Hanyoyi masu kyau sun rage yaduwar cutar HIV
A cewar Cibiyar Hulɗa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da cutar kanjamau / AIDS, kusan rabin dukan ma'aurata da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a duniya sun kasance masu gwagwarmaya, ma'anar cewa abokin tarayya yana da kwayar cutar HIV yayin da wasu ke da cutar HIV. A yau, a Amurka kadai, an kiyasta cewa akwai mutane fiye da 140,000 maza da mata, wadanda yawancin su masu haihuwa ne.
Tare da ci gaba mai girma a maganin maganin antiretroviral (ART) , da kuma sauran abubuwan da ake hanawa, ma'aurata na da damar da za su yi ciki fiye da daɗaɗɗun-yardar ga daukar ciki yayin da ya rage hadarin watsawa ga yaron da abokin tarayya marasa lafiya.
Abubuwan da suka shafi ra'ayoyin ra'ayi
A yau, an yarda cewa karbar amfani da kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi na iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar HIV tsakanin masu yin amfani da kwayar cutar HIV:
- tabbatar da cewa abokin tarayya mai cutar HIV ya rage rashin ciwon zuciya ta hanyar riƙe nauyin hoto na kwayoyin cuta a matakan da ba a iya ganowa (hanyar da aka sani da magani kamar rigakafin, ko TasP)
- samar da abokin tarayya na HIV-negative tare da zabin don ƙarin kariya tare da yin amfani da prophylaxis kafin rikicewa (PrEP)
A cikin ma'aurata da ke amfani da TasP da PrEP, ana ganin an rage yawan hadarin watsawa. Binciken daga binciken da aka gudanar a Sashen Sashen na SHIRYE ya nuna cewa mata da maza 1,166 sun shiga cikin gwaji daga watan Satumbar 2010 zuwa Mayu 2014, kawai 11 abokan hulɗa na HIV ne suka kamu da cutar.
Duk da haka, gwajin kwayoyin kuma ya bayyana cewa mutum goma sha ɗaya sun kamu da cutar da wani daga cikin dangantakar, ma'ana cewa babu wanda ke cikin dangantakar da ke da alaƙa guda daya.
Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yayin da waɗannan maganganun zasu iya rage girman haɗari - har zuwa kashi 96 da 74 bisa dari, bi da bi - ba su kawar da su ba.
Yawan wasu dalilai, ciki har da maganin ciwon kwayar cutar HIV da kuma cututtuka na jini, zai iya dawowa da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da TasP ko PrEP suka samu idan ba a magance su da kyau ba.
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan sun nuna cewa mutumin da ke dauke da kyamarar cutar kyamarar cutar plasma bazai da wataƙila yana da nauyin kariya ta kwayoyin cutar. Saboda haka, yayin da gwajin jini zai iya bayar da shawarar ƙananan hadarin kamuwa da cutar, akwai yiwuwar ci gaba da haɗari akan matakin mutum. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci, don neman shawara ta hanyar likita ta musamman kafin ya fara aiki. Kwayoyi ba kawai ba ne mafita ba.
Idan Shine Mataimaki yana da HIV-Gaskiya
A cikin dangantaka inda mace ta kasance tabbatacciya kuma namiji ne mummunan, mafi kyawun zabin shi ne kwakwalwa na ciki (wanda aka sani da kwariyar kwakwalwa, ko IUI). Yana kawar da buƙatar yin jima'i da kuma ba da damar yin kwaskwarima ta amfani da kwayar abokin tarayya.
Duk da haka, wannan bazai zama wani zaɓi mai yiwuwa ga wasu ba, ko dai saboda kudin ko wasu dalilai. Saboda haka, ba zato ba ne don gano burin ta hanyar jima'i ba tare da karewa ba cewa matakan suna cikin wuri don rage yawan hadarin watsa.
A irin waɗannan lokuta, za a sanya matar a kan ART wanda ya dace idan ba'a riga an tsara shi ba, tare da manufar samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa.
Ba wai kawai wannan ya rage yiwuwar saurin mata da namiji ba, yana rage hadarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar uwa a ciki.
Da zarar an samu nasarar maganin cututtukan hoto, an yi amfani da jima'i ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi na ƙwayoyin cuta don kara rage hadarin. Dole ne a yi amfani da robar roba a kowane lokaci. Yin amfani da PrEP a cikin abokin tarayya na iya bayar da ƙarin kariya, ko da yake sakamakon yana har yanzu daga binciken da ke bincika amfani da PrEP a ciki.
Kafin farawa PREP, ya kamata a kula da abokin aure na HIV, hepatitis B, da kuma sauran cututtukan da aka yi da jima'i, da kuma ba da cikakken bayani game da enzymes na koda .
Dole a yi la'akari da la'akari akai-akai domin kauce wa cututtukan cututtuka, ciki har da dosfunction ta koda da wasu abubuwan masu guba. Bugu da ƙari, duka mata da namiji ya kamata a kula da su don cututtuka na jikin jini. Idan an sami kamuwa da cuta, ya kamata a bi da shi kuma a warware kafin a yi ƙoƙarin yin gwaji.
Da zarar an tabbatar da ciki, za a ci gaba da yin amfani da ART a cikin abokin auren mata, tare da sharuɗɗa na yau da kullum na bada shawara na dindindin, tsawon rai har sai da CD4 . Duk wadansu kayan da za a yi don rigakafin yaduwar uwa-da-yarinya za a aiwatar da su, ciki har da zaɓin zaɓin sashin layi da kuma kula da magungunan haihuwa na haihuwa bayan haihuwa.
Idan Muddin Abokin Aboki yana da HIV-Gaskiya
A cikin dangantaka inda mutumin ya kasance tabbatacciya kuma mace ba ta da kyau, yaduwar nama tare da ko IUI ko hakorar in vitro (IVF) na iya samar da hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta hankalinta. Za a cika wankewar ɓarke ta hanyar rarrabe kwayar cutar daga jikin mahaifa, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin mahaifa bayan an ƙayyade lokacin yaduwa.
Idan ba IUI ko IVF ba ne wani zaɓi-tare da IUI na $ 895 da $ IV,000 da ake amfani dasu, a kan matsakaici - sannan kuma a yi la'akari da yadda za a binciki hanyoyin tsaro, hanyoyin "hanyoyi".
An bayar da shawarar sosai cewa za a yi nazari mai yaduwar jini a farkon. Yawan karatu sun nuna cewa HIV (da kuma yiwuwar maganin rigakafi) na iya hade da haɗuwa da ƙananan mahaifa, ciki har da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan motility. Idan an bar irin wannan mummunan cutar, ba za a iya sanya mace a wata hadari ba tare da wani abu ba ko kadan ba tare da samun damar yin ciki ba.
Da zarar an tabbatar da yin amfani da ƙwayar haihuwa, da farko da damuwa mafi girma shi ne sanya dan uwan aure a kan ART tare da manufar samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Mataimakin mata zai iya gano yadda ake amfani da PrEP don kara rage haɗari, tare da shawarwari irin wannan don nunawa da maganin rigakafi.
Dole ne a dace da jima'i da jima'i ba tare da tsaftacewa ba, ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyoyin bincike da kuma / ko kwayoyin kariya da aka yi amfani da su kamar Fassara Mai sauƙi ko Na farko da amsawa . Dole ne a yi amfani da robar roba a kowane lokaci.
Da zarar an tabbatar da ciki, dole ne a hade mata mace don HIV a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwaji na yau da kullum. Ya kamata a rika kula da shi game da amfani da robaron roba ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon ƙwayar cutar retrovirus ba (ARS) don taimakawa wajen gano yiwuwar cutar HIV.
Ana kuma bada shawarar cewa za a yi gwajin gwaji na biyu a lokacin na uku na ciki, ciki har da kusan makonni 36, ko kuma za a ba da gwaji mai saurin cutar HIV a lokacin aikawa ga waɗanda basu taɓa gwadawa a lokacin bana na uku ba. A yayin da cutar ta kamu da kwayar cutar ta HIV, dole ne a ba da matakai masu dacewa don rage haɗarin lalacewa ta jiki, ciki har da ƙaddamar da ƙwayar maganin rigakafi mai dacewa da kuma la'akari da ɓangaren sashin shararwa.
> Sources:
> Kungiyar hadin gwiwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Rahotanni na UNAIDS World Report AIDS Day 2011." Geneva, Switzerland; ISBN: 978-92-9173-904-2.
> Lamba, M .; Smith, D .; Anderson, G .; et al. "Karfafa tunanin lafiya a cikin ma'aurata na HIV-discord: matsakaicin tasiri na maganin jigilar kwayoyin halitta (PrEP) a Amurka." Jaridar American Journal of Obstetrics da Gynecology . 2011; 204 (6); 488.e1-488.e8.
> Baeten, J .; Donnell, D .; Ndase, P .; et al. "Ciwon maganin cutar kanjamau don maganin rigakafi na HIV a maza da mata," New England Journal of Medicine. Agusta 2, 2012; 367 (5): 399-410.
> Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'ar Amirka da Harkokin Dan Adam (DHHS). "Shawarwari don Amfani da Magungunan maganin kwayar cutar HIV a cikin cutar HIV da 1 na mata don kula da lafiyar uwa da haɗin gwiwa don rage karfin cutar HIV a cikin Amurka." Janairu 16, 2014.
> Rodger, A; Cambiano, V .; Bruun, T; et al. "Ayyukan jima'i ba tare da kundin roba ba kuma hadarin kwayar cutar HIV a cikin 'yan uwan da ke tsakanin' yan uwan auren lokacin da mai cin hanci da kwayar cutar ta HIV ke amfani da maganin magance cutar." Jaridar Ƙungiyar lafiya ta Amirka. Yuli 12, 2016; 31 (2): 171-181.