A duk inda ka juya, ana tunatar da ku don kula da matakin ku na cholesterol, kuma zuwa karami, matakan triglyceride. Cholesterol da triglycerides suna da nau'i biyu na lipid, ko mai, wanda ke gudana a cikin jini. Su ne duka wajibi ne don rayuwa kanta.
Cholesterol yana da mahimmanci don ginawa da kuma rike wasu sassan jikin ku, irin su cellular membranes, da kuma yin sabbin jimloli masu muhimmanci - ciki har da estrogens, progesterones, bitamin D, da steroids.
Ƙwararrun kwayoyi, waxanda suke da sarƙoƙi masu karfi na makamashi, suna samar da yawancin makamashin da ake bukata don yaduwar jikinka. Don haka ba za ku iya rayuwa ba tare da ko dai daga cikin wadannan nau'in lipids.
Amma lokacin da matakan jini na cholesterol ko triglycerides sun yi yawa, haɗarin haɗarin zuciya , bugun jini da kuma jijiyoyin jini na karuwa sosai. Kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kana buƙatar damuwa game da matakan kawan ku.
Bayani
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na cholesterol da triglycerides - tushen tushen abinci da kuma tushen "endogenous" (wanda aka gina cikin jiki). Damaran cholesterol da triglycerides yafi fito daga cin nama da kayan kiwo . Wadannan lipids abincin da ake amfani da su a cikin gut da kuma daga cikin jini zuwa hanta, inda aka sarrafa su.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na hanta shine tabbatar da cewa dukkan jikin jikinka sun karbi dukkanin cholesterol da triglycerides da suke bukatar aiki.
Kullum, bayan kimanin awowi takwas bayan cin abinci, hanta yana ɗaukar cholesterol da abin da ake ciwa da abinci daga jini. A lokutan da ba a samu lipids mai ci abinci, hanta kanta yana samar da cholesterol da triglycerides. A gaskiya ma, kimanin kashi 75 cikin 100 na cholesterol a cikin jikinka yana haɓaka ta hanta.
Hakanan hanta ya sanya cholesterol da triglycerides, tare da sunadarai na musamman, a cikin kwakwalwan ƙwayoyin halitta mai suna lipoproteins , waɗanda aka saki cikin cikin wurare. Cholesterol da triglycerides an cire daga lipoproteins kuma sun kai ga jikin jikinka, duk inda ake bukata.
Ƙananan triglycerides - wadanda ba'a buƙatar da su nan da nan don man fetur - ana adana a cikin kitsoyin mai amfani don amfani da baya. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa yawancin albarkatun da aka adana cikin jikinmu sun samo asali. Saboda akwai iyakance ga yawancin carbohydrates da za mu iya adana a cikin jikinmu, duk wasu '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '. (Wannan ya nuna dalilin da ya sa ya zama mai sauƙi ya zama obese ko da a kan mai cin abinci mara kyau). Abubuwan da aka adana su masu tsafta sun rarraba daga triglycerides kuma sun kone su a matsayin man fetur a lokacin azumi.
Kyakkyawan Cholesterol da kyau
Sau da yawa zaka ji likitoci da masu cin abinci suyi magana game da "nau'i" daban-daban na cholesterol - low lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (abin da ake kira "bad" cholesterol), da kuma lipoprotein high (HDL) cholesterol (ko "kyau" cholesterol). Wannan hanyar da ake magana game da cholesterol wani abu ne mai sauki, amma yana magana da shi ba daidai ba ne.
Magana mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda kowane likitan kirki zai gaya maka, cholesterol kawai cholesterol ne kawai. Ɗaya daga cikin kwayoyin cholesterol yayi kama da wani. Don me me yasa likitoci ke magana game da kyawawan cholesterol da kyau?
Amsar za ta yi da lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins. Cholesterol (da triglycerides) su ne lipids, sabili da haka kar a rushe a cikin ruwa kamar jini. Domin a ɗauke da lipids a cikin jini ba tare da dulluka ba, suna bukatar a kunshe su cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ake kira lipoproteins. Lipoproteins suna soluble a cikin jini, kuma suna ba da damar cholesterol da triglycerides suyi sauƙi ta hanyar jini.
