Sakamakon su ne mafi muni ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV
Yayinda halayen shan taba suna sananne ga duk wanda ya haskaka taba, to lallai sun kasance mafi muni ga mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV.
Ka yi la'akari, a gefe guda, cewa kwayar cutar ta HIV tana haifar da mummunan ciwon da zai haifar da ƙananan cututtuka na cutar HIV da kuma marasa lafiya na HIV. Yanzu kara da nauyin shan taba da tasirinsa akan lambobin huhu, zuciya, da sauran kwayoyin halitta, kuma yana da sauƙi a ga dalilin da yasa ake ganin cigaban cigaba a yau shine wanda ya fi dacewa da rashin lafiyar jiki da kuma rashin mutuwa a cikin wadanda ke fama da cutar HIV-har ma wadanda cikakken maganin maganin antiretroviral .
Abin da ya sa hakan ya fi dacewa shine gaskiyar shan taba tsakanin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a Amurka shine sau biyu na yawan jama'a. Kuma yayin da dalilai na wannan yafi yawa, daya daga cikin mahimman asali shi ne rashin gazawar cutar HIV a matsayin wani ɓangare na kulawa na farko.
Yawancin lokaci ana cutar da cutar kanjamau, tare da marasa lafiya da likitoci sau da yawa sukan sanya dukkanin matakan kiwon lafiyar juna. Don haka, maimakon haɗawa da cessation shan taba tare da kulawa da kuma kula da cutar HIV, muna mayar da hankali ga samun kwarewar kwayar cutar ta mutum zuwa matakan da ba a iya ganewa ba kuma ya bar batun shan taba zuwa wata rana.
Ba za mu iya yin haka ba. A yau, nazarin bayan binciken ya nuna cewa shan taba ba wai kawai ya rage rai mai rai ba ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, yana kara yawan haɗarin rashin lafiya da kuma watsa cutar.
1. Mutane da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV suna wuce shekaru masu yawa don shan taba maimakon cutar HIV
Kodayake ko kuna da cutar kanjamau ko a'a, bincike daga jami'ar Copenhagen ya kammala cewa shan taba a matsayin wani lamarin haɗari mai zaman kanta yana haɗuwa da rashi na rayuwa fiye da shekaru 12.3 idan aka kwatanta da masu shan taba a cikin jama'a.
Binciken, wanda ya hada da mutane 2,921 tare da HIV da mutane 10,642 wadanda basu da cutar, sun kara da cewa kwayar mutuwa a cikin masu shan taba da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV fiye da sau uku ne fiye da wadanda suka kamu da cutar ba.
Lokacin da aka kwatanta shan taba da wadanda ba tare da shan taba ba tare da shan kwayar cutar HIV, to, rashin daidaito ya zama mafi girma.
Bisa ga binciken da aka yi, binciken rai na dan shekaru 35 da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ya kai shekaru 62.6 idan aka kwatanta da shekarun 78.4 ga wadanda ba su da fuka da kwayar cutar HIV-hasara fiye da shekaru 16.
2. Shan taba yana kara yawan ƙwayar cutar Ciwon daji
An riga an danganta shan taba mai rikitarwa da kuma ciwon huhu a kan taba shan taba, kuma tasirinsa akan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ana ganin sun zama mafi hatsari fiye da tunanin da suka gabata.
Wani bincike mai zurfi da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amirka ta gudanar ya dubi yawan ciwon daji da ke cikin masu fama da cutar kanjamau 7,294 tare da kwayar cutar HIV da 75,750 smokers ba tare da HIV ba. A cikin rahotonsu, masu bincike sun yanke shawarar cewa cutar kutsawa ta kusan kusan sau biyu a cikin yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a yayin da aka kwatanta da yawan mutanen da ke shan taba, kuma akwai cigaba da karuwa 14 a cikin masu cutar shan taba a cikin mahaifa.
Abin da ya sa lamarin ya zama mafi banbanci shi ne cewa waɗannan ƙananan sun faru ba tare da la'akari da yawan CD4 na mutum ba , kayan aikin hoto , tarihin cutar, ko kuma mutumin ya kasance a kan maganin antiretroviral .
Rashin mutuwa a tsakanin masu shan taba da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ya fi girma, tare da kashi 10 cikin dari na rayuwa kan cutar kanjamau idan aka kwatanta da kashi 40 na masu shan taba a cikin jama'a.
