Akwai dalilai da dama na lalata. Wasu ƙananan abubuwa ne mai sassaucin zuciya, irin su ciwon zuciya, wasu magunguna, da kuma nakasassu na rayuwa. Sauran abubuwa ba su da mawuyacin ganewa kuma sanin wane nau'i na lalatawa mai haƙuri zai iya taimakawa masu aikin huldar suyi kula da su daidai.
1. Cutar cutar Alzheimer
Alzheimer's shine babban dalilin lalata. Yana lissafin kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na shari'un ƙaddamarwa.
Alzheimer ta cigaba da cutar da ke nuna cewa sunadaran sunadarai a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin nau'i-nau'i da ƙuƙwalwa.
Masana kimiyya suna kokarin gano abin da ke haifar da Alzheimer's. Matsayi mai girma, tarihin iyali , da kuma salon salon rayuwa irin su shan taba yana iya shawo kan hadarin mutum na bunkasa Alzheimer's.
2. Cikakken ƙwayar cuta
Tashin jiki na jiki shi ne karo na biyu da ya fi rikici. Wannan yana haifar da rage yawan jini zuwa kwakwalwa daga ko dai ta katsewa ko kuma cikakke jigilar jini wanda ke ɗauke da kwayoyin jini mai mahimmancin oxygen da na gina jiki. Tashin ƙwayar cutar za a iya haifar da ƙananan bugun ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayar cuta daya, ciwon sukari, ko hauhawar jini.
3. Dattiya na gaba
Fuskar launi na fatar jiki (FTD) tana da siffar atrophy , ko ɓacewa, na gaba da na lobes na kwakwalwa idan babu Alzheimer. Yawanci yana faruwa a baya fiye da cutar Alzheimer tare da farawa tsakanin 35 zuwa 75 years old.
Ya cigaba da sauri fiye da Alzheimer kuma yana da raƙataccen rai. FTD na iya samun haɗin jinsi amma masana kimiyya ba su san ainihin dalilin ba.
FTD yana nunawa tare da canje-canjen hali, yawanci azaman rashin dacewar zamantakewa ko halin mutum. Matsalolin da magana, wanda ake kira aphasia , shine babban gabatarwar FTD.
4. Jirgin Jiki na Lewy
Lement jiki dementia, mai suna Friederich H. Lewy, wanda ya fara bayanin adadi a cikin farkon karni na 1900, ana nuna shi da adadin harufan haruffa mai gina jiki a cikin kwakwalwa kwayoyin halitta. Yayinda yawancin alamun Lewy Body dementia ya yi kama da Alzheimer, alamun alamun guda uku sun bambanta da wasu nau'in rashawa: tsararruwar jiki , bambancin fahimtar juna ko faɗakarwa, da damuwa mai tsanani.
5. Cutar Parkinson
Cututtukan Parkinson ne ci gaba da cigaba da kwayoyin jijiya a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar dopamine mai muhimmanci. Dopamine yana aiki ne a matsayin kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa cikin kwakwalwa, yana daidaita daidaitattun ƙwayar tsoka. Ba tare da dopamine ba, kwakwalwa ba zai iya sadarwa ba, yana haifar da asarar ikon sarrafa tsarin jiki.
A cikin matakai na ci gaba, Parkinson zai iya haifar da aiki mai hankali , yana haifar da wahalar dawo da tunanin, matsalolin da tunani, yanke shawara, da warware matsalolin, da damuwa. Cutar da ke faruwa a cikin kashi 20% zuwa 60% na marasa lafiya da cutar ta Parkinson.
6. Cutar Huntington
Huntington cutar ita ce cutar da aka haifa wadda take faruwa a cikin shekaru 30s ko 40s. An bayyana ta ƙungiyoyi marasa rikici, damuwa da motsa jiki da kuma lalacewar tunanin mutum.
Tare da cutar Huntington, ci gaba da ruguwar tunanin mutum da sakamakon lalacewa na iya zama alamun farko na cutar. Yara da iyayensu daya da aka gano tare da jikinsu na Huntington suna da damar 50% na bunkasa cutar kansu.
7. HIV / AIDS
Kwayar cutar HIV / AIDs wata kwayar cutar ce da aka samu ta hanyar yin hulɗa da jini mai cutar da jikin mutum. Sashin cutar ta AIDS yana iya dangantaka da CD4 + T-cell count nadir da tsawon lokaci na immunosuppression. Kafin maganin cutar antiretoroviral, an danganta lalata cutar ta AIDS tare da ƙididdigar CD4 + da ƙananan nau'in hoto. Yanzu, tare da maganin maganin cutar kanjamau wanda ya rage jinkirin ciwon HIV da AIDs , marasa lafiya suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci kuma ba su da nasaba da cututtuka da dama kamar yadda suka yi.
Wadannan marasa lafiya na iya zama cikin haɗari don tayar da lalatawar cutar AIDS kamar yadda suke da shekaru
Kwayoyin cututtuka na lalacewar cutar ta AIDS sun hada da alamu na manta, jinkirin, matsaloli tare da maida hankali da warware matsalar, da kuma hallucinations.
8. Cutar Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD)
An fi sani da Mad Cow cuta, cutar Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) ta haifar da prolis. Wadannan shafunan sun lalata ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararrakin aiki. CJD na iya samun haɗin haɗin gwiwar amma yawancin lokuta ba su da wata sanarwa ba tare da wani sananne ba. Wasu lokuta na iya zama sakamakon yalwatawa ga kayan aikin kiwon lafiya wanda aka gurbata lokacin tafiyarwa. Cutar ta CJD tana ci gaba da hanzari a cikin watanni da yawa kuma ya shafi matsalolin da hankali, haɗuwa, ci abinci, hangen nesa da daidaituwa.
Sources:
Tashin jiki na jiki. Alzheimer's Association. Nuwamba 21, 2007.
http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_vascular_dementia.asp.
Gilliland, Dementia J Pract Nurs. Safiya na 2007, 57 (4): 5-13; Tambaya 14-6.
Marie-Florence Shadlen, MD da Eric B Larson, MD, MPH. Ra'idojin ƙaddamarwa . UpToDate.com
Alexander W Thompson, MD, MBA, Andrew A Pieper, MD, PhD, da Glenn J Treisman, MD, PhD. Dama da kuma jin dadi a marasa lafiya HIV . UpToDate.com.