A cikin 'yan kwanan nan, dalilin da ya sa likitoci sun wajabta magani ga cholesterol shine "ƙananan ƙwayar cholesterol." Idan ƙwaƙashin jini na cholesterol ya kasance "mai girma," likita zai iya ba da shawarar magani-watakila tare da sauye-sauyen rayuwa, irin su abinci da motsa jiki, ko watakila tare da daya daga magunguna daban-daban don rage yawan ƙwayoyin cholesterol .
Shekaru da yawa na bincike na asibiti, duk da haka, ya jagoranci masana don tabbatar da cewa wannan kuskure ne. A cikin shekara ta 2013, ƙungiyar masana'antu daga Cibiyar Zuciya ta Amirka da Cibiyar Kwayar Kimiyya ta Amirka ta buga su. Wadannan sharuɗɗa sun bada shawara kan hanyar da za a bi don magance cholesterol.
Yau, shawarwarin maganin ba a dogara ne kawai akan matakan cholesterol, amma, a kan yanayin da ke dauke da cutar na zuciya. Za a dauki nauyin ƙwayar cholesterol, amma kawai a matsayin daya daga cikin dalilai masu yawa da ke ƙayyade ƙwayar zuciya.
To, wajibi ne a bi a bi?
Don sake gwadawa, bisa ga jagorori na 2013, ko kuna buƙatar a bi da ku ya dogara da yawan ƙimar ku don bunkasa cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Duk da yake matakin LDL na cholesterol yana taimakawa wajen wannan hadarin, haɗarinka zai iya zama babban ko girman LDL matakin ko a'a.
Bayyana ainihin haɗarinka shine likitanku zai buƙaci la'akari da tarihin lafiyarku, jarrabawar jiki, kuma a, sakamakon binciken ku.
Da zarar wannan ya faru, likita ya sanya ka zuwa ɗaya daga cikin halayen haɗari guda biyar:
Category 1: Kuna cikin wannan rukuni idan an riga an san ku da atherosclerosis wanda ya haifar da matsala na asibiti. Category 1 ya hada da mutanen da suka yi ɗayan waɗannan:
- cutar cututtuka (CAD) wanda ya haifar da angina , ko infarction na sirri (ciwon zuciya), ko kuma ya buƙaci magani tare da tsigewa ko yin tafiya tiyata
Category 2: Category 2 ya hada da mutanen da ke da LDL cholesterol matakan fiye da 189 mg / dL. Yawancin mutane a cikin Category 2 suna da ɗaya daga cikin siffofin iyali na hypercholesterolemia. Hakanan, wannan ita ce kadai nau'i wanda aka bada magani ne kawai saboda yawan matakan cholesterol sune "maɗaukaki".
Category 3: Category 3 ya hada da mutanen da ke da shekaru 40 zuwa 75 wadanda ke da ciwon sukari , kuma waɗanda basu cikin Categories 1 ko 2.
Category 4: Category 4 ya haɗa da mutanen da ba su cikin kowane nau'i uku na farko, amma wadanda lamarin haɗari na zuciya ya sanya su cikin hadarin cutar cututtukan zuciya. Musamman, waɗannan sune mutanen da suke da mummunar haɗari na ciwon ciwon zuciya (kamar ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini) yana da kalla 7.5% a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa. Don taimakawa wajen kwatanta haɗarinku na shekaru goma, NHLBI ya samar da mahimmanci mai haɗari kan layi a nan.
Category 5: Kashi na 5 ya hada da duk wanda bai dace da jimloli hudu ba. Wadannan mutane suna fama da cututtukan zuciya kuma basu buƙatar magani.
Wa ke Bukata a Yi Bi? Kowane mutum a cikin Categories 1 - 4 yana da babban haɗari na ƙwayar magungunan zuciya na zuciya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma suna buƙatar a bi da su da haɗari don rage haɗarin su.
Abin da ake jiyya ne?
Bayanai na 2013 game da cholesterol sun yi nuni a kan abin da aka bada shawara ga mutanen da ke cikin ƙananan haɗari. Ganin cewa ka'idodin tsofaffin sun jaddada rage yawan cholesterol don magance matsalolin maganin, sababbin jagororin ba su. Maimakon haka, suna jaddada rage karfin ciwon zuciya kamar yadda aka bada shawarar ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cholesterol. Wannan ragowar haɗari yana dogara ne akan sauye-sauyen salon rayuwa, da kuma yin amfani da kwayoyin magunguna .
