Asperger syndrome, daya daga cikin mutum biyar da aka gano a cikin wani nau'in da ake kira ciwon ci gaba mai ci gaba, an kara shi ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amirka da DSN -IV a shekara ta 1994. Ya bayyana mutanen da ke da nauyin autism .
An cire magungunan asperger daga littafin mai zuwa, DSM-V, a 2013.
A yau, mutane da alamun alamun abin da za a kira Asperger ciwo an yanzu an gano su suna da matsala guda ɗaya na nakasassu na autism (ko da yake ana amfani da sunan asali na yanayin da yawancin masu ilmin kiwon lafiyar ke amfani dasu, don haka aka yi amfani dashi a nan).
Sanyar cutar Asperger ya bambanta da sauran cututtuka a kan bangaskiya ta autism saboda wani abu ne da aka gano a cikin yara da tsofaffi, kamar yadda ya saba da kananan yara. Yawancin yara da yawa masu aiki da autism sun haɗu da samfurorin farko tare da launuka masu tashi - wato har sai sun kai ga shekarun lokacin da ake sa ran gudanar da hadisai na zamantakewar zamantakewa, tattaunawa, ko kalubale na kwayoyin halitta (sau da yawa sau uku, amma wasu lokuta daga baya).
DSM-IV ya bayyana bambancin bambancin tsakanin cututtukan Asperger da sauran cututtuka irin na autism, yana cewa:
- "Abubuwa masu mahimmanci na Asperger's Disorder suna da mummunan ciwo a cikin hulɗar zamantakewa ... da kuma ci gaba da ƙuntatawa, sifofi na hali, bukatu, da ayyukan ... Abinda ya kamata ya haifar da rashin lahani a cikin zamantakewa, sana'a, ko sauran Muhimmancin yankunan da ke aiki.Ya bambanta da Autistic Disorder , babu wani jinkiri mai mahimmanci na asibiti ko ƙwarewa a cikin haɓakar harshe (misali, kalmomin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba ne a cikin shekaru 2, kuma ana amfani da kalmomi masu magana da juna kamar shekaru 3). amma duk da haka wasu nau'o'in ƙwayoyi na zamantakewa (misali, na ba da shawara da kuma yin tattaunawa) na iya shafar. "
Duk da yake waɗannan suna da mahimmanci bambance-bambance a cikin ganewar asali, gaskiyar ita ce - a cikin maganganun Asperger Dr. Syndrome - "bambancin dake tsakanin autism da kuma Asperger ciwo ne mafi yawa a cikin rubutun."
Wannan shi ne musamman a yayin da yara suka girma da kuma bambance-bambance a cikin ikon da ake da ita lokacin da suka kai shekaru uku ba su da muhimmanci.
A lokacin da mutane da cututtukan Asperger ko halayyar autism suna da karfin gaske, waɗannan rarrabuwa sun ɓace sosai, yana mai da wuya ƙwarai wajen rarrabe tsakanin magunguna biyu.
Tarihin Asperger Ciwo
Hans Asperger wani dan jariri ne na Viennese wanda ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar yara, dukansu suna da irin bambancin ci gaba. Duk da yake sun kasance masu basira kuma suna da ilimin harshe na al'ada, sun kuma sami alamun alamun autism-kamar alamun.
A sakamakon yakin duniya na biyu, aikin Asperger ya ɓace saboda shekaru masu yawa. Lokacin da aka fara a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, hakan ya ba da sha'awa sosai. A yau, rashin lafiyar Asperger-duk da cewa gaskiyar cewa ba ta da wata hanyar bincike-bincike-yana cikin labarai kusan kowace rana.
Mene ne alamun cututtuka na rashin lafiyar Asperger (Level 1 Cutar Abism)?
Yawancin mutanen da ke da ikon yin aiki autism ba su da matsala tare da maganganu na ainihi, kuma suna iya zama masu basira da kuma iyawa. Matsalolin da ke fitowa ga mutanen da aka gano tare da Asperger (matakin autism 1) sun hada da:
- Difficultu da zamantakewar zamantakewa da sadarwa (ikon iya karanta "harshe jiki, fahimtar sarcasm, da dai sauransu)
- Sensitivity to loud noise, hasken wuta, da kuma sauran shigarwa sensory
Kowane mutum yana da matsala tare da:
- Canje-canje a lokuta
- Tattaunawa / tunani game da batutuwa da basu da sha'awa sosai
- Sanin abin da wasu mutane ke tunani ko ji
Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa mutanen da ke dauke da autism basu da karfin motsin zuciya kuma suna iya jin dadi sosai. A hakikanin gaskiya, suna iya zama wani tunani na musamman, mai mahimmanci, kuma sauƙin kai ga farin ciki, fushi, damuwa, sha'awar zuciya, da dai sauransu.
