Idan kana iya haifar da utopia mai kurma, menene zai kasance? Kowane mutum zai san yadda za a yi magana a cikin harshen alamar. Yin kurma zai zama abin ƙyama da cewa jama'a ba za su bukaci ilimi ba. Marin Vineyard ne ainihin lokacin da ya faru, kuma duk da kasancewarsa tsibirin tsibirin, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kurkuku.
Ƙungiyar Taron Cikin Ƙari Ya kasance a Wata Lokacin Kashe Massachusetts Coast
Sau ɗaya a wani lokaci, akwai ainihin wurin da za a iya la'akari da utopia mai kurma.
An yi a tsibirin tsibirin tsibirin tsibirin Massachusetts, tsibirin da ake kira Martha's Vineyard. Duk da yake mutane da yawa suna hulɗa da Vineyard Marta tare da kasancewa a cikin manyan sharks a cikin fim din Jaws, tsibirin da aka fi sani da shi a wancan lokaci a matsayin tsibirin da yawan tsararru. Ta yaya wannan ya kasance?
Wasu 'yan kwanto na Vineyard sun dauki nauyin tsararre (tsohuwar sanannun masarautar Jonathan Lambert, 1694), da kuma shekaru da yawa na aure, tsara bayan tsarawar yara ya zauna tare da raunin kunne . A wani lokaci, daya daga cikin yara hudu an haifi kurma!
Akwai mutane da dama da suka kurme a kan Vineyard (mafi yawan kururuwa da ke zaune a Chilmark) cewa mazauna sun gina harshe mai suna Martalan Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) ko Harshen Alamar Chilmark (wanda ya bayyana a tushen County Kent a kudancin Ingila. ya yi tunanin cewa MVSL tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa Harshen Harshen Harshen Amirka lokacin da mazauna wurin Vineyard suka halarci Makarantar Kwalejin Amirka a cikin Hartford, Connecticut.
Dalilin da ya sa Madame Vineyard ta Musamman
Mun san akwai wasu wurare a cikin tarihin da kashi dari cikin dari na yawan jama'a suka ji hasara, to, me ya sa Martha's Vineyard ya kasance na musamman? Bari mu dubi wasu bayanan da suka haifar da wannan "utopia".
Babban yawan sauraro
Tabbatar da gaske, samun mutane da dama tare da jinƙan ji suna motsawa 'yan Marta ta Vineyard don inganta damar sadarwar masu saurare.
Wasu rubuce-rubucen da aka dauka na karni na 19 na kabilar Vineyard sun nuna irin tsananin damuwa. A shekara ta 1817, iyalai guda biyu suna da 'yan kunne, tare da kurkuku bakwai. Bayan 'yan shekaru, bayan 1827 akwai kurma 11. Rahotanni na shekara ta 1850 ya gano 17 kururuwa daga gidajen 141, a cikin Hammett, Lambert, Luce, Mayhew, Tilton, da kuma iyalan Yamma. A shekara ta 1855, akwai 17 da hudu a kusa da Tisbury. Rahotanni na 1880 na Chilmark yana da kurma 19 a cikin gidaje 159. Sabon 'yan uwaye a cikin ƙididdigar 1880 sun hada da Sarakuna da Smiths. Don sanya wannan a cikin hangen zaman gaba, idan aka kwatanta da kasar Amurka inda yawancin kurari ya kasance 1 a kusan 6,000, a kan Vineyard ya kasance kamar 1 a 155 (1 a 25 a Chilmark, kuma 1 a 4 a garin Chiquimark na Squibnocket ).
Babban yarda da Harshe Harshe
An yi amfani da harshe haruffan a kan Vineyard cewa wata jaridar ta yi mamaki a 1895 a hanyar da aka yi amfani da harshen da aka sanya harsunan da aka yi amfani da shi don yardar rai da sauƙi daga wurin kurma da masu sauraro. Mutanen da suke motsawa zuwa Chilmark dole su koyi harshen harshe domin su zauna a cikin al'umma. Rashin baƙin ciki yana da mahimmanci cewa wasu mazauna sauraren suna zaton cewa cutar ta kamu da cutar.
Bayan bayanin kula, ba a taba ganin irin wannan dullun ba.
Makaranta da ya fi tsayi
A kan Vineyard, yara da kuka ji suna zuwa makaranta na tsawon lokaci fiye da sauraren yara, kamar yadda jihar ta bayar da kudade ga makarantar makaranta. Wannan ya haifar da halayyar ilimin lissafi da yawa a tsakanin ɗalibai kurami fiye da sauraron ɗalibai.
Ƙararruwar Ƙirar Ƙarar Ƙaƙwalwa
Tsarin auren ya ci gaba da kuma yawan kurma na Chilmark da sauran Vineyard sun ci gaba da fadada. Zai ci gaba da girma idan ba don ci gaba da ilimin ilimi ba a kan iyakar. Yayinda kurma 'ya'yan inabi suka halarci makarantu-tsibirin, sun kula da tsibirin, suka yi auren matansu, kuma sannu-sannu kurma sun ƙi.
Dattijon kurkuku na ƙarshe ya wuce a cikin shekarun 1950.
Littattafai da sauran albarkatu
Tarihin ruhohi da kuma al'adun tarihi , musamman ma tarihin ɗanuwan jama'a a kan Martha's Vineyard, ya shahara masanan. Wannan sha'awa ya haifar da littafin littafin: Kowane mutum a nan Harshen Siginar Maɗaukaki : Jirgin Farko a Maza na Marta . Littafin ya biyo ne daga kurkuku na Vineyard zuwa wani yanki na Kent County na Birtaniya da ake kira Weald. Bugu da kari, wadannan albarkatun suna samuwa:
- Wani shahararrun bincike (watakila tsakiyar shekarun 1990) Robert Mather da Linda McIntosh a Jami'ar Tufts, "The Deaf of Martha's Vineyard." Littafin ya wallafa littattafan 1981 a cikin Duke County County Intelligencer, wanda ya kasance mai suna "Rubuce-tsaren Haɗari na Island: Wani Darasi a fahimtar Mutum," da kuma "Cindon Cind: Masu Amincewa da Al'ummai." Har ila yau, a cikin littafi mai wallafe-wallafen wani littafi ne mai suna "Mark of Chilmark, Deaf, and Dumb" a 1895 a cikin garin Squibnocket 1895.
- Wani rubutun shafuka guda shida na shekara ta 2001, "Al'adu mai laushi da murya mai ƙarfi," daga mujallar tsofaffi na Jami'ar Boston, Bostonia. Wannan labarin ya takaitaccen bayani game da kokarin da wani ɗan littafin (Joan Poole Nash ya yi, a yanzu malamin ilimi mai kula) don yin rikodin misalai na bidiyo na MVSL da tsohuwar kakarsa da kakanta suka nuna.
- A watan Maris 1999, mujallar Yankee ta wallafa labarin, "tsibirin nan wanda ya yi magana ta hannunsa."
Rashin Ƙasa a kan Matar Marta ta Majibinci a Abubuwan Tarihi
Haɗuwa da babban yawan kururuwan tare da mutanen da suka damu suna haifar da yanayin da za a iya la'akari da "utopia tsuli" a kan Martha's Vineyard. Na bayanin kula, shi ne cewa ci gaban da ya faru ya faru ba tare da fasaha ba don magana da kuma ƙananan ƙananan mutane (idan aka kwatanta da yawancin jama'ar {asar Amirka).
Kamar yadda aka gani da ci gaba da yawa a al'ada, al'amuran da mutane guda da ƙananan mutane zasu iya yi na yin jituwa da yawa zai iya zama babban abu.
Zai yiwu, muna bukatar mu dubi misali na Martha ta Vineyard tare da yawancin batutuwa da damuwa a al'amuranmu a yau. Kamar yadda aka gani a sama, ba a taba ganin asarar rashin lafiya a kan Martha's Vineyard. Ba a ɗauke shi da "rashin hauka ba," amma a matsayin bambanci na mutum. Samun kowa da kowa "yayi magana da wannan harshe" ya rage abin da zai iya kasancewa "barrewar harshe" kuma yana amfana ga wadanda suka ji da wadanda suka kurme.
Ga wadanda ba su da kurma ba ko jin dadin ji kuma basu sane da ASL ba, sai ka dauki lokaci ka koyi game da yadda za ka yi magana da kurame da wuya na sauraren mutane don taimakawa wajen rage "barrewar harshe" a yau. Kuna iya so a yi la'akari da tallafawa ɗayan kurma da kuma wuyar kungiyoyin kungiyoyin ji .
> Sources:
> Gida, N. Dukkan A nan Spoke Sign Language: Abin da ke cikin damuwa a kan Marin Vineyard. Review Book. Ƙasantawa da Ilimi na Duniya . 2007. 9: 167-168.
> Kusters, A. Amfani da Deaf? Yin nazarin litattafai na al'adu na al'adu na "Martha's Vineyard Solutions" na duniya. Jaridar Deaf Nazarin da Makarantar Ilimi . 2010. 15 (1): 3-16.