Wani Bayani na Autism
Autism, wanda ake kira "autism spectrum cuta (ASD)," wani ci gaba ne. An gano cutar rashin ci gaba a cikin ƙuruciya amma yakan haifar da gazawar rayuwa. Akwai labarai da yawa game da autism da yalwacin misinformation akan internet. A sakamakon haka, yana da wuyar samun bayanai game da abin da autism yake da gaske - kuma ba haka ba ne.
Mene ne Autism?
Autism wani rikici ne wanda ya haɗa da bambance-bambance da / ko kalubale a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na sadarwa, lafiya da kuma cikakkiyar basirar motar, magana, da basira.
Mutanen da ke da autism suna da mahimmancin amsawa ga shigarwar da suka ji daɗi, kamar ƙwarewar abu mai ban mamaki ga haske, sauti, ƙanshi, dandano, da / ko abubuwan da suke da sha'awa.
Sauran bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da "ƙuƙwalwa" (ƙuƙwalwar hannu, ƙuƙwalwa yana motsawa), buƙatar ɗaukar hoto da sake maimaitawa, damuwa, da kuma-wasu lokuta-ƙwarewar "kwarewa" a wasu yankuna (sau da yawa music da math).
Saboda autism wani nau'in bidiyon ne, yana yiwuwa ya kasance mai laushi, matsakaici, ko mai tsanani autistic.
Tabbas, zaku iya haɗuwa da muni mai tsanani kuma mai tsanani. Alal misali, yana yiwuwa ya zama mai hankali da magana amma kuma yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da damuwar jiki.
Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa autism ba wata cuta ce ta jiki ba kuma yanayin da ya ci gaba da muni. A gaskiya ma, kusan dukkanin masu tsauraran ra'ayi suna girma da kuma tsufa a tsawon lokaci, musamman ma jiyya mai tsanani.
Ta wannan alama, duk da haka, babu magani mai tsafta don autism. Wannan yana nufin cewa yaron da aka gano tare da autism zai kusan girma har ya zama tsufa da autism-tare da kalubale da kuma ƙarfin da ya zo tare da ganewar asali.
Ta yaya Autism ta Canji
An fara bayyana autism a matsayin rarrabaccen yanayi a cikin shekarun 1930. Ma'anar, duk da haka, ya canza radically fiye da shekaru. Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, Asurger ciwo ya kara da cewa a cikin 1994 ta hanyar autism.
Tun lokacin da aka fara bayanin autism, yawan mutanen da aka bincikar sun tashi a fili. Ana iya danganta wannan, a kalla zuwa babban harka, don canzawa cikin fassarar matsalar.
Daga tsakanin 1994 zuwa Mayu 2013, akwai alamun kimiyya guda biyar daban-daban. A wani ɓangare na bakan shine Asperger ciwo , wanda ake kira "Little Little Professor syndrome." A wani ɓangare na bakan na rashin lafiya, wanda aka sani ga jinkirin ci gaba da kalubale. Tsakanin akwai matakan ci gaba da dama da suka shafi ciwon sikila ciki har da ciwon sutura, ƙwayar cuta ta X, da ciwon ci gaba da rashin ci gaba amma ba a kayyade (PDD-NOS) ba .
Yau, tare da wallafa DSM-5 (Harshen Sharuɗɗa na Shari'ar Hoto na 5) akwai nau'i ɗaya na bincike don mutanen da ke da autism: rashin lafiya irin ta autism .
Duk wanda ke da alamar cututtuka da ya dace da autism zai sami samfurin ASD, tare da matakin aiki (1 (aiki mai tsanani), 2 (matsakaici mai tsanani), ko 3 (mai tsanani) kuma, idan ya dace, masu ƙayyadewa. Wasu samfurori na kowa sun haɗa da nakasa rashin lafiya, damuwa, da sauransu.
Wannan canji yana nufin cewa mutane da yawa da aka gano da Asperger ciwo sun "rasa" lakabin wannan lakabin. Amma saboda lokacin da ake amfani da cutar Asperger kamar yadda aka saba amfani dashi, kuma ya bayyana irin wannan nau'i na bincike, sunan ya makale. A sakamakon haka, mutane da yawa tare da aikin autism har yanzu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin ciwon Asperger ciwo.
5 Abubuwa da za su sani game da Autism
1. A mafi yawan lokuta, ba mu san abin da ke haifar da autism ba . Mun sani cewa wasu kwayoyi, wadanda aka dauka a lokacin daukar ciki, na iya kara yawan haɗarin autism. Baya ga wannan, duk da haka, iliminmu yana iyakancewa.
Alal misali, mun san cewa yara suna da haɗari mafi girma fiye da 'yan mata, amma ba mu san dalilin da yasa ba. Hakazalika, mun san cewa iyaye masu tsofaffi suna iya samun 'ya'ya masu haɓaka - amma kuma ba mu san dalilin da yasa ba.
Mun san cewa autism yana da alaƙa a cikin iyalai, amma da yanke shawarar kada a haifi 'ya'ya, babu wata hanya ta san idan jariri zai kasance ko ba zai kasance ba.
- Mene ne wasu dalilai na haɗari ga Autism?
- Shin Ɗanmu Na Ƙarshe Zai kasance Na Gaskiya?
- Shin Tsarin Autism ne?
- Shin Magunguna ke haifar da Autism?
2. Akwai magungunan autism da yawa amma ba a san magani ba. Tsarin kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta ba shi da mawuyacin likita, amma a maimakon haka ya haɗa da halin kirki, ci gaba, maganganu, da kuma aikin aikin. A lokuta da yawa, hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya samun tasiri sosai.