"Halayyar" na daban-daban lipoproteins an ƙaddara ta musamman irin sunadarin sunadarai (wanda ake kira apolipoproteins) wanda ya bayyana akan farfajiya. Lipabrotein metabolism abu ne mai wuya, kuma masana kimiyya suna aiki duk cikakkun bayanai. Duk da haka, yawancin likitoci sun shafi kansu da manyan nau'o'in lipoproteins: LDL da HDL.
LDL Cholesterol - "Bad" Cholesterol. A mafi yawancin mutane, mafi yawa daga cikin cholesterol a cikin jini an kunshe a cikin ƙananan LDL. LlL cholesterol ana kiran shi "mummunan" cholesterol.
Ƙananan matakan LDL cholesterol sun haɗu da haɗari da haɗarin ƙwayar zuciya da bugun jini. Masana da yawa sunyi la'akari da cewa lokacin da LDL cholesterol matakan yayi tsayi, LDL lipoprotein yana da tsayin daka da yalwa ga jini, wanda zai taimaka wajen tada atherosclerosis . Saboda haka, matakin LDL cholesterol shine babban haɗari ga cutar cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini.
Duk da yake babu wata hujja cewa kullun LDL cholesterol ya ba da karfi ga hadarin zuciya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan masana sun fara tambayar ko rage LDL cholesterol matakan da kanta ya rage haɗarin. Musamman, yayin da rage yawan LDL ƙananan cholesterol tare da kwayoyin kwayoyin cututtukan kwayoyi sun rage yawan cututtuka na zuciya, rage girman LDL cholesterol da mafi yawan sauran kwayoyi ba'a nuna su shakka don haka ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wasu masana sun fara tambayar batun maganin cholesterol , kuma me yasa jagororin yau da kullum game da magance cholesterol sun dogara da karfi akan amfani da statins.
"Cholesterol HDL - Kyakkyawan" Cholesterol Yawan jini na jini na HDL cholesterol sune dangantaka da ƙananan cututtukan zuciya, kuma a wasu lokuta, ƙananan zazzaɓin cholesterol suna haɗuwa da haɗari mai yawa saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran "HDL cholesterol" mai kyau "cholesterol.
Ya bayyana cewa HDL lipoprotein "yana" yawo ganuwar jini kuma ya kawar da yawan cholesterol. Saboda haka cholesterol a cikin HDL shine, har zuwa babban nauyin, ƙwayar cholesterol wanda aka cire daga kwayoyin jini da ganuwar jini kuma an dawo da shi zuwa hanta don sake sakewa. Hakan ya fi girma a matsayin matakan cholesterol HDL , mai yiwuwa, ana cire ƙwayar cholesterol daga inda zai iya haifar da lalacewa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ra'ayi cewa HDL cholesterol ya kasance "mai kyau" ya zo karkashin wuta , kuma hakika, yanzu ya bayyana cewa gaskiyar ta fi rikitarwa fiye da "HDL = cholesterol mai kyau". Kamfanonin ƙwayar ƙwayoyi masu aiki da wuya don samar da kwayoyi don ƙaddara matakan HDL, misali, har yanzu sun shiga cikin bango bulo. Da dama kwayoyi da suka samu nasara ga matakan HDL sun kasa inganta ingantacciyar zuciya. Sakamakon haka suna tilasta masana su sake nazarin tunanin su akan HDL cholesterol.
Dalili na Babban Cholesterol
Za a iya haifar da matakin LDL cholesterol ta hanyar da dama dalilai, ciki har da yanayin rashin lafiya irin su iyali hypercholesterolemia . Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cholesterol suna da alaƙa da rashin abinci mara kyau, kiba, salon rayuwa, shekarun, shan taba, da jinsi (matan maza da mata kafin mazaopausal suna da ƙananan cholesterol fiye da maza).
Yawancin yanayin kiwon lafiya, ciki har da ciwon sukari , hypothyroidism , cutar hanta, da kuma rashin cin nasara koda a kullum na iya kara yawan matakan cholesterol. Wasu kwayoyi, musamman steroids da progesterone, na iya yin haka.
