Kuna iya jin lokacin hypoxia lokacin da likita ya tattauna yanayin lafiyar ku. Mene ne ainihin hypoxia, menene alamomi da alamomi, kuma menene yiwuwar sa?
Bayani
Hypoxia tana nufin "low oxygen," amma an bayyana matsayin rashi a cikin adadin oxygen da ya kai kyallen takalmin jikin. Ya bambanta da hypoxemia, wanda ke nufin rashin isashshen oxygen da ke tafiya cikin jini.
Hypoxia na iya zama saboda hypoxemia, alal misali, idan rashin isasshen oxygen ya kai kyallen takalmin saboda akwai rashin isasshen oxygen a cikin jini, ko kuma yana iya zama saboda wasu dalilai.
Rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin kyallen takalma ma an san shi kamar "yunwa na oxygen." Idan cikakken rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen yana faruwa a cikin kyallen takarda, ana kiran shi maixia.
Hypoxia zai iya shafar jiki duka (jigilar hypoxia na kowa), ko kuma takamaiman sashin jiki ko sassan jiki (sanadin nama). Har ila yau ana iya ƙididdige shi a matsayin mai raɗaɗi ko na ci gaba, tare da ma'anar ma'anar ma'ana sosai, kuma ma'ana ma'ana cewa hypoxia yana gudana na dan lokaci.
Iri
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, akwai nau'o'in hypoxia ko dalilan da basu isa isasshen oxygen a jikin jikin ba. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Hypoxia hypoxia (hypoxemic hypoxia): A cikin irin wannan hypoxia, kyallen takarda ba su da isasshen oxygen saboda rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin jinin da ke gudana zuwa kyallen. Hypoxia hypoxic zai iya haifar da rashin isasshen numfashi da kuma sauran dalilai.
- Hawan hypoxia: A cikin kafa na anemia, matakan haemoglobin marasa ƙarfi sun haifar da rage yawan jini don ɗaukar oxygen wanda aka hura a ciki, sabili da haka, samar da oxygen samuwa ga kyallen takarda. Za a iya haifar da cututtuka ta hanyar da yawa yanayi.
- Spopoxia mai ƙyama (circulatory hypoxia): Wannan nau'in hypoxia yana haifar da rashin isasshen jini, wanda zai haifar da rashin oxygen samuwa ga kyallen takarda.
- Hypoxia Tarihin Tarihi: Tare da hypoxia na tarihi, akwai isasshen iskar oxygen a cikin ƙwayoyin jikin da aka kawo zuwa kyallen takarda, amma kyallen takarda baza su iya yin amfani da iskar oxygen ba.
- Metabolic hypoxia: Madaba mai cutar mota yana faruwa a lokacin da ake bukatar oxygen ta kyallen takarda fiye da saba. Oxygen za a iya tunawa, hawa, da kuma amfani dashi ta hanyar kyallen takalma, amma saboda yanayin da ke kawo metabolism, har yanzu bai isa ba. Misali na wannan shi ne sepsis (mummunan kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani).
Cutar cututtuka
Alamun da alamun hypoxia na iya bambanta tsakanin mutane daban-daban, da kuma tsawon lokacin da alamun sun kasance. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
- Dizziness ko fainting ( syncope )
- Rawancin numfashi ( dyspnea )
- Rashin jituwa, damuwa, da / ko rashin hukunci
- Ciwon kai
- Rapid zuciya zuciya (tachycardia)
- Babban hawan numfashi (tachypnea)
- Euphoria da jin dadin zaman lafiya
- Tingling, jin dadi
- Hawan jini mai karfin jini (hauhawar jini)
- Rashin daidaituwa
- Canje-canjen Kayayyakin Kayayyaki, kamar hangen nesa
- Rawanin jini mai yawan jini ( polycythemia ) a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da hypoxia
- Kyakkyawan tinge zuwa lebe da tsauri ( cyanosis)
Hanyoyin
Sassan da suka shafi hypoxia sune kwakwalwa, zuciya, da hanta.
Idan hypoxia yana da tsanani, lalacewar ba zai iya fara cikin minti huɗu na farko ba. Tashi, kamewa, da mutuwa na iya faruwa a lokuta masu tsanani. Kwanan lokaci, mai cutar mai tsanani zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga manyan kwayoyin jikin.
Yayin da cutar ta mai tsanani, alamun cututtuka sun haɗa da haɗarin motsa jiki da rashin hukunci. Saboda wadannan bayyanar cututtuka, wani mutum da ke dauke da hypoxia wani lokaci ana zaton ya zama barasa da barasa.
Gwanin hypoxia na yau da kullum yana nuna cewa akwai cututtuka daban-daban, irin su gajiya, rashin tausayi, jinkirin lokacin jinkiri, ko rage aikin aiki.
Dalilin
Ba abin mamaki bane cewa cututtuka na huhu suna da mahimmin hanyar hypoxia, amma akwai wasu dalilai da dama.
Wasu dalilai na musamman nau'in hypoxia sun hada da:
Sanadin Hypoxic Hypoxia
Akwai matsaloli daban-daban na hypoxia dangane da injin da abin da ke rage nau'in jikin. Wadannan abubuwa zasu iya sauya bakan daga matsala a matakin zuciya zuwa wasu dalilai na likita kamar tafiya zuwa yanki inda tsawo ya fi yadda yake a gida.
