Daga anti-inflammatories zuwa opioids da anti-depressants kuma mafi, da dama iri magunguna an wajabta don baya da wuyansa zafi. Yawanci yana ba da amfani da ciwon ciwo, amma yiwuwar rashin jin dadi, har ma da haɗari, sakamako mai mahimmanci an yanke shi a can.
Wannan labarin ya kwatanta irin waɗannan magungunan guda biyu - masu hanawa COX-2 da opioids.
Masu haɗin Cox-2 - Celebrex, Vioxx da Bextra
Masu maganin Cox-2 su ne nau'i na maganin anti-inflammatory (steroidal anti-inflammatory) (NSAID) da aka yi amfani da shi don ciwo mai tsanani, da dama nau'in arthritis da kuma azabar mutum.
Sun bambanta da kwayoyi kamar aspirin, Aleve, Motrin da sauransu a cikin aikin da aka ƙaddara musamman.
Masana kimiyya da likitocin sun san cewa wannan ciwo yana haifar da abubuwa da ake kira prostaglandins. A halin yanzu, ana haifar da prostaglandins a cikin jiki ta hanyar mahaukaci biyu masu alaka (kowannensu da sauƙi daban-daban), wato COX-1 da COX-2. Masana a fagen sun san cewa prostaglandins musamman da alhakin ciwo, kumburi da ƙumburi ne kawai aka samar ta hanyar COX-2 enzyme.
Babban bambanci tsakanin magungunan marasa magani na steroidal anti-inflammatory (wato, daban-daban siffofin NSAIDs) da kuma masu kwantar da COX-2 ita ce, yayin da NSAID ta hana ayyukan biyu na COX-1 da COX-2 enzymes, masu haɓaka COX-2, kamar yadda sunan yana nuna, kashe kawai COX-2s.
Matsalar ita ce mafi yawan masu hanawa COX-2 an cire su daga kasuwa. Wannan kuwa saboda an samo su don ƙara yawan haɗarin kuɗar cutar zuciya (cututtukan zuciya da shanyewar jiki) lokacin amfani da lokaci.
Vioxx (sunan mai suna rofecoxib) da kuma Bextra (sunan mahaifa valdecoxib) an cire su daga kasuwa a farkon shekarun 2000. Viock da aka yi ta Merck, kuma Pfizer ya gina Bextra.
Wanne ya bar wani mawallafi na COX-2 mai suna Pfizer, Celebrex (sunan mai suna celecoxib.)
Kamar yadda kawai kwayoyi ne na masu hana COX-2 guda uku da suka ragu a kasuwar Amurka, Celebrix da celecoxib sun zo tare da "gargaɗin akwatin fata", wanda shine lakabin da aka tsara domin nunawa sosai don faɗakar da kai ga bayanin lafiyar mai kyau na miyagun kwayoyi .
Likitocin likitoci wadanda suka rubuta Celebrex sun umurce su don su ba ku Jagora mai magani, tare da haɗarin hadarin da kuma bayanan jima'i.
Idan kana tunanin abin da za ka iya dauka ba tare da Celebrex ba, nazari na shekara ta 2013 ya gano cewa duk wadanda ba zaɓaɓɓe NSAIDs ba, naproxen (Aleve) yana iya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayar cutar na zuciya ga marasa lafiya. Mawallafin mawallafa sun bada shawarar cewa kowane NSAID da kake amfani dasu, cewa zaka yi haka a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci mafi dacewa, kuma don mafi kankanin lokaci na yiwuwa.
Ka lura da cewa wasu nau'ikan NSAIDS, irin da ke hana duka COX-1 da COX-2 enzymes, na iya kara yawan haɗari ga ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini, kazalika. A gaskiya ma, a shekarar 2015, FDA ta ba da umurni a kan dukkanin takardun alamar NSAID (ciki har da Celebrex, wanda ya rage CO2-2 mai hanawa) don sabunta sabon binciken da ya gano cewa ciwon zuciya zai iya faruwa ko da makonni bayan fara wannan irin miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma cewa tsawon lokacin da kake amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, mafi girman haɗari na iya zama.
Opioids don Baya ko Abun Abun ciki
Opioid wani nau'i ne na magungunan shan magani wanda ke da damar iya ba da taimako mai karfi. Ana amfani da opioids don ciwo mai tsanani, amma likitoci sukan rubuta su a matsayin magunguna na farko don zafi mai tsanani.
Matsalar ita ce, wannan rukuni na taimakawa mai zafi shine narcotic, wanda ke nufin sun zo tare da yiwuwar jaraba.
Wasu marasa lafiya sunyi haƙuri, wanda zai haifar da dogara ga jiki, kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama buri.
Wasu magani na opioid masu tsarki ne, yayin da wasu suna hade tare da marasa jin daɗin ciwo irin su Tyelnol. Ana tsara hotunan Opioids a matsayin gajeren lokaci, kuma yana aiki sosai.
Ko da yake yin amfani da opioids don wuyansa da kuma ciwon baya yana cike da yawa, shaidar ba ta buƙatar goyon bayan wannan aikin ba. Wani bita a Birtaniya Medical Journal ya ruwaito cewa opioids sun zama mafi yawancin kwayoyi a Amurka.
Wancan ya ce, bitar da mawallafi ya yi, ba zai iya taimaka wa mutane su dawo da aiki ba fiye da sauran nau'in maganin ciwo, kuma basu inganta sakamakon kulawa na farko ga ciwo mai tsanani.