Triglycerides da Cardiac Hadarin
Yawancin binciken binciken asibitoci sun nuna cewa samun jini na jini mai zurfin triglyceride - yanayin da ake kira hypertriglyceridemia - yana hade da haɗari na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Duk da yake masana sun yarda da wannan ƙungiya, ba a amince da shi ba cewa matakan triglyceride da aka hawan su ne ainihin hanyar atherosclerosis, kamar yadda ake zaton LDL cholesterol shine. Babu maganganun "triglyceride" da aka yarda da ita.
Duk da haka, babu shakka cewa hypertriglyceridemia yana haɗuwa da haɗari da cututtukan zuciya. Bugu da ƙari, matakan triglyceride masu girma sune fasali mai yawa na wasu yanayi da aka sani don ƙara yawan ƙwayar zuciya. Wadannan sun hada da kiba, salon rayuwa, shan taba, hypothyroidism - musamman ma ciwo mai cututtuka da kuma irin ciwon sukari 2.
Wannan dangantaka ta ƙarshe tana da mahimmanci. Harshen insulin wanda yake nuna halayyar ciwon sukari da kuma irin 2 ciwon sukari ya haifar da wani asali na rayuwa wanda ya haifar da ƙwayar zuciya. Wannan mummunan bayanin martaba ya hada da haɗin hypertriglyceridemia, matakan CRP hawan , matakan LDL cholesterol, da ƙananan matakan cholesterol na HDL. (A gaskiya ma, yawanci shine dangantakar "gani-saw" tsakanin triglyceride da HDL cholesterol matakan - wanda ya fi girma, wanda ya rage da sauran.) Mutanen da ke da halayen insulin sun kasance suna da hauhawar jini da kuma kiba. Haɗarin cutar da cututtukan zuciya na gaba daya yana da yawa.
Bisa la'akari da lamarin haɗari wanda yawanci yakan hade da matakan tiglyceride, ya fahimci cewa masu binciken sun zuwa yanzu ba su iya tattaruwa ba yadda yawancin haɗarin haɗari ya kai ta hanyar hypertriglyceridemia kanta.
Gwaji
Da farko tun yana da shekaru 20, gwaji ga cholesterol da triglycerides an bada shawarar kowace shekara biyar. Kuma idan an sami matakan kawan da za a daukaka, za'a sake gwada gwajin a kowace shekara.
- Karanta game da gwaji ga cholesterol da triglycerides .
Lokacin da za a nemi Jiyya
Yin hukunci a kan ko ya kamata a kula da ku a matsayin babban hawan cholesterol ko matakan high triglyceride, ko wannan magani ya kamata ya hada da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma abin da kwayoyi ya kamata a yi amfani da su ba koyaushe ba ne. Duk da haka, idan an ɗauke ka da ƙwayar zuciya na zuciya, zabin da ake dacewa akan matakan ka lipid zai iya rage yiwuwar samun ciwon zuciya, ko ma mutuwa ba da gangan ba. Don haka idan ya dace da magance cholesterol da triglycerides, yana da muhimmanci a samu shi daidai.
Kuna iya karantawa a nan game da tunanin yanzu akan lokacin da kuma yadda za a zabi zafin magani ga jini .
Kalma Daga
Ƙananan matakan LDL cholesterol da triglycerides suna da haɗari da haɗari da mummunar cutar cututtukan zuciya. Duk da yake akwai rikice-rikice game da yadda girman matakan cholesterol da kuma matakan triglyceride suka haifar da cututtukan zuciya, babu wata hujja game da wannan: Idan an dauke girman dancin ku na zuciya dole ku rage shi; kuma ƙari, matakan da kuke ɗauka don rage ƙananan ƙwayoyin lipids zai rage ƙananan ƙwayar zuciyarku. Saboda haka, bari masana suyi jayayya game da hanyoyin da cholesterol da triglycerides ke hade da cututtukan zuciya. Ya kamata ku maida hankalin yin la'akari da matakan da aka tabbatar don rage kashinku, haɗarin mutum.
> Sources:
> Ford, ES, Li, C, Zhao, G, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia da Ciwon Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Pharmacologic Daga cikin Ƙasar Amirka. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 572.
> NJ NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC / Dokokin Sharuɗɗa a kan maganin Cutar Cholesterol na jini don Rage Ciwon Halitta na Inganci na Inherosclerotic a Adult: Rahoton Cibiyar Kwalejin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Nahiyar Amirka da Amirka. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013.