- Maganin Altitude: Hukumar ta FAA ta bada shawarar karin iskar oxygen don tafiya sama da mita 10,000 da fiye da mita 6,000 a daren (saboda hangen nesa mai kula da rashin oxygen).
- Yanayin huhu : rashin isasshen musayar iska a cikin huhu saboda cututtuka irin su COPD , fuka , ciwon huhu na huhu , ciwon huhu , cutar kututtukan jini , da hauhawar jini .
- Maganin haɗuwa: Hanyoyin kamuwa da iska yana nufin "ba numfashi ba." Wannan na iya zama "tsakiya" idan kwakwalwa ba ya gaya wa huhu don numfashi, kamar su a lokacin da ake fama da cutar, saboda rauni ko raunin kansa, a matsayin sakamako na maganin magunguna don ciwo, ko a matsayin maganin kwayoyi marasa amfani. Hakanan zai iya kasancewa "na gefe" saboda haɗarin iska wanda yake rikitarwa da numfashi, irin su raguwa (lokacin da jiki na waje ya zauna a cikin trachea ko manyan hanyoyi na huhu), nutsarwa, damuwa, ko kuma a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya idan aka dakatar da numfashi. .
Dalilin Anemic Hypoxia
- Mutuwar wani abu: Wannan na iya haɗa da anemia ta baƙin ƙarfe, anemia mai lalata , da kuma anemia mai cutar chemotherapy .
- Gubar da jini: Rawan jini zai iya zama bayyananne, kamar daga raunin da ya faru a hadarin, ko kuma boye saboda jini na ciki.
- Methemoglobinemia: Methemoglobinemia, wanda aka fi sani da suna hypoxia, yana da halayen haemoglobin wanda ba ya ɗaukar iskar oxygen sosai.
- Cutar guba na monoxide: Tare da guba na monoxide na carbon , haemoglobin ba zai iya ɗaukar oxygen ba.
Dalili na Harkokin Watsa Lafiya / Mahimmancin Hypoxia
- Edema: Edema , kumburi daga cikin kyallen (kamar daga cututtukan zuciya ), zai iya iyakar ikon oxygen da ke cikin jini don isa ga kyallen takarda.
- Ischemic hypoxia: Rage ga jini na ɗauke da iskar oxygen, kamar daga jini a cikin maganin jini ( ciwon zuciya ), zai iya hana yaduwa daga samun oxygen.
Sanadin Harkokin Cutar Dattiya
- Cyanide guba
Gwada Dokokin Doctor naka
Akwai gwaje-gwaje da dama daban-daban da likitanku zai iya yin umurni don ganewa akan dalilin da yasa kake fuskantar bayyanar cututtukan oxygen (ƙananan oxygen a cikin kyallen jikinka,) Ko da an san sanadin hypoxia, dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma nazarin rediyo An yi amfani dashi don samun kyakkyawar hanyar bayyanar cututtuka. Wasu gwaje-gwaje da za a iya yi idan kana da hypoxia sun hada da:
- Oximetry (tare da magungunan bugun jini) don saka idanu a matakin jinin oxygen.
- Tsarin jini na jini don kimanta yanayin ku na numfashi da na rayuwa.
- Yin gwajin jini: Labarin jarrabawan da aka kaddara Mya hada da cikakken jini ( CBC ) don neman anemia (ƙananan jinin jini) ko alamun kamuwa da cuta.
- EKG don bincika duk wani alamu na lalacewa na zuciya, ko kuma abin da bai dace ba.
- X-ray ko CT na kirjinka don bincika cututtuka na huhu, pneumothorax, ko kamuwa da cuta.
- Bronchoscopy don bincika jiki na waje ko wata hanyar da ta hana shi a cikin hanyoyi, irin su kyamara.
- CT ko MRI na kai don neman abubuwan da ke cikin kwakwalwa wanda zai iya rage numfashi irin su ciwace-ciwacen jini, da jini, ko shanyewar jiki.
- Echocardiogram don kiyaye motsin zuciya da kuma neman lalacewa ko rashin hauka a zuciyar ko kwakwalwa na zuciya.
Jiyya
Yin maganin hypoxia zai dogara ne akan ainihin dalilin. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, akwai yanayi da dama da ke shafar wadannan yanayi, tsakanin mutane daban-daban. "bayyanuwar" kwayoyin halitta na ƙarshe ma sun bambanta.
Yayin da kake tare da likitanka suna aiki tare don sanin dalilin, zai iya bayar da shawarar maganin oxygen idan kun kasance takaice ko kuma samun wasu alamar cututtuka da ke nuna damuwa da matsananciyar iska. Idan bayyanar cututtuka na da tsanani, inganci na injiniya tare da mai haɗari yana iya buƙata.
Ana amfani da magungunan oxygen na Hyperbaric a wasu lokuta don cutar hypoxia mai tsanani. Ƙara yawan oxygen da aka samar a ƙarƙashin matsalolin wani lokaci na iya inganta fasikancin jiki a hanyar da ba ta yiwu ba.
> Source:
> Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, da Stephen L .. Hauser. Ka'idodin Magungunan Hoto na Harrison. New York: Ilimin Mc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.