Yin canje-canje don kafa salon lafiya mafi kyau - ta hanyar abinci, motsa jiki, ko wasu canje-canje - yana da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye ƙwayar cholesterol da triglyceride lafiya. Wani lokaci, wannan bazai aiki ba, kuma mai bada sabis na kiwon lafiya yana so ya sanya ku a magani.
Yawancin magungunan ƙwayar cholesterol da yawa suna halin yanzu a kasuwar, kuma kowannensu magungunan ya rage ƙwayar cholesterol da / ko triglyceride a hanyoyi daban-daban.
Bugu da ƙari, kowane ɓangaren waɗannan kwayoyi suna amfani da nau'ukan daban-daban na labarun ku. Alal misali, wasu kwayoyi zasu iya zama tasiri a rage ƙananan ƙwayar cholesterol na LDL , yayin da wasu kwayoyi zasu iya ci gaba da kowane nau'in bayanin ku na lipid. A kowane hali, mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai auna nauyin da kuma hadari na kowane magani, kuma zaɓi mafi kyawun maganin kututtuka wanda ya dace maka. Wadannan magunguna ne a halin yanzu a kasuwa:
Statins
Statins, wanda aka fi sani da HMG-CoA rehibitase, sune mafi magungunan ƙwayoyin cholesterol-lowering. Ko da yake sun sami mummunar suna ga wasu daga cikin waɗanda ba a ke so, amma rare, sakamakon lalacewar , sun kulla kowane ɓangaren bayanin ku na lipid.
Statins iya:
- Rage LDL tsakanin kashi 18 da kashi 65
- Ƙara HDL ("cholesterol" mai kyau) har zuwa kashi 5 zuwa 15 bisa dari
- Rage triglycerides ta kashi 7 zuwa kashi 30 cikin dari
Ba wai kawai ka'idodin suna da tasiri ba wajen daidaita dukkan fannoni na bayanin ku na cholesterol, an kuma lura su hana mutuwa da rikitarwa saboda cututtukan zuciya.
Statins kuma suna da mallaka masu kariya masu kariya wanda zai taimaka jinkirin ci gaban atherosclerosis wanda zai iya haifar da cutar cututtukan zuciya. Tare da waɗannan karin amfani na statins, wadannan kwayoyi sune mafi yawan nauyin shan magani na rage yawan ƙwayoyin cholesterol. Ana amfani da kwayoyi masu zuwa kamar statins:
- Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
- Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- Simvastatin (Zocor)
- Lovastatin (Mevacor)
- Pravastatin (Pravachol)
- Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Bile Acid Resins
Biran acid resins rage cholesterol a cikin jini ta hana da bile acid daga yin reabsorbed. Suna yawan aiki a kan LDL cholesterol, rage shi ta tsakanin kashi 15 zuwa 30 cikin dari kuma suna kara girman HDL har zuwa kashi 5. Yawancin lokaci, ƙwayoyin bile acid ba su shawo kan ƙwayoyin cuta - kuma za su iya haifar da matakan triglycerides. Bugu da ƙari, wasu bitamin da kwayoyi ba za a iya ɗauka ba a lokacin da ka dauki bile acid resins, tun da yake shafinsu yana iyakance kuma yana iya sa su zama marasa amfani. Ana amfani da wadannan magunguna kamar yadda resine bile acid ya kasance:
- Cholestyramine (Questran)
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Colesevelam (Welchol)
Fibric Acids
Fibric acid, ko fibrates, sun fi lura da ikon su na rage ƙananan triglycerides, wanda za a iya saukar da su tsakanin kashi 20 zuwa 50 cikin dari. Suna kuma ƙananan matakan LDL tsakanin kashi 5 zuwa 20 cikin dari kuma zai iya ɗaukaka matakan HDL har zuwa kashi 20. An san wannan nau'i na magunguna don samar da mummunan tsoka, musamman idan an hade shi da wasu kwayoyi irin su statins da warfarin (Coumadin). A wannan yanayin, mai bada sabis na lafiyarka na iya yin gyare-gyare na miyagun ƙwayoyi (kamar yadda yake a cikin warfarin).
