar Hodgkin (irin ciwon daji na jini kamar na lymphoma ba na Hodgkin) yana tsakanin sau biyar zuwa 10 sau ma zai shafi mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, yayin da cutar kanjamau / wuyansa da kuma ciwon hanta ne, guda takwas da tara sau da yawa faruwa.
Dukkanin sunce, ana iya ganin ciwon daji na kwakwalwa, bakin, makogwaro, huhu, hanta, kodan, kwakwalwa, kwayar cutar da kwayar cutar lymph don shawo kan wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, tare da mafi yawan wadanda aka gano su a cikin shekaru 10-15 a baya fiye da takwarorinsu marasa lafiya.
(A gefe, mutane da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ba a ganin su ba ne a kowane haɗari ga ci gaban ciwon daji na nono, ovaries, mafitsara, prostate, colon ko rectum.)
Sanadin Rashin Ƙari
An nuna wasu cututtuka don taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan haɗari, irin su tsakanin cutar ciwon hauka C da ciwon huhu; HPV da yarinya / sankarar mahaifa; da cutar Epstein Barr da cutar Hodgkin.
A halin yanzu, al'amuran salon rayuwa, kamar shan taba da barasa, na iya ƙara matsawa hadarin, musamman tare da ciwon huhu ko hanta.
Mafi mahimmanci, watakila, shine tasirin HIV kanta. Duk da yake mun san cewa kwayar cutar HIV ba ta haifar da ciwon daji ba, ƙananan ƙonewa da ke haɗuwa da kamuwa da cuta yana nuna alaƙa da haɗari ga yawan halayen haɗari.
Wannan yana bayyana gaskiyar ko da lokacin da marasa lafiya ke kan ART tare da nauyin kayan kyamaran da ba a taba gani ba .
Bincike a yau yana da karfi da shawara cewa ci gaba da kumburi, ko da a ƙananan matakan, ba zai iya wucewa ba. Wannan lalacewa (wanda aka sani da tsohuwar senescence) an dauki dabi'a a cikin tsofaffi. Duk da haka, tare da ciwon ƙwayar cutar HIV, wannan tsufa ba kawai ya ƙaru lokacin da zai dauka don ci gaba da ciwon daji ba, yana da haka tare da wasu tsofaffi masu dangantaka da haihuwa, daga rashin lafiya na neurocognitive zuwa ciwon kashi zuwa cutar cututtukan zuciya .
Yadda za a rage Rashin Ciwon Kankara
Mahimmanci ga rage yawan hadarin ciwon daji shine farkon ganewar asali da kuma maganin cutar HIV. Gabatarwar ART a lokacin ganewar asali zai iya kulawa ko mayar da aikin jin dadin lafiya yayin da rage haɗarin wasu ciwon sukari ta hanyar kashi 50 cikin dari.
Sauran shawarwari don HIV-positive mutane sun hada da:
- Kwararren jaridar yau da kullum yana nuna alkaluman ciwon sankarar mahaifa
- Hepatitis B da gwajin cutar hepatitis C
- Tsarin jarida na zamani yana jarabawa gwajin gay / bisexual maza ko kowane mutum da warts
- Samun rigakafi na HPV ga mata masu shekaru 11 zuwa 26, maza masu shekaru 11 zuwa 21, masu aiki da jima'i maza da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) shekarun 22 zuwa 26, ko mazaunin immunosuppressed shekaru 22 zuwa 26
- Cessation taba
- Rage yawan amfani da barasa, musamman ga mutanen dake da ciwon hauka B ko C
- Ayyukan jima'i masu aminci don hana ciwon hauka C da cutar ta HPV
- Sauran gwaje-gwaje masu gwaje-gwaje da ciwon ciwon daji kamar yadda likitanku ya umurce ku
Sources:
Hleyhel, M .; Belot, A ;; Bouvier, A., et al. "Rashin lafiyar cutar kanjamau (HIV-1) akan ciwon daji a cikin marasa lafiya HIV-1 (1992-2009): sakamakon daga FHDH-ANRS CO4." Jaridar Cibiyar AIDS ta Duniya. Nuwamba 11, 2012; 15 (4)
Crum-Cianflone, N., MD; Huppler Hullsiek, K., PhD; Vincent Marconi, Vm MD, et al. "Yanayin da ke faruwa a kan cutar Kanjamau Daga cikin kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV da mutane da tasirin maganin cutar kanjamau: Nazarin Jakadancin shekaru 20." AIDS , 2009; 23 (1): 41-50.
Shiels, M .; Pfeiffer, R .; Gail, M., et al. "Ciwon daji na cututtukan da ke cikin cutar HIV-Infected Population a Amurka." XVIII Cibiyar AIDS ta Duniya, Vienna. Abubuwan WEAB0101, 2010.
Nguyen, M .; Farrell, K .; da kuma Gunthel C. "Cutar da ba ta da cutar AIDS a cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin HAART Era. Rahoton Cututtuka na Ingantaccen Cutar. Janairu 2010; 12 (1): 46-55.
Chao, C .; Leyden, W .; Xu, L., et al. "Zane-zane ga farfadowa da maganin ciwon daji a kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV." AIDS. Nuwamba 13, 2012; 26 (17): 2223-31.