Mahimmanci don ƙwarewar Autism
Kafin watan Mayu 2013, akwai alamun binciken guda biyar na autism. Yau, kamar yadda tsarin ilimin likitanci na Amirka ya gano, DSM-5, akwai guda ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayar cuta ta Autism. Ko autism din yana da matukar tsanani ko kuma mai sauƙi , ko ganewarka shine Asperger ciwo ko Ƙwararrakin Kai, yanzu an haɗu da kai a ƙarƙashin ƙwararren ƙwararriya.
Idan har yanzu kuna da nakasar cutar ta autism wanda ya kasance ba a cikin DSM ba-har yanzu ana daukar ku autistic.
Yadda DSM (Fassara Manual) ke aiki
Ana amfani da DSM-5, wani lokacin da ake kira "Littafi Mai Tsarki" na ganewar lafiyar kwakwalwar mutum, don sanin wanda yake samun ayyuka, wane irin sabis da suke samu, kuma ko suna da cancanta ga wasu nau'o'in ilimi. Idan jarrabaccen jariri wanda ya ji cewa ya dace da waɗannan ka'idoji, za ta sami duka ganewar asali da kuma wasu kayan aiki, ciki har da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, ayyukan ilimi na musamman, da kuma wasu zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda za su iya samuwa ta wurin jiharka ko jihohi.
A nan ne ka'idodin bincike na asali na DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder:
A. Ƙananan raguwa a cikin sadarwar zamantakewa da kuma hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a a fadin ɗumbin abubuwa, kamar yadda aka nuna ta waɗannan, a halin yanzu ko ta tarihi:
1. Lalacewa a cikin karɓuwa na zamantakewa-ta hanyar tunani, jere, alal misali, daga mawuyacin tsarin zamantakewar jama'a da rashin cin zarafin al'ada; don rage rabon bukatun, motsin zuciyarmu, ko tasiri; don kasa yin amfani da shi ko amsawa ga hulɗar zamantakewa.
2. Lalacewa a cikin halayen halayyar sadarwa da aka yi amfani dashi don hulɗar zamantakewa, jere, misali, daga hanyar sadarwa da rashin daidaitattun bayanai; ga abubuwan haɓakawa a fuskar ido da kuma harshen jiki ko kasawar fahimtar da amfani da gestures; ga rashin cikakkiyar maganganun fuska da kuma sadarwa maras kyau.
3. Lalacewa wajen bunkasa, riƙewa, da fahimtar dangantaka, jere, alal misali, daga matsalolin daidaita daidaitattun dabi'u; don matsalolin yin musayar wasan kwaikwayo ko yin abokai; don rashin amfani da takwarorina.
B. Ƙuntatawa, maƙalantattun dabi'u na halayyar, bukatu, ko ayyuka, kamar yadda aka bayyana ta akalla biyu daga cikin waɗannan, a halin yanzu ko ta tarihi
1. Stereotyped ko sake maimaita motar motar, amfani da abubuwa, ko magana (misali, 'yan wasan motsa jiki mai sauki, ƙuƙwalwa kayan wasa ko abubuwa masu rarraba , kalmomi, kalmomi masu tsinkaye).
2 .Mahimmanci game da tsinkaya, maida hankali ga al'ada, ko samfurori na al'ada ko lalacewa (misali, matsananciyar wahala a kananan canje-canje, matsaloli tare da sauye-sauye, sassaucin ra'ayi na tunani, salutun gaisuwa, buƙatar ɗaukar hanya ɗaya ko ci abinci ɗaya kowace rana).
3. Abun ƙuntatawa, ƙayyadaddun bukatun da suke da haukaci a cikin tsanani ko mayar da hankali (misali, ƙayyadaddun abin da aka haɗaka ko ƙwaƙwalwa tare da abubuwa masu ban mamaki, abubuwan da ke da ƙari ko haɗin kai).
4. Hyper- ko jigilar jiki don shigar da hankulan ko sha'awar abu mai ban sha'awa a cikin abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci na yanayi (misali, rashin jin dadi ga rashin zafi / zazzabi, mummunar amsa ga sauti ko sautin yanayi, daɗaɗɗen ƙanshi ko taɓawa da abubuwa, ƙauna mai haske da hasken wuta ko motsi) .
C. Cutar cututtuka dole ne a kasance a farkon lokacin ci gaba (amma bazai zama cikakke ba har sai bukatun zamantakewa ya wuce iyakokin iyaka, ko kuma ana iya kariya ta hanyar koyon ilmantarwa a rayuwa mai zuwa).
D. Cutar cututtuka na haifar da rashin daidaituwa a asibiti a cikin zamantakewa, sana'a, ko wasu muhimman wurare na aikin yanzu.
E. Wadannan rikice-rikicen ba su da kyau ta bayyana rashin lafiyar basira (ƙwarewar ƙwarewar hankali) ko jinkirta ci gaban duniya. Damarar hankali da kuma rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar autism akai-akai; don tabbatar da cututtuka na rashin lafiya da kuma rashin lafiya na rashin hankali, haɗin sadarwar zamantakewa ya kamata a kasa da abin da ake sa ran za a ci gaba da ci gaba.
Abin da za a yi idan yaro yayi dacewa da ma'auni ga Autism
Ka'idojin autism na iya zama mai kyau a hankali, kuma za ku iya jin cewa yaronku yana autistic. A gaskiya, duk da haka, akwai wasu gwaje-gwajen da ke taimaka wa masu aikin ƙayyade ko bayyanar cututtuka ta tashi zuwa matakin autism. Haka ma yana iya yiwuwar cewa wani abu ne da yake da alamar autism; jinƙan sauraro, damuwa, maganganu, har ma ADHD na iya kuskuren autism.
Idan kun damu, ko da yake, yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayin da za ku nema a nunawa da kuma kimantawa. Yayinda likitancinku ya samar da samfuri. Duk da yake ba sanannen ganewa ba ne, zai iya taimakawa likita don sanin ko kimantaccen kimantawa ya dace.
Wani gwagwarmaya shine tsari wanda ya ƙunshi masu sana'a da yawa da ya hada da tsarar gwaje-gwaje da tambayoyi. Kwararren likitan ku, likitan makaranta, ko kuma kungiyar Autism Society za ta iya taimaka maka ka sami ƙungiyar gwagwarmaya da ke da masaniya da ilimi.
Sources:
Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙasar Amirka. (2000). Bincike da rikice-rikice na ilimin tunanin mutum (4th ed., Text rev.). Washington, DC.
Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙasar Amirka. (2013). Bincike da rikice-rikice na ƙwayar cuta (5th ed.). Washington, DC.