Wadannan magunguna su ne fibrates:
- Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
- Ƙaramar (Tricor)
Abokan Harkokin Kifi
Ezetimibe a halin yanzu ne kawai magani a cikin wannan ɗalibai kuma yana sa ran matakan LDL cholesterol, rage darajar LDL ta matsakaicin kashi 15 cikin dari. Yawanci, ana amfani da azetimibe tare da statin don tabbatar da tasiri mai karfi lokacin da rage matakan LDL. Ko da yake an nuna waɗannan magunguna don ƙananan LDL, ba a nuna su a kai tsaye don hana ciwon cutar na zuciya ba yayin da ake amfani dashi. Ezetimibe (ZITE) ita ce magani kawai da aka yarda da FDA cikin wannan magani.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Kodayake akwai kayan albarkatun omega-3 masu yawan gaske, samfurori na omega-3 sunadarai sun sami ƙarin gwaji don kimanta tasirin su da aminci.
Wadannan samfurori sun ƙunshi docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) da eicosohexaenoic acid (EPA) kamar abubuwan da aka samo a cikin shaguna, amma waɗannan sunadaran sun fi tsafta kuma sunyi hankali idan aka kwatanta da kariyar kari. Anyi amfani da kayan hawan mai-omega-3 mai amfani a cikin mutane don cimma matsananciyar matakan triglyceride, rage rage triglycerides ta hanyar zuwa kashi 45. A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan kwayoyi guda uku-omega-3 (samfurori samuwa:
PCSK9 Masu hana
Wadannan kwayoyi sun hana furotin PCSK9 daga hulɗa tare da masu karɓa na LDL kuma suna sa su zama kaskantar. Wannan zai ba da damar LDL masu karɓa don ci gaba da aiki ta hanyar cire LDL daga jiki - sakamakon saukar da LDL cholesterol matakin kimanin kashi 50 cikin binciken. Magunguna a cikin wannan aji suna karawa yayin da masu maganin cholesterol na yau da kullum (irin su statins) ba su rage matakan LDL cholesterol ba. Ana amfani dasu tare da abinci mai cike da zuciya kuma ana daukar su tare da statins ko wasu ƙwayoyin cholesterol-lowering. Mutane shan wannan magungunan suna daya daga cikin yanayin likita:
- cututtukan inherosclerotic da ke dauke da jini da / ko zuciya
- asibitocin kiwon lafiya, homozygous ko heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Akwai nazarin da ake yi a yanzu don binciko yiwuwar kwayoyi a cikin wannan aji don rage haɗarin mutuwa ko ciwon zuciya a cikin mutanen da suke ɗaukar su. Drugs a wannan aji sun hada da:
Orphan Drugs
Wasu nau'i mai maƙarai na lipid sunada wajabta ga mutane masu yawa da matakan LDL cholesterol. Wadannan magunguna suna yawanci wajabta a lokuta inda wani yana da yanayin gado wanda zai haifar da matakan da ya kamata a matashi, kuma wasu magunguna - irin su statins - ba su taimakawa matakan LDL ba.
Wasu daga cikin wadannan magunguna na iya haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani, irin su ciwon hanta, saboda haka yawanci suna ba da izini a ƙarƙashin wani shirin na musamman daga masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya da suka saba da magani. Wadannan magunguna ma sun fi sabuwa a kasuwar kuma suna aiki a hanyoyi masu kyau don rage matakan lipid:
- Maƙaryata masu ba da labari: Magunguna a cikin wannan magani sun hada da sashen RNA manzo wanda ya ƙayyade don yin apo B-100, rage adadin apo B-100 da aka yi a jikin. Wannan yana rage adadin VLDL da LDL cholesterol cikin jiki. Wadannan kwayoyi sun hada da Kynamro (mipomersen), wanda ya rage LDL ta kimanin kashi 25.
- Magunguna masu amfani da MTTP: Wadannan kwayoyi sun rage LDL cholesterol ta hanyar hana kwayar cutar canza jiki na kwayoyin triglyceride (MTTP), kwayoyin dake cikin jikin da ke hana VLDL da chylomicrons daga cikin hanta. Juxtapid (lomitapide) ita ce kawai magani da aka yarda a wannan bangare na kwayoyi kuma ya rage LDL ta kimanin kashi 50.
Sources:
Dipiro JT, Talbert RL. Pharmacotherapy: A Approach Pathophysiological, 9th ed 2014.