Tattaunawa kewaye da Category 4
Mutanen da suke a cikin Categories 1 zuwa 3 ba tare da wata hujja suna da haɗari sosai na bunkasa matsalolin zuciya ba, kuma suna buƙatar samun farfadowa don rage wannan hadarin.
An kafa sashen 4, a gefe guda, don gano mutanen da suke cikin haɗari mai girma, amma hadarin da yake da ɗan ƙasa, da kuma ɗan ƙaramin bayyane, fiye da a cikin sassa uku na farko. Ma'anar wanda ya kamata a saka shi a cikin Category 4, sabili da haka, yana da wata hanya mai sassauci kuma za ta kasance a fili ga zargi.
Akwai nau'i biyu na zargi da aka yi game da Category 4. Na farko da'awar cewa Category 4 ya hada da mutane da yawa. Wadannan masu sukar suna nuna cewa ƙaddamar da lissafi wanda aka samar da NHLBI yana mai da hankali kan shekarun. Saboda wannan dalili, mutane da dama da suka wuce shekaru 60 zasu sami kansu a kusa da kusan kashi 7.5%. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ka ce waɗannan masu sukar suna da hatsari mai shekaru 10 da kashi 7.5% kanta. Maganin maganin magani a baya sun fi kula da kusan kashi 10%. Yayin da suke rage yawan cututtukan cututtuka zuwa kashi 7.5%, sun ce, suna ƙara "mutane da yawa" zuwa lissafin kulawa.
Harshen na biyu game da Category 4, ba abin mamaki bane, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba'a isa mutane ba a cikin lissafin kulawa. Wadannan masu sukar suna nuna cewa ƙaddamarwar lamarin na NHLBI ya ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwa masu haɗari waɗanda aka "tabbatar" a cikin gwaji na asibitoci don taimakawa sosai ga cututtukan zuciya: shekaru, LDL, da kuma HDL cholesterol, ko a halin yanzu smoker, da kuma ko wanda ya tayar da jini na systolic. Ya bar wasu matsalolin haɗari waɗanda aka yarda da su a matsayin masu mahimmanci, amma waɗanda ba su dace da ka'idodin NHLBI ba don haɗuwa. Irin waɗannan abubuwa masu haɗari sun haɗa da tarihin iyali na cututtukan zuciya ba tare da cutar ba, da tarihin taba shan taba, matakan CRP mai girma , salon rayuwa, da kuma maganin maganin maganin jini na zuciya . Idan wadannan abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa, yawancin mutane zasu hadu da ka'idoji.
Irin wannan rikici-ko Category 4 ya hada da mutane da yawa ko kuma 'yan karamar mutane - yana da muhimmiyar shawara ga duk wani shawarwarin wanda sashen masana suka yanke shawarar yanke ƙaddamarwa.
Ko dai lamarin haɗarin mutum ya isa ya dace don tabbatar da magani ya kamata, akalla a wani bangare, da za a bari ga mai haƙuri da likita. Mene ne hadarin da mutum yake so ya yarda da ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa? 7.5%? 10% Wasu wasu darajar? Shin za a yarda da lissafin ƙaddarcin NHLBI a darajar fuska, ko kuma ya kamata a riƙa ɗaukar ƙarin matsalolin haɗari a yanke shawara akan magani?
Yana da kyau ga kwamitin gwani don yin shawarwari game da wannan. Amma ga tambayoyin kamar wannan, wanda ya kamata a ƙayyade shi ta hanyar mutum, waɗannan shawarwari ba za su kasance masu ɗauri ba. Dole a yanke shawarar yanke shawarar ko a bi da ita ga likitoci da marasa lafiya.
> Sources:
Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC / AHA tsarin jagorancin maganin cutar cholesterol na jini don rage halayen cutar na zuciya na zuciya a asherosclerotic: Rahoton Cibiyar Kwalejin Kwayoyin Kwalejin Nahiyar Amirka da Amirka. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013.