3. Rashin Zuciyar Zuciya da Rashin Kashewa Biyu ne
Ko shan taba ko ba haka ba, cututtukan zuciya suna ci gaba da damuwa ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar HIV. Bisa ga umarnin gwamnatin Amurka, shan taba a matsayin mai haɗarin haɗari mai haɗari yana haɗuwa da sau biyu a cikin hadarin zuciya na zuciya ga mutanen da ke dauke da cutar HIV idan aka kwatanta da yawan jama'a.
Wannan ya zama gaskiya ko da ga mutanen da ke ci gaba da maganin maganin rigakafi (ART) , tare da bincike na 2016 da masu bincike a Massachusetts General Hospital suka kammala cewa, ART ba shi kadai ba ne don rage girman kumburi da ke dauke da cututtukan zuciya.
Idan kai mutum ne da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar HIV, abin da ya faru ya fi muni, tare da sau biyu hadarin ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV da basu taɓa shan taba ba.
Wannan ba ya nufin, duk da haka, cewa abubuwa baza a juya su ba. Irin wannan binciken ya nuna cewa ta hanyar dakatar da taba, haɗarin cututtukan zuciya mai tsanani sun ragu ta kusan rabin a cikin shekaru uku.
4. Masu shan taba suna da cututtuka da cutar cututtuka da cututtuka
Ciwon daji na ƙwayar cuta, musamman ciwon sankarar mahaifa (ICC) , an dade yana da rashin lafiya daga Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. Hakazalika, ciwon daji da aka gani a cikin yawancin jama'a, yana faruwa ne a kan yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) .
Kwayar papillomavirus ɗan adam (HPV) tana haɗuwa da waɗannan ciwon daji guda biyu, tare da wasu ƙananan "hadarin" hadarin inganta cigaban ciwon daji na rigakafi-wanda, a ɗayansa, zai iya ci gaba zuwa Cutar ICC da ciwon daji.
Ba wai kawai shan taba ba zai canza yanayin yanayin HPV ba kuma ya kara yawan halayen wadannan cututtuka, ya haɗa nauyin wadannan cututtuka a cikin kwayoyin cutar HIV-tare da yawan karuwar ninki 15 na hadarin ciwon sankarar mahaifa a cikin mata da karuwar kashi 40 a cikin hadarin ciwon daji a cikin MSM idan aka kwatanta da yawancin jama'ar Amurka.
Bugu da ƙari, haɗarin bunkasa samfurin HPV (alal misali, warts na wando, raunuka masu rigakafi) ya bayyana ya zama mai tsanani da shan taba a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV. Nazarin shekarar 2013 daga masu bincike a Jami'ar Washington a Seattle ya nuna cewa za'a iya samun karuwar sau uku a karɓar sayen HPV tsakanin MSM da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV wadda ke shan taba akan MSM mai cutar HIV wanda bai taɓa shan taba ba.
5. Shan taba yana kara haɗarin Ruwa HIV zuwa jaririnka
Dukansu a cikin ci gaba da kasashe masu tasowa, maganin likita don hana mahaifiyar yaduwar cutar HIV (PMTCT) sun kasance mai tasiri sosai.
A Amurka, yawancin abin ya faru ya kai kimanin 100 a kowace shekara, koda kuwa a Afirka ta Kudu-kasar da yawancin cututtuka na HIV a duk duniya - mun ga saurin yanayi ya sauke daga kashi 30 cikin 100 kafin qaddamar da PMTCT a shekara ta 2001 zuwa kashi 2.7 bisa dari na shekarar 2010.
Duk da haka, nasarar da aka gani akan yawancin jama'a ba dole ba ne ya kasance daidai da abin da ke faruwa a kan kowane mutum idan mahaifiyar kwayar cutar HIV ta sha. Binciken bincike mai zurfi da masu bincike a Kwalejin Kwararrun Matasa da jaririn (shekaru hudu, binciken da aka gudanar a Brooklyn da Bronx, na Birnin New York), sun bincika abubuwan shan taba a cikin karuwar cutar HIV.
Abinda suka gano shine mahaifiyar masu juna biyu da kwayar cutar HIV da suke shaye-haye bayan ƙaddarar farko sun sami karuwar sau uku a cikin hadari na watsa kwayar cutar HIV zuwa ga jarirai idan aka kwatanta da takwarorin da ba su shan taba ba bayan farkon farkon shekaru uku.
Wadannan ƙarar suna haɗuwa da ƙaddamarwar ƙwayar murya. Musamman ma iyaye waɗanda ba a bi da su ba a kan HIV kafin a ba su (ko basu da cikakkiyar nauyin hoto na hoto ba tare da maganin su ba), irin wannan rushewa zai iya ƙaruwa ƙwarai da gaske na watsawa ga ba a haifa ba.
Sources:
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