Ƙungiyar HIV da ke Rarraba da Ci gaban Ciwo
Bayan shekaru uku bayan bayyanar cutar AIDS a Amurka, masana kimiyya uku, Robert Gallo , Luc Montagnier, da kuma Francoise Barre-Sinoussi , sun gano cutar da ta haifar da rashin lafiyar rashin ciwo, HIV.
Shekaru da yawa daga baya, an samo wani sabon nau'i a cikin wani namiji da ke zaune a Afirka, wanda ke da bambancin bambancin da ya bambanta da wanda aka ware a Turai da Arewacin Amirka.
A sakamakon haka, an kira cutar ta asali HIV-1 yayin da ake kira sabon kwayar cutar HIV-2 .
A cikin ilimin halitta, ƙwayar shine kawai bambancin kwayoyin halittar kwayar halitta wadda ta kebantacce. Abubuwan daidaituwa zasu iya kasancewa amma sun kasance kwayoyin halitta marasa kyau. Yayin da ake magana da juna, kwayar cutar HIV-2 ita ce kwayar cutar ta HIV wadda ba ta da yawa da wasu bambance-bambance masu rarrabe.
Ta yaya HIV-1 da HIV-2 suke?
Duk da bambance-bambance a cikin tarihin su, HIV-1 da HIV-2 suna raba abubuwan da suka biyo baya:
- Hanyoyin watsawa iri ɗaya ne (saduwa da jima'i, hulɗar jini da jini, aikawa tsakanin uwa da uwa ).
- Mutane da ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV-2 sun kasance masu kamuwa da cututtuka kamar yadda waɗanda ke fama da HIV-1.
- HIV da 1 da HIV-2 suna bi da su tare da magunguna guda daya.
- Ana iya amfani da gwajin CD4 guda don saka idanu HIV-1 da cutar HIV-2.
Yaya cutar HIV-1 da HIV-2 ta bambanta?
Akwai kuma bambancin bambance-bambance tsakanin HIV-1 da HIV-2.Daga su:
- Kwayar cutar HIV-2 tana da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta , kullum yana rage tsarin rigakafi a hankali fiye da HIV-1.
- Mutane da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV-2 sun kasance marasa lafiya a farkon lokacin cutar yayin da aka kwatanta da wadanda ke dauke da HIV-1.
- Kodayake, HIV-2 yana da kamuwa da cuta a cikin lokuta masu fama da cututtuka lokacin da adadin CD4 ya sauka a ƙasa 200 kwayoyin / mL.
Kwayar cutar HIV-2 tana karuwa sosai a wasu sassa na duniya idan aka kwatanta da HIV-1 (ko da yake tafiya na duniya ya ba da izinin fadada rarrabawar duniya)
Kwayar gwajin bidiyo da ke amfani da cutar HIV-1 ba abin dogara ne ga mutanen dake dauke da cutar HIV-2.
- Wasu magungunan maganin rigakafi sunyi aiki da kyau ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV-2 ko da yake wannan yana da dangantaka da tsofaffin kwayoyi fiye da sababbin.
A ina ne a cikin duniya akwai HIV-2 mafi yawa?
Kwayar cutar HIV-2 tana da hankali sosai a kasashen Afirka ta Yamma irin su Senegal, Najeriya, Ghana da kuma Ivory Coast. A baya, an bayar da rahoton ƙananan ƙananan wurare a waje, amma waɗannan lambobi suna canza saurin, musamman a cikin kasashen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV da 2 da ke da sha'awa ga matafiya na duniya ko wadanda ke da karuwar baƙi daga kasashen HIV-2.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin duka kwayoyin cutar HIV da 1 da HIV-2 sune ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, subtypes ("clades"), da kuma sub-subtypes , wanda hakan ya kara yawan bambancin cutar. Wannan bambancin ne wanda ke haifar da cutar HIV a matsayin "makircin motsi" ga masu bincike da suke ƙoƙari su ƙirƙirar maganin alurar rigakafin da zai iya magance dukan ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman.
A halin yanzu akwai kungiyoyi guda takwas na HIV-2, ko da yake kawai subtypes A da B suna dauke da annoba.
An yi imani da cewa cutar HIV-2 tana da nau'i nau'i daga nau'i na SIV wanda ke amfani da sogo mangabeys biri a kai tsaye ga mutane.
Sashe na HIV-2 A mafi yawancin ana gani a Afirka ta Yamma, kodayake tafiya ta duniya ya haifar da ƙananan litattafan da aka rubuta a Amurka, Turai, Brazil da Indiya. Ya bambanta, ana saran kamfanonin HIV-2 na B a wasu sassa na Yammacin Afrika.
Ya bambanta, HIV-1 yana da ƙungiyoyi hudu da yawancin subtypes da suka fi girma a yankuna daban-daban da kungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da maza da suka yi jima'i da maza da masu amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi .
Kalma Daga
A baya, kasancewar gwajin gwajin HIV-2 ta iyakance ne kawai kuma samuwa ta musamman ne kawai.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, duk da haka, an sake gwaje-gwajen sababbin jinsin (ciki har da Alere Determining Combo ) a kasuwa, iya gwada gwajin HIV da 1 kawai da HIV-2 amma ga kwayoyin cutar HIV da antigens.
Ko kuna gwada tabbatacce ga HIV-1 da HIV-2, yana da muhimmanci a koyaushe ku sami likita mai ƙwarewa na HIV wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance abin da magani zai fi dacewa don magance lafiyar ku. Ana iya yin haka tare da gwajin jini wanda zai iya ƙayyade halittar kwayar cutarku, da kuma gano antigens musamman akan HIV-1 ko HIV-2.
Gwaje-gwaje za su tsara ainihin maye gurbin da ke ba da maganin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi cikin nau'o'in maganin cutar HIV. Ta hanyar ban da magungunan da ba su aiki da kuma adana wadanda ke yin haka, za a iya tabbatar da ku mafi kyau magance sakamakon duk abin da ya faru na kamuwa da cuta.
> Sources;
> de Cock, K. et. al. "Cutar cutar da cutar HIV-2: dalilin da yasa babu kwayar cutar HIV-2"; JAMA. 1993; 270 (17): shafi 2083-2086.
> Palm A .; Esbjörnsson, J .; Månsson, F .; et al. "Yunkuri da yawa ga cutar kanjamau da cutar AIDS a tsakanin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar da cutar HIV-1 A3 / CRF02_AG idan aka kwatanta da subtype A3." Jaridar cututtukan cututtuka. Maris 1, 2014; 209 (5): 721-728.
> Abecasis, A .; Wensig, A; Paraskevis, D .; et al. "Sakamakon cututtuka na HIV-1 da alƙaluma na alƙaluma a cikin sababbin marasa lafiya a Turai suna nuna rashin lafiya sosai." Rikici. Janairu 14, 2013; 10: 7; Doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.
> Abecasis, A .; Wensig, A; Paraskevis, D .; et al. "Sakamakon maganin cutar HIV-1 da yawancin mutanen da aka gano a cikin marasa lafiya a Turai suna nuna rashin lafiya sosai." Rikici. Janairu 14, 2013; 10: 7; Doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.