Idan jinƙanku na baya yana ci gaba ne, opioids bazai yi wani abu ba a gareku. Mawallafin mawallafin ya samo shaidar kadan cewa suna aiki don wannan dalili.
Tare da haɗari don jaraba, ya fara aiki tare da wasu cututtuka masu haɗari ciki har da maƙarƙashiya, rashin jima'i da damuwa, don suna kawai kaɗan.
Har ila yau, kamfanonin na Opioids suna iya kaiwa ga kamfanonin kasuwanci da suka ɓata. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in opioid, OxyContin, an kwatanta shi ne a matsayin "mai hadari" ta hanyar wakilan kamfanin a cikin yakin neman nasarar kasuwanci. Amma manyan jami'ai na Purdue Pharma, masu magungunan OxyContin, daga bisani suka yarda a kotu cewa wadannan da'awar sun kasance karya ne kuma suna yaudara.
COX-2 Masu hanawa vs Opioids - Ka yi tunanin kafin ka dauka
Lokacin da kuka yi la'akari ko an umarce ku da magani na ciwo, kuyi tunani game da dukan matsalolin da za su iya tashi daga ɗaukar shi. Kuna iya haɗari ciwon zuciya ko bugun jini, ko zaune tare da jaraba ga shan magani mai tsanani (mafi tsada).
Ka tuna, sau da yawa motsi jikinka zai iya taimakawa tare da ciwon baya, sake dawowa aiki da inganta ingantaccen rayuwa. Bayan 'yan ziyara tare da mai kwantar da hankalin jiki na iya zama duk abin da kake buƙatar karɓar rayuwarka.
> Source:
> Deyo, R., et. al. Opioids don zafi mai zafi. Binciken Clinical. Sanarwar Art na Art Review. Jan 2015. http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.g6380
> Nissen, S., et. al., Tsaro na kwakwalwa na Celecoxib. N Engl J Med. Nov 2016. http://www.jwatch.org/na42802/2016/11/14/cardiovascular-safety-celecoxib
> Pawlosky, N. Kwayoyin cutar kwakwalwa Shin duka NSAIDs daidai ne? Can Pharm J. Maris 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676195/
Vioxx da Cox-2 Masu hana
Masu maganin Cox-2 kamar Vioxx, Celebrex da Bextra su ne irin NSAID, ko magungunan masu maganin magunguna na steroidal. An ci gaba da su a cikin shekarun 1990s don mayar da martani ga sakamakon cutar NSAIDS .
Saboda suna cikin wannan magungunan iyali, duk masu haɗin gwanin Cox-2 suna nunawa sosai a hanya guda. Saboda haka, marasa lafiya da suka maye gurbin Vioxx ko Bextra tare da Celebrex na iya zama cikin hadari ga hare-haren zuciya.
Ko da yake ba su da masu hana maganin Cox-2, sauran NSAID da ke kawo haɗarin haɗari shine Motrin, Naprosyn, Voltaren da Mobic.
Opioids
Ana amfani da opioids don matsananciyar zafi. Bugu da ƙari ga ciwon daji na ciwon baya, an yi amfani da opioids a lokuta na ciwon ciwon daji, ciwon ciwon daji da sauran yanayi.
Opioids suna da matukar damuwa mai zafi; morphine shine mafi kyawun misali na opioids, ko da yake akwai ainihin iri daban-daban daga mummunan aiki zuwa karfi. Misalan sun hada da OxyContin, codeine, Darvon da Vicodin.
Opioids suna da tasiri masu yawa, ciki har da yiwuwar:
- numfashi na numfashi
- maƙarƙashiya
- hadarin dogara da jaraba
Abinda ya fi dacewa a fili na opioids a matsayin magani mai zafi shine yiwuwar jaraba da dogara. Bincike ya nuna cewa OxyContin, musamman, ita ce "ƙofar" don jaraba ga wasu magunguna masu wuya. Wani lokaci, marasa lafiya za a iya hana shan magani saboda abin da suke motsawa ba a fahimta ba, kuma ana iya ganin su a matsayin mikiyar ƙwayar morphine (ko wasu opioid).
Sakamakon
Idan aka yi amfani da shi yadda ya dace , amfanin amfani da kwayoyin cututtuka don jin zafi sun fi karfi da haɗari. Opioids suna da tasiri sosai don taimakon jin zafi. Kuma masu bincike masu yawa, masu kula da maganin likita, da likitoci suna jin cewa opioids yana da daraja la'akari da maganin ciwo mai tsanani. Amma kamar yadda yake tare da kowane zaɓi na kiwon lafiya, yi aiki tare da likitanka da sauran likitocin kiwon lafiya su sami mafi kyawun zaɓi a gare ka.
Source:
Tambayoyi da Answers.FDA Saukaka Ayyuka don Yankin Tsarin Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin COX-2 da marasa Yankewa (NSAIDs). FDA. Afrilu 7, 2005.
Brasseur, L. Duba halin magani na yanzu na maganin ciwo. Drugs. 1997.
Cicero, TJ, Inciardi, JA, Munoz, A. Trends in abuse of Oxycontin da sauran opioid analgesics a Amurka 2002-2004 JPain Oct. 2005.
Grau, LE, Dasgupta, N., Harvey, AP, Irwin, K., Givens, A., Kinzley, ML, Heimer, R .. Yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta: OxyContin is a "drug gateway"? AmJ Shawarwari Mayu-Yuni 2007.