Idan ka riga ka sami lambar cholesterol a gabanka, tabbas ka lura da yawa daban-daban na cholesterol da aka jera a sakamakon bincikenka. LDL, VLDL, HDL - menene suke nufi? Duk waɗannan nau'o'in cholesterol zasu iya kasancewa da sassa masu kama da haka, amma ayyukansu a jiki sun bambanta. Samun girman girman ko saukar da wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in cholesterol na iya kara yawan hadarin cututtukan zuciya.
Cholesterol da triglycerides sune kwayoyi masu kyau. Saboda kaddarorinsu masu kama-da-kullun, baza su iya yaduwa cikin jini ba. Domin ƙwayar cholesterol da triglycerides suyi tafiya a cikin jini, sunadaran sunadarai ne wanda ke sa cholesterol da triglycerides su kasance masu soluble cikin jini. Wannan ƙwayar lipid da gina jiki shine ake kira lipoprotein. Lokacin da aka cire gwargwadon ƙwayoyi da cholesterol daga wannan hadarin lipoprotein, kuma kana da furotin kadai, wanda ake kira furotin shine apolipoprotein. Dabbobi daban-daban na apolipoproteins suna hade da daban-daban lipoproteins.
Akwai nau'o'in lipoproteins guda biyar a cikin jini, kuma ana yawan su bisa ga yawansu. Babban nau'in lipoproteins da aka bincikar a cikin wani lipid panel sun hada da:
- Ƙananan ƙananan launi Lipoproteins (VLDL). Wadannan lipoproteins sun kunshi ƙwayoyin triglycerides, wasu kwayoyin cholesterol, da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Mafi yawan mai lipoprotein ya ƙunshi, ƙananan ƙarancin yana da. A wannan yanayin, VLDL ba ta da ƙasa da yawa fiye da yawancin lipoproteins saboda yawan abin da yake da shi. Ana yin VLDL a cikin hanta kuma yana da alhakin kawo triglycerides zuwa kwayoyin jikin, wanda ake bukata don tafiyar da salula. Yayinda masu tsauraran kwayar cutar suka samo su zuwa sel, VLDL ya zama kasa mai yawa kuma yawancin gina jiki, yana barin cholesterol akan kwayoyin. Yayin wannan tsari ya faru, VLDL zai zama lamarin LDL a ƙarshe.
- Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL). LDL ya ƙunshi karin cholesterol fiye da triglycerides da furotin. Saboda yana da ƙananan lipid kuma karin sunadaran da aka kwatanta da VLDL, yawanta ya fi girma. LDL yana da alhakin ɗauke da cholesterol zuwa kwayoyin da suke buƙatar shi. LDL matakan da aka haɓaka suna haɗuwa da haɗarin ƙwayar cutar cututtukan zuciya. Wasu siffofin LDL - musamman ƙananan, LDL mai yawa (sdLDL) da LDL oxidized (oxLDL) - an haɗa su tare da inganta farfadowa na atherosclerosis ta wurin adana ƙwayoyi a kan ganuwar arteries a jiki. Saboda ƙananan matakan LDL suna hade da ci gaba da cututtuka na zuciya, LDL kuma ana kiransa da "mummunan" cholesterol.
- High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Idan aka kwatanta da LDL, HDL tana da ƙananan cholesterol da karin furotin, yin wadannan lipoproteins da yawa. An yi HDL a hanta da kuma cikin hanji. Yana da alhakin ɗauke da cholesterol daga kwayoyin jikinsu zuwa hanta. Saboda wannan, ana ganin HDL "cholesterol" mai kyau.
Haka kuma akwai sauran lipoproteins wanda ke aiki a cikin sufuri mai yaduwa zuwa sel, amma ba a auna su a cikin launi na yau da kullum ba. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Chylomicrons. Wadannan lipoproteins sune mafi ƙanƙanci daga dukkanin lipoproteins. Wadannan kwayoyin sune da farko sun kasance daga triglycerides da ƙananan furotin. Chylomicrons suna da alhakin daukar nauyin tsirrai daga jikin jini zuwa sassan jikin.
- Matsakaici Tsakanin Lipoprotein (IDL). Wadannan lipoproteins basu da yawa fiye da kwayoyin LDL amma suna da yawa fiye da nauyin VLDL. Yayin da masu rukuni a kan VLDL sun rushe daga sel wadanda suke buƙatar shi, barbashi ya zama mai yawa saboda sauyawa a cikin lipid zuwa furotin. Wannan yana haifar da VLDL ana canza zuwa IDL. Yayin da aka ba da triglycerides da cholesterol zuwa wasu kwayoyin halitta, IDL za a juya cikin LDL a hankali.
> Sources:
> Baron RB. Maganin Lipid. A cikin: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. eds. Sanarwar Asibiti na Yanzu da Jiyya 2015 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Rader DJ, Hobbs HH. Rashin lafiya na Lipoprotein Metabolism. A: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Ka'idodin Magungunan Ciki na Harrison, 19th. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.