Shin marasa lafiya suna samun darajojin ku?
Idan kuna da ciwo , kuna cikin mafiya rinjaye. Ra'ayoyin su sun bambanta, amma kimanin 60% zuwa 80% daga cikinmu zai sami akalla rashin ciwo a wani lokaci a rayuwarmu. A 2007 kadai, kimanin kimanin miliyan 27 na Amurka da suka kai shekaru 18 ko tsufa (11% na yawan adadin yawan jama'a) sun bayar da rahoton ciwon ciwo, a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya da Darajar. Kimanin kashi 70% cikin wadannan mutanen - miliyan 19.1 - neman magani daga likita , in ji hukumar.
Har ila yau, ya ce yawancin mata (miliyan 10.9) sun karbi magani don jinƙan su fiye da maza (8.2 miliyan).
Matakan gaggawa na ciwon baya zai iya kasancewa daga ƙwayar tsofaffin tsofaffin tsofaffin tsofaffin bugun jini da cututtuka da zafin rai don canza rayuwa da yiwuwar raunin da ya shafi rauni. Bishara shine cewa mafi yawan lokuta, ciwon baya zai iya samun nasarar (ko dai a wani bangare ko duk) da jawabi da motsa jiki , magani mai mahimmanci, da kuma hanyoyin kwantar da hankali .
Dalili na Hadarin
Buri na baya zai iya faruwa a kusan kowane lokaci a lokacin balaga. Nazarin ya nuna cewa yara suna cikin haɗari, ma'aikata suna cikin hadarin, kuma mutane masu fama da shekaru 35 zuwa 55 suna cikin haɗari. Tsofaffi da tsofaffi suna da mummunar haɗari ga haɗuwa, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙyallen wuyansa . Bincike ya nuna cewa kwayoyin halitta na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rashin daidaituwa , wanda yakan haifar da ciwo.
Kodayake babu wata mahimmanci ga mahimmanci game da wani mutum tare da matsaloli na baya, binciken da aka yi a 2008 a cikin Journal of the American Medical Association ya bayar da rahoton yawancin matsalolin da ke tsakanin tsofaffin mata da asibiti.
Mutanen da ke cikin wannan rukuni sun nuna mafi girman hali zuwa akalla wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na rashin aikin yi, da tsufa, da yin aure ko a dangantaka mai dangantaka.
Kudin kuɗi
Cigaba baya shine daya daga cikin matsalolin kiwon lafiyar mafi tsada, ko da yake kafofin sun bambanta zuwa inda ya dace dangane da sauran yanayi na musamman kamar cutar zuciya, bugun jini, ciwon daji, ciwon sukari, da kuma maganin ƙwayar cutar.
A cewar AHRQ, a 2007 an biya dala biliyan 30.3 ga masu samarwa, irin su likitoci, masu kwantar da hankulan jiki , da sauransu, da magunguna. Jaridar Cibiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka ta Amirka ta yi rahoton cewa, farashi na kulawa da spine ya kai dala biliyan 85.9 a shekara ta 2005.
Amma maganin launi ya zama wani ɓangare na masana'antun kiwon lafiya na dala 2.2. Kodayake farashin ku] a] e ne (exorbitant, a ganina), rahoton na AHRQ ya nuna cewa suna wakiltar kashi 3% kawai na kudade na likitanci a Amurka a 2007. Jaridar The American Medical Association ta ce rashin jinƙai (kadai) ya kasance 2% na duk likitoci sun ziyarci 2005.
Matsakaicin farashin ga marasa lafiya
Binciken binciken 2008 wanda jaridar Journal of the American Medical Association da aka ambata a sama ya bukaci kimanin mutane 23,000 tare da ba tare da matsalolin da suka shafi lafiyar su ba. Masu bincike sun gano cewa a matsakaici, mutane da baya ko wuyan ƙalubalen sun kashe kimanin dala 6,090 a shekarar 2005, yayin da takwarorinsu nagari suka karu da $ 3,056 a wannan shekarar. AHRQ ta bayar da rahoton cewa, a kan kowane mutum, a cikin 2007, farashin ku] a] en da ake yi na maganin tabarbare, ya kai kimanin $ 1500- $ 1600 da kowane mutum.
Yawancin lokutan, AHRQ ya ce, kudade na asibiti da kamfanonin haɗin gwiwar da aka haɗu sun biya ta asibiti (45.2%).
Amma Medicare ya yi nasara a cikin kashi 23 cikin dari, kuma ku, mai amfani da lafiyar ku, ya biya kimanin 16.8% na farashin ku a cikin nauyin kudi.
Har ila yau, Amirkawa sun kashe kimanin dala biliyan 7 daga kwasfinsu don magance maganin rigakafi a shekara ta 2007. Lura: Wannan adadin ya zo ne ta hanyar kirga yawan kashi na kudade (dala biliyan 33.9) da aka kashe a CAM don ciwo (17.1%) da wuyan wuyansa (5.9%), bisa ga bayanin da cibiyar Cibiyar ta Ƙasa da Magunguna ta NCCAM ta bayar.
Amfani da Jiyya
Wataƙila ma fiye da damuwa fiye da kudaden da ake kula da shi shi ne gaskiyar cewa farashin lafiyar sun kasance a kan Yunƙurin shekaru masu yawa ba tare da ingantaccen ingantaccen rayuwar rayuwar masu amfani da kiwon lafiya ba.
Bisa ga hukumar AHRQ, yawan kuɗin da ake yi na shan jinya ya fi ninki biyu tun daga shekara ta 2004, kuma jaridar Journal of the American Medical Association ta gano cewa yawan kuɗin da aka samu don karba da tallafin baya ya karu daga 65% tsakanin 1997 zuwa 2005.
Kodayake kodayake kulawa da kulawa ya karu da sauri fiye da karuwar farashin lafiyar jiki na lokaci guda (tare da karuwa mai yawa a yawan mutanen da ke neman magani don jin zafi), binciken bai sami ingantaccen kiwon lafiya ba a cikin masu amsawa. (Masu bincike sun tambayi masu amsa suyi la'akari da matsayin kansu na kiwon lafiyar, kuma sun tambayi tambayoyi game da rashin lafiya, aiki, ƙuntata aiki da kuma zamantakewa.)
To, ina ne karin kudi ke tafiya? Magunguna yana sama da jerin, sai biranen ofisoshin. Masu bincike sun nuna cewa "yin amfani da sababbin kwayoyi zai iya lissafa wasu daga cikin wannan karuwa." Sabbin magungunan sun hada da gaba-gaba, fentanyl , da lokaci-release oxycodone. Masu bincike sun lura cewa bayan shekara ta 2003, lokacin da aka cire masu kwantar da COX-2 daga kasuwa, yin amfani da maganin ciwon maganin cututtuka don ciwo ta kashin baya ya karu.
Sources:
Martin, B., Deyo, RA, et. al. Ƙarin kuɗi na asali da kuma yanayin kiwon lafiya Daga cikin 'yan jarida tare da Matsaloli da Abun Wuya. JAMA. 2008; 299 (6): 656-664.
Cibiyar Kasa ta Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna da Sauya. Amfani da Magungunan Ƙari da Magunguna a Amurka: Bayanin Kudin Kudin.
Soni, A. PhD. Matsaloli na baya: Amfani da Kudin Kasuwancin Amirka na Amirka , 2007. Labarin Labari na Musamman # 289. Rikicin Kudi na Kasuwanci. Aikace-aikace don Nazarin Lafiya da Darajar.