A wasu lokuta, ƙila su kasance masu ban sha'awa da kuma sababbin (duk da haka a wasu, sun fi son aikin yau da kullum). Amma matsaloli sun tashi, duk da haka, yayin da masu haɗaka a matsanancin ƙarancin autism suna ci gaba da tarurrukan tarurruka ko tsammanin da suke da mahimmanci kuma suna buƙatar matsayi na tunani na zamantakewa.
Idan wannan yana kama da shi yana bayyana irin mummunan mutane, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa mutumin da yake da alamomi wanda aka bayyana, amma zai iya aiki da kyau cikin rayuwarsa ta yau da kullum, ba za a bincikar shi da Asperger ciwo ba. A wasu kalmomi, mutane da yawa suna da wasu ko alamun bayyanar cututtukan Asperger, amma saboda suna iya riƙe aiki ko aiki a makaranta, suna hulɗa da juna tare da wasu, kuma suna kula da bukatunsu na yau da kullum, ba su iya ganowa ba. kamar yadda yake da yanayin.
Zan iya (ko wani ya san) Shin Ashirger ciwo?
Tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa babu wanda zai iya samun asirin Asperger ba, shin kai ko wani wanda ka san suna da irin wannan alamar wariyar launin fata kuma, saboda haka, cancanci samun ganewar asirin ta autism? Tabbas tabbas ne, kuma an tsara wasu gwaje-gwajen kai-da-kai don samar da hujja game da ko kimantawa zai zama kyakkyawan ra'ayin.
Sabis na Cambridge Lifespan Asperger (CLASS), ƙungiya a Ƙasar Ingila wanda yake aiki tare da manya da Asperger ta, ya kirkiro jerin jerin lambobi 10 masu sauki don taimakawa tare da ganewa na farko:
- Na ga al'amuran zamantakewa masu rikitarwa.
- Na yi wuya a yi karamin magana.
- Ban ji dadin rubutun labari ba a makaranta.
- Ina da kyau a tattara bayanai da gaskiyar.
- Na yi wuya a yi aiki da abin da wasu mutane ke tunani da kuma ji.
- Zan iya mayar da hankali ga wasu abubuwa don tsawon lokaci.
- Sau da yawa mutane sukan ce ina da lahani ko da lokacin da ban yi niyyar zama ba.
- Ina da karfi da yawa, matsanancin abu.
- Na yi wasu abubuwa a cikin hanya mai sauƙi , maimaitawa .
- Ko da yaushe ina da wahala yin abokai.
Idan kun amsa "yes" ga yawancin wadannan tambayoyi game da kanka ko ƙaunatacciyarka, mai yiwuwa ka gano wani shari'ar rashin lafiyar Asperger / Level 1. (Hakika, tattaunawa tare da masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya kafin su yi tsalle zuwa duk wani ƙuri'a, duk da haka.) Ga wasu matasa da kuma manya, wannan babban taimako ne: Yana sanya suna a kan wasu batutuwa da suka damu da su a duk rayuwarsu . Har ila yau yana buɗe ƙofar don tallafawa, magani, da kuma al'umma.
Kalma Daga
Akwai masu ilimin ilimin psychologists, likitoci, da sauran masu aiki tare da kwarewa musamman da ke bincikar aikin autism a cikin matasa da kuma manya. Wadannan masu aikin likita zasu iya bayar da shawarar hanyoyin kwantar da hankula kamar su horarwa na zamantakewar al'umma, maganganun maganganu, aikin likita, da dai sauransu. Suna kuma iya bayar da shawarar ku tallafawa gida da kungiyoyin kai tsaye.
Amma san cewa babu wani wajibi don yin wani abu game da cutar Asperger. A gaskiya ma, mutane da yawa suna jin cewa kasancewa "aspie," kamar yadda wasu suke kira shi, wani abu ne na girman kai. Wadannan sune na musamman, sau da yawa mutane masu cin nasara ne kawai ... kansu.
Sources:
> Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka. (2000). Ka'idojin bincike game da matsalar Asperger. A cikin Harshen ganewa da rikice-rikice na nakasassu na lahani (Hudu na huɗu --- rubutun rubutun (DSM-IV-TR) Washington, DC: Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka, 84.
> Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka. (2013). Bincike da rikice-rikice na ƙwayar cuta (5th ed.).
> Cibiyar Nazarin Autism, Ma'aikatar Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci, Jami'ar Cambridge. Yanar Gizo. 2016.
> Tattaunawa tare da Dokta Tony Attwood, Mayu, 2007.