Ga mutane da yawa, abin takaici, labarin autism ya fara da Andrew Wakefield.
Yawancin mutane sun fahimci cewa tunaninsa na yaudara da bincike na banza sun tsoratar da mutane daga yin rigakafi da 'ya'yansu, amma kuma ya sa mutane suyi imani da cutar ta autism da aka ɗauka ga maganin alurar riga kafi.
Wasu mutane sun tafi don su tambayi inda dukkanin matasan 'yan autistic sun kasance idan babu wata sabuwar cuta ta autism wadda ta haifar da karuwa a maganin alurar rigakafi.
Tarihin Autism
Idan ka dauki dan lokaci kadan don fahimtar tarihin autism, yana da sauƙi a ga cewa akwai yalwacin matasan autistic a kusa da kuma cewa autism yana cikin lokaci mai tsawo.
Gaskiyar labarin autism yana da shekaru da yawa, idan ba ƙarni ba. A gaskiya, Steve Silberman, a cikin littafinsa NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and Future of Neurodiversity , ya kasance kamar cewa "mutane autistic sun kasance wani ɓangare na al'umma."
Tarihin da ya gabata na autism (tabbatacce da korau ) ya hada da:
- Oliver Sacks ya rubuta cewa Henry Cavendish, masanin kimiyya wanda aka haife shi a 1731, yana da halaye masu yawa da "kusan dukkanin cututtukan cututtukan Asperger ne." (1731/2001)
- Graham Farmelo, a cikin littafinsa "The Strangest Man," ya rubuta cewa Paul Dirac, masanin kimiyya wanda aka haife shi a 1902, mai yiwuwa ya nuna cewa autism ne. (1902/2011)
- Grunia Sukhareva, dan jariri a cikin Kiev, Rasha, ya rubuta game da yara da ke da alamomi a cikin ilimin likitancin Jamus da labarun neurology. (1926)
- Louise Despert, masanin kimiyya a New York, ya rubuta game da 23 lokuta na yarinya na yara, wasu daga cikinsu sunyi alamun bayyanar da suke kama da rarrabuwar autism. (1938)
- Hans Asperger ya wallafa nazarin kimiyya na farko na yara tare da autism ko Autismus, nazarin binciken da ya kwatanta 'ya'ya hudu kawai, ko da yake ya bayyana cewa yana aiki da 100s na yara tare da autism da Aspergers ciwo a asibitinsa a Vienna. (1943)
- Leo Kanner ta wallafa "Ƙungiyar 'Yan Adam na Abokan Hulɗa," wanda ya kwatanta marasa lafiya 11 tare da autism maras haihuwa (sunan da aka kirkira a 1944) a cikin mujallar "The Child Nervous." (1943)
- Kanner yayi shelar ka'idar cewa autism yana haifar da mahaifiyar firiji (1949)
- Lauretta Bender ya yi aiki tare da yara a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960
- Bruno Bettelheim ya rubuta littafinsa "Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa," wanda ke ƙarfafa ka'idar mahaifiyar firiji a matsayin dalilin autism. (1967)
- A cikin DSM-I, yara suna da alamun alamar autism an lakafta su suna kasancewa a cikin ƙuruciyar yara. (1952)
- Leon Eisenberg ya wallafa takarda "Child Autistic Child in Adolescence," bayan 63 yara autistic. (1956)
- An kafa Kamfanin Taimakon Ƙananan Yara da ke Arewacin London (daga bisani ya zama Kamfanin Ƙasa na {asa na Jama'a). (1962)
- Bernard Rimland ya wallafa littafinsa "Infantile Autism: Ciwon daji da Hannunsa don Tsarin Kasuwanci na Zama." (1964)
- Ole Ivar Lovaas ya fara aiki akan ka'idar ABA don 'ya'yan yara. (1964)
- Cibiyar Elgar ta Cibiyar Elgar ta fara "koyarwa da kula da yara da autism." (1965)
- Wata ƙungiya na iyaye na 'yan yara da ke da' ya'ya 'yan yara sunyi taro na farko na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar' Yan Adam ta Ƙasa (wanda ake kira Autism Society of America). (1965)
- A cikin DSM-II da aka sabunta, har yanzu akwai wani nau'i dabam don autism. (1968)
- An gudanar da taron {ungiyar Jama'ar {ananan 'Yancin Jakadancin {asashen Waje a {asar Washington. (1969).
- Kotun Somerset ta zama "cibiyar koyarwa ta farko ga mutanen dake da autism a Birtaniya." (1972)
- Lee Felsenstein, wanda aka gano da cutar Asperger a baya, ya haifar da rumfar rumfunan lantarki ta farko - Community Memory. (1973)
- Ilimi ga dukan yara marasa lafiya dokar an kafa "don tallafa wa jihohi da yankuna don kare haƙƙoƙin 'yancin, saduwa da bukatun kowa, da kuma inganta sakamakon" yara da nakasa, wanda akasarin su an cire su daga makaranta. (1975)
- Lorna Wing yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa ka'idar rashin tausayi na ka'idar autism iri iri (1970s)
- DSM-III a ƙarshe ya hada da ma'auni don ganewar asali na autism maras kyau tare da abubuwa uku masu muhimmanci. (1980)
- Susan Moreno ya kirkiro takardar labarai tare da gudummawa daga mutane da autism "Residual Autism Newsletter" (daga bisani ya sake rubuta shi zuwa 'mutanen da suka fi dacewa' yