Wani muhimmin ɓangare na hana atherosclerosis , cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini (CAD) , bugun jini da cututtuka na jijiyoyin jiki , shine kiyaye cikewar cholesterol da triglyceride daga samun girma. Duk da yake wasu mutane na iya cim ma wannan manufa tare da abinci da motsa jiki, mutane da yawa ba za su iya ba. Idan cin abinci da motsa jiki ba su ishe ka ba, ko kuma idan hadarin da ke dauke da cututtuka na zuciya ya fi kyau, likita zai so ka fara shan magani magani.
- Karanta game da tushen tushen cholesterol da triglycerides.
- Karanta yadda za'a fada idan kana bukatar a bi da ku.
A tsawon shekaru, an tsara nau'ikan kwayoyi don magance cholesterol da triglycerides. Duk da yake statins sun zama mafi mahimmanci na magungunan cholesterol-ragewan kwayoyi, yawancin magungunan magungunan sunada amfani da su. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sababbin magungunan maganin jinin jini sun fara shiga cikin asibiti.
Duk abin da aka sanya maka magani, ya kamata ka san wani abu game da ƙayyadadden ƙwayoyi da kake ɗauka. Anan bayanin cikakken bayani game da magungunan likita don maganin jini.
The Statins
Statins sune magungunan maganin cholesterol, don wani dalili mai sauƙi - statins ne kawai nau'i na kwayoyin cholesterol-downering da aka nuna don inganta sakamakon gaske a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da hadarin zuciya na zuciya, kuma musamman a cikin mutanen da suka riga sun sami ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini.
Ka'idodi na kwayoyi sun hana wani enzyme da aka kira HMG-CoA reductase, wanda ya rage yawan hanta na yin cholesterol. Saboda haka statins yana da yawa kuma suna dogara da ƙananan cholesterol da jini da kuma LDL cholesterol matakan.
Statins kuma rage rage ƙwayar cuta na jiki, rage ƙwayar cuta mai kwakwalwa, da kuma inganta aikin jinsin gaba daya.
Yawancin lokuta yawancin sunadaran maganganu, amma illa mai lalacewa ya faru. Babban sakamako mai mahimmanci shine ciwon tsoka ko rauni , wanda aka gani a cikin kashi 5 zuwa 10 na marasa lafiya da suke daukar kwayoyi.
A halin yanzu akwai statins:
- Lipitor (atorvastatin)
- Lescol (fluvastatin)
- Mevacor (lovastatin)
- Livalo (pitavastatin)
- Pravachol (pravastatin)
- Zocor (simvastatin)
- Crestor (rosuvastatin)
PCSK9 Masu hana
Masu kirkirar PCSK9 sune sabon nau'i na ƙwayoyin cholesterol-lowering. Na biyu - Repatha (evolocumab) da Praluent (alirocumab) - sun amince da FDA a karshen shekara ta 2015. Wadannan kwayoyin sunyi aiki ta hana yin amfani da kwayar cutar PCSK9 a hanta, wanda ke haifar da hanta don cire yawancin LDL cholesterol daga wurare dabam dabam. Masu kirkirar PCSK9, waɗanda aka ba su ta hanyar allura, zasu iya fitar da LDL cholesterol zuwa matakan ƙananan, kuma, saboda wannan dalili, sun sami babban sha'awa a tsakanin masu bincike.
Yau ana amfani da wadannan kwayoyi a marasa lafiya tare da hypercholesterolemia na iyali, ko kuma waɗanda suke da LDL cholesterol matakan da suka kasance da girma sosai duk da lura da statins. Abinda suke amfani da shi zai iya fadadawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa kamar yadda muka koya ko za su iya inganta sakamakon asibiti, baya ga matakan cholesterol - kuma ko suna haifar da sakamako mai tsawo.
Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)
Nicotinic acid, nau'i na niacin , ya rage LDL cholesterol kuma yana ƙara matakan cholesterol HDL. A cikin 'yan kwanan nan, an tsara shi sau da yawa don ƙara yawan matakai na HDL. Duk da haka, babban binciken bincike na asibiti ya jefa yawan shakku game da amfanin nicotinic acid. A cikin wannan binciken, ba wai kawai kwayar Nicotinic ba ta kara inganta sakamakon asibiti amma kuma yana iya kara yawan hadarin bugun jini. A yau, ana amfani da acidic nicotinic ne kawai ga marasa lafiya tare da babban matakin LDL cholesterol wadanda basu iya daukar wasu kwayoyi ba.
Gaskiya
Ezetimibe yana rage ƙwayar cholesterol daga hanji, yana haifar da hanta don samun yawancin cholesterol yana buƙatar ta cire shi daga jini.
A sakamakon haka, an rage yawan matakan LDL cholesterol.
Kwalejin gwaji tare da ezetimibe (wanda aka sayar a matsayin Vytorin, da haɗuwa tare da simvastatin kamar Zetia) sunyi mummunan rauni, kuma ba a amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi sosai a cikin aikin likita. An yi amfani dashi mafi yawa a cikin mutanen da ke ci gaba da ci gaba da matakan cholesterol duk da tsarin likita, ko kuma wadanda ba su iya ɗaukar statins.
Bile Acid Sequestrants.
Masu binciken Bile acid sun hana magungunan cholesterol-dauke da bile acid daga intestine. Wannan yana haifar da hanta don cire karin cholesterol daga wurare dabam dabam. Masu bile acid acid ne Questran (cholestyramine), Cholestid (colestipol), da Welchol (colesevelam).
Duk da yake waɗannan kwayoyi sun rage matakan LDL cholesterol, sun kasance suna haifar da sakamako masu illa gastrointestinal da ke iyakance amfaninsu. Haka kuma, kamar sauran ƙwayoyin cholesterol-ragewan kwayoyi, binciken bincike na asibiti ya kasa nuna cewa suna inganta sakamakon.
Anan akwai ƙarin bayani game da cholestyramine , mafi yawan amfani da bile acids.
Fibrates.
Fibrates - Antara (gemfibrozil) da Lopid (cin amana) - sun fi tasiri a rage rukunin jini na triglyceride (ta zuwa 50%). Har ila yau, suna kara yawan matakan cholesterol na HDL da kuma rage matakin LDL cholesterol har zuwa wani matsayi. Ayyukan fibrates suna aiki ne ta hana yin amfani da lipoproteins masu arziki na triglyceride a cikin hanta. Amma, duk da haka, duk da tasirin da suka shafi jini, yawancin gwaje-gwajen da aka bazu sun gaza nuna duk wani cigaba a sakamakon gwaji da fibrates.
Babban amfani da fibrates a yau shi ne magance marasa lafiya da hypertriglyceridemia mai tsanani . Babban sakamako na fibrates shi ne cewa zasu iya haifar da mummunan tsoka, musamman idan aka yi amfani da su.
Kalma Daga
Duk da yake an nuna yawancin magungunan kwayoyi don samun tasirin tasirin cholesterol da matakan triglyceride, kawai an nuna cewa statins ya inganta inganta sakamakon na asibiti. Sharuɗɗan yau da kullum game da magance cholesterol sun iyakance shawarwarin su zuwa ga kwayoyin magunguna - wasu magungunan ba a ba da shawarar ba sai dai a cikin lokuta.
Duk da haka, masu bincike suna jiran sakamakon gwajin gwaji na yanzu da ake gudanarwa tare da masu hana masu kwakwalwa na PCSK9, sabon ƙwayar magungunan da ke da tasiri mai sauƙi na cholesterol.
> Sources:
> Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC / AHA ka'idoji game da maganin Cutar Cholesterol na jini don Rage Ciwon Halitta na Inganci na Inherosclerotic a Manya: Rahoton Cibiyar Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Amirka da Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka ta Harkokin Kasuwanci. Hanya 2014; 129: S1.
> Navarese EP, Kolodziejczak M, Schulze V, et al. Hanyoyin Protiltein Subtilisin / Kexin Type 9 Antibodies a cikin Adult da Hypercholesterolemia: A Review System da Meta-bincike. Ann Intern Med 2015; 163: 40.
> Masu bincike mai zurfi, Boden WE, Probstfield JL, et al. Niacin a cikin marasa lafiya tare da Low HDL Cholesterol Levels karbar m Statin far. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 2255.