Yaya Saurin Sau Uku Ya Sauya Kwayar Cutar HIV
HAART ita ce kallon maganin "farfadowa mai karfi," wani lokacin da aka tsara a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 don bayyana yadda tasirin maganin magunguna ke amfani da su don magance cutar HIV.
Kafin HAART, yin amfani da kwayoyi guda biyu ko biyu na maganin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta kullum sun sami nasara ga marasa lafiya da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, wanda hakan ya haifar da gazawar rashin lafiya da kuma rashin yiwuwar cika cikakken aiki na kyamaran.
Ya kasance tare da gabatar da masu hana ginin protease a shekarar 1996 cewa likitoci sun iya hade magunguna guda uku ko mafi magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi a hanyar da ta dace da kawar da kwayar cutar HIV daga maimaitawa a wurare daban-daban a cikin rayuwarta. Da zuwan HAART, likitoci da masana kimiyya sun iya yin la'akari da mutuwar kimanin kashi 50 cikin dari na mutuwar cutar AIDS a Amurka da Turai a cikin shekaru uku (1995-1999).
Bugu da ƙari, HAART, magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi ne kuma aka fi sani da suna "sau uku" ko "miyagun ƙwayoyi guda uku."
A yau, an yi amfani da wannan kalma a wasu lokutta da aka maye gurbin wasu dodanni, ciki har da cART (hade da maganin rigakafi) ko, har ma fiye da, ART (antiretroviralrapy).
Yadda HAART ke aiki
Yayinda yake tsayayya da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ko magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi, haɗuwa da uku ko fiye antiretroviral na iya aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar tag, ta yadda za a iya kawar da kwayar cutar HIV mai yawa wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin ɗaliban kwayar cutar.
Idan magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi ba zai iya kashe wani nau'in hoto ba, ɗaya ko duka mawallafi zai kasance fiye da yiwuwar yin hakan.
Hakanan, ta hanyar kiyaye yawan kwayar cutar birane da aka matsa ( undetectable ), akwai ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rarraba a cikin jini da kuma 'yan zarafin ƙwayar cutar don canzawa cikin tsangwama.
Dalilin da ya sa magungunan farko na HAART sun yi kasa sosai da sauri: an yarda da yawancin mutane masu yawan mutantaka su ci gaba da ƙara yawan su don zama mummunar cutar kyama. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, kwayoyi ba su da ikon magance cutar HIV daga maimaitawa, yanayin da muke bayyana a matsayin "maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi."
Drugs amfani a HAART
A halin yanzu akwai nau'o'i biyar na maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi , wanda kowannensu ya hana wani mataki na musamman a cikin tsarin kwayar cutar HIV:
- shigarwa ko haɗuwar masu hanawa (wanda ya hada da masu karɓar mai karɓa na CCR5)
- mahallin da nucleotide baya masu hana ingancin transcriptase (NRTI / NtRTI)
- wadanda ba su da magungunan juyawa masu ƙin fassara (NNRTI)
- hade masu haɓaka
- masu ƙuntata protease
Sauran nau'o'in antiretrovirals ana binciken su, yayin da sababbin kwayoyi sunyi kokarin inganta haɗin kai, rage cututtuka masu lalacewa da kuma sauƙaƙe dosing ga wadanda suke farfadowa.
Future of HAART
Bugu da ƙari ga samar da cututtuka na kawar da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin mutane masu fama da cutar, ana amfani da HAART a matsayin hanyar da za a sake kawar da yawan kamuwa da cuta a yawancin haɗari masu yawan gaske. An nuna ma'anar da ake kira t a matsayin rigakafin (TasP) . "ƙwaƙwalwar kamala na al'umma" a cikin yawancin jama'a, yana sa ya fi wuya a sanya cutar daga mutumin da ya kamu da cutar zuwa mutumin da ba shi da cutar.
Bugu da kari, an nuna HAART don rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar ta HIV da kuma marasa lafiya na HIV (ciki har da cututtuka da cututtukan zuciya) ta hanyar 58% idan sun fara a lokacin ganewar asali. A sakamakon haka, an bayar da shawarar yanzu a fara da HAART a duk waɗanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV , ba tare da la'akari da matsayi ba, samun kudin shiga, yankin gefe, tsere, ko kuma nauyin hoto na kwayar cutar HIV.
Halin HAART zai iya canzawa tare da ci gaba da magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi (watau yiwuwar ba da izini na kowane wata ko na kwata) da magunguna na gaba wanda ke nufin rage wajan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi guda uku zuwa ƙananan kwayoyi.
Babban gwaji na uku na III, wanda ake kira SWORD-1 da SWORD-2, ya nuna cewa amfani da Tivicay (dolutegravir) da kuma Edurant (rilpivirine) zai haifar da tsoma baki don maganin hoto na 48 don samun sakamako mai zurfi. Wani ƙananan gwaji, wanda ake kira binciken LAMIDOL, ya nuna cewa Tivicay yayi amfani da lamivudine (tsofaffin miyagun ƙwayoyi) yana da damar cimma irin wannan sakamako a cikin marasa lafiya.
Sources:
> Sansone, G. da Frengley, J. "Rashin halayyar HAART a kan Abubuwan Mutuwa da Sakamakon Siriya." Jaridar Urban Lafiya. Yuni 2000; 77 (2): 166-75.
> Cohen, M .; Chen, Y .; McCauley, M .; et al. "Rigakafin kamuwa da cutar HIV-1 tare da maganin cutar antiretroviral." New England Journal of Medicine. Agusta 11, 2011; 365 (6): 493-505.
> Ƙungiyar Nazarin Sake Farawa. "Gaddamar da farfadowa da maganin cutar kanjamau a Early Asymptomatic HIV infection." New England Journal of Medicine. Yuli 20, 2015; DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
> Llibre, J. Hung, C .; Brinson, C .; et al. "Mataki na III SWORD 1 & 2: canzawa zuwa DTG + RPV tana kula da maye gurbin virologic ta hanyar 48 wks." Taron 2017 kan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Hanyoyi (CROI); Fabrairu 13-16, 2017; Seattle; m 44LB
> Joly, V .; Burdet, C .; Landman, R .; et al. "Sakamakon sakamako na > dolutegravir > + lamivudine goyon baya a cikin ANRS 167 > LAMIDOL > gwaji." Taron 2017 kan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Hanyoyi (CROI); Fabrairu 13-16, 2017; Seattle; m 458.