Magunguna da Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Kwarewar Kwancen Kai
Lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin kwanyar ya tasowa, ko saboda kumburi, bugu, ƙari , ko wasu matsala, matsawa na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da lalacewa. Ƙin lamba intracranial mai girma (ICP) an dauki gaggawa ne na gaggawa kuma yana bukatar a magance shi da wuri-wuri.
Gano Babban ICP
Hanyar farko ta gano ICP mai girma shine kula da wani bayyanar cututtukan mutum.
Hannun hankali, ciwon kai , ko canje-canje a cikin tunani zai iya nuna cewa ƙin intracranial wani ya yi yawa. Gaba ɗaya, bayyanar cututtuka sun fi muni yayin kwanciya.
Wasu lokuta, duk da haka, mutumin ya yi hasararsa, inda ake buƙatar wasu alamun. Bayanin asibiti , inda likita ya dubi baya bayan ido lokacin da yake haskaka haske, zai iya nuna canje-canje a cikin jijiyar ninkin saboda mai girma ICP. Wadannan canje-canje ba koyaushe suna faruwa ba, amma, wasu lokutan wasu lokuta masu bincike na intracranial matsalolin suna buƙatar idan likitocin suna da damuwa cewa matsa lamba intracranial zai iya hawa.
Daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya aunawa ICP shine saka idanu ƙarƙashin kwanyar. Wannan yana da ƙarin amfanar kasancewa iya gwada ICP kullum maimakon kawai samun ma'auni ɗaya, saboda haka canje-canjen ICP za a iya kama. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a lokuta inda mutum zai iya hango cewa ICP zai ci gaba da muni, kamar kamuwa bayan ciwon kwakwalwa .
Yin saka idanu wannan hanya ne mai banƙyama, duk da haka. Duk da yake suna da lafiya, waɗannan masu duba suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta ko zub da jini. Ana sanya su ne kawai lokacin da akwai bukatar buƙatar saka idanu na ICP.
Gudanar da Gwiwar Kula da lafiya na ICP
Lokacin da masu jinji sun ji cewa ICP yana da girma, an dauki matakai don rage wannan matsa lamba.
Akwai abubuwa uku da aka tsara zuwa ga intracranial wuri ƙarƙashin kwanyar: jinin, kwakwalwa, da kuma ruwan sanyi (CSF) . Idan matsalolin yana ginawa, rage girman jini ko CSF zai iya sa dakin da kwakwalwa zai hana matsawa da ciwo na har abada.
Ƙarar CSF za a iya rage ta rage jinkirin samar da shi a cikin ventricles na kwakwalwa. Wasu magunguna kamar acetazolamide na iya jinkirin samar da CSF da ƙananan ICP a sakamakon. Duk da haka, ƙarfin wannan sakamako ba karfi ba ne, kuma acetazolamide yana da illa mai lalacewa irin su canza acidity na jini.
Zubar da jini a cikin kwakwalwa zai iya ragewa ta hanyar sakawa kai don karfafa ƙwayar jikin kai don dawo da jini cikin sauri. Idan mai haɗuri yana cike da fuska (yana da motsin motsi a cikin), za a iya ƙara yawan numfashi don canza acidity na jinin mai haƙuri. Wannan na iya haifar da arteries a cikin kwakwalwa don kunkuntar, rage jini kuma ya ba da kwakwalwa karamin daki - duk da haka, wannan shine kawai matsala ta wucin gadi a mafi kyau.
Wani lokaci kwakwalwa yana karuwa saboda harshen, inda ruwa ya fita daga cikin jini da kuma cikin kwakwalwa. Wasu ƙwayoyi irin su mannitol, ko ma saline, zasu iya karfafa wannan ruwa don dawowa daga kwakwalwa zuwa cikin jini inda ya sa rashin lalacewa.
Jigilar jini kamar dexamethasone zai iya taimaka wajen rage ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa.
Gudanar da Hoto na Kasuwancin ICP
Lokacin da kulawar kiwon lafiya ba ta isa ba, wani lokaci kuma ana bukatar karin matakan m, kamar tiyata.
Idan kwakwalwa yana matsawa da wani abu a cikin kwanyar da ba a ciki ba, kamar yarinya ko tsutsa, wani lokaci yana yiwuwa ya cire matsalar. Sauran lokuta, duk da haka, wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ko dai saboda haɗarin tiyata yafi girma, ko kuma saboda matsalar ba za'a iya cirewa ba sauƙi.
Alal misali, idan babban matsalar ita ce kwakwalwa yana cikewa saboda kumburi, ba shakka ba shine mafita mafi kyau don kawar da ɓangare na kwakwalwa kanta ba.
A wannan yanayin, ana yin wani daki mai yawa don ya ba da damar yin busa.
Baya ga magunguna kamar acetazolamide, za'a iya cire CSF ta hanyar zubar da shi ta hanyar shunt . Wannan yana dauke da bututu da aka sanya a cikin ventricles na kwakwalwa don shafe CSF. Idan an saka idanu na ICP riga, CSF za a iya sauko ta hanyar wannan saka idanu don ci gaba da matsa lamba a wani burin.
Duk da haka, akwai sakamako mai lalacewa don gujewa. Bugu da ƙari ga hadarin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta da zub da jini wanda ya zo daga saka wani abu cikin jiki, akwai kuma hadarin cewa za'a cire magungunan CSF daga wuraren da ba daidai ba, wanda zai haifar da matsin lamba wanda zai haifar da labarta - motsi na ɓangare na kwakwalwa zuwa inda ba ya zama.
Wani magani mai mahimmanci shi ne sanya mahaɗin kwakwalwa girma. Doctors yi haka ta hanyar yin aikin kullun, wanda aka cire ɓangare na kwanyar don ya ba da dama daki don ƙwaƙwalwa ya kara.
Yayin da aka cire ɓangare na kwanyar, dabbar da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa tana ci gaba da kasancewa cikakke kuma mai tsabta don hana ƙwayar cuta. Kodayake cututtuka da wasu matsaloli zasu iya faruwa, yayin da ake kira craniectomy, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka. Craniectomy yana da magungunan gaske tare da wasu hadarin gaske, amma duk da haka zai iya amfani da shi a cikin yanayi mai tsanani.
Sources:
Allan, H., et al. Ƙwararren Neurosurgical Care Care, Darasi na hudu, Lippicott Williams & Wilkins, 2004
Braunwald E, Fauci ES, et al. Ka'idodin Magungunan Hoto na Harrison. 16th ed. 2005.