Saboda yawancin yara da autism suna da matsalolin gastrointestinal, yana da muhimmanci mahimmanci don kauce wa wasu abinci yayin tabbatar da yaronka yana da abinci mai kyau. Amma a halin yanzu, babu magani, magani, ko abincin da za su iya magance autism.
3. Autism na iya zama tushen karfi da kalubale. Akwai, kodayaushe, kalubale da dama da suka shafi autism. Amma a lokaci guda, mutane da dama a kan bakan suna da matsakaicin matsanancin ƙarfi.
Misali:
- Mutane da yawa tare da autism suna da hankali sosai. Har ma ya fi girma yawan suna da ƙananan ƙwararrun tunani tare da yankuna masu ƙarfin hankali.
- Mutane da yawa a kan bakan suna da kwarewa sosai a yankunan kiɗa, matsa, fasaha, fasaha, da aikin injiniya-duk da cewa basirar "basira" na da wuya.
- Mutanen da ke da autism sun kasance masu aminci da gaskiya, a wani ɓangare saboda suna da wuyar ganewa ko yin amfani da lalata, rashin gaskiya, ladabi, ko "farar fata."
4. Akwai labarai da yawa game da autism. Yana da wuya ga mafi yawan mutane marasa bangaskiya su yi tunanin abin da yake son zama autistic. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin gwaje-gwaje da gwagwarmaya na IQ sun samo asali ne ga mutanen da ba su da hankalinsu. A sakamakon haka, labari ya taso a kusa da autism.
Alal misali, wasu mutane sun gaskata cewa mutane masu tsauraran ra'ayi ba su da ikon ƙauna, basu da hankali, ko suna da rashin tausayi. Wadannan imani sun fito ne daga rashin fahimta ba daga gaskiya ba.
5. Duk nau'in autism na iya zama kalubale. Hanyoyi masu yawa na autism na iya zama da wuya a gudanar saboda suna iya haɓaka da halayyar rikici da kuma matsalolin sadarwa. Amma babban aikin autism yana da alaƙa tare da al'amurran kiwon lafiya na tunanin mutum irin su tashin hankali, halin da ake ciki, rashin tausayi mai tsanani, har ma da bakin ciki.
Ga wadanda suke tare da ganewar asali
Idan jaririnka kwanan nan an gano shi tare da autism, yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayin neman ra'ayi na biyu-musamman ma idan ganewar asali ya fito ne daga wani tushe banda mai sana'a tare da matsala mai yawa.
Da zarar ka tabbatar da ganewar yaronka, kyakkyawan mataki na gaba shi ne tuntuɓi dan makaranta da kuma makaranta don kafa sabbin ayyuka na gaggawa. Hakanan zaka iya so a bincika shirye-shirye na makarantun sakandare da kungiyoyi na kungiya. A lokacin da kake binciken autism, tabbas ka duba hanyoyin ka a hankali, saboda akwai matsala da dama game da intanet da kuma ta wurin itacen inabi.
Lokacin da aka gano marasa lafiya tare da autism, yawanci saboda suna rayuwa tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Gaskiyar ita ce babu bukatar yin wani abu bayan bin ganewar asali; autism ba magani, don haka hanyoyin shan magani da magunguna su ne masu zaɓi.
Yawancin mutane da yawa, duk da haka, sun zabi su biyo bayan ganewar su ta hanyar kaiwa ga kamfanonin kai tsaye da kungiyoyin tallafi, ta hanyar gano magungunta tare da kwarewa mai dacewa, ta hanyar neman taimako tare da ƙalubalen ƙwarewar, ko kuma ta hanyar ƙarin koyo game da matsalar.
Tambayoyi don Tambaya Game da Autism
Yayin da ka fara tunani game da ganewar autism, akwai wasu takamaiman tambayoyi da za ka so ka bincika. Wadannan zasu iya haɗawa da:
- Wadanne ne mafi kyawun maganin wulakanci na ɗana?
- Wani irin tsarin ilimi zai fi kyau ga ɗana?
- Wane nau'i na wasanni da abubuwan jin dadin al'umma zasu iya dacewa ga ɗana?
- Yaya zan yi shirin na dogon lokaci na ɗana?
Rayuwa da Autism
Idan an gano danka tare da autism, zai zama mahimmanci a mafi yawan yanke shawara da ka yi da shi. Sha'idodin ku zai bambanta dangane da alamar jaririnku, amsarku ga waɗannan alamomi, halinku na rayuwa, da kuɗin ku.
Amma komai, zaku bukaci tunani da kuma shirya kewaye da autism dinku. Zai yiwu mafi mahimmanci, za ku bukaci yin aiki tare da makarantu, hukumomi da hukumomi na tarayya, masu tursasawa, da lauya don neman shawara don bukatun ku.
Kalma Daga
A ganewar asali na autism zai iya zama mamaye. Ga wasu mutane, har ma yana jin tsoro. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa ya fi yiwuwar rayuwa da autism.
Bayan lokaci, zaku gano nau'o'in albarkatun da dama da ke samuwa ga yara da autism da iyalansu. Zaka kuma gane ikonka na iya jimrewa - har ma da bunƙasa-tare da autism.
Sources:
Cibiyar ta Autism Society of America
Cutar Rashin Jari na Autism (Rahoton Ci Gaban Turawa) Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Harkokin Lafiya, 2016.
Greenspan, Stanley. "Yaro da Bukatun Musamman." C 1998: Litattafan Perseus.
Romanowski, Patricia et al. "Cibiyar OASIS ga Ciwon Cutar Asperger." C 2000: Mawallafan Kasuwanci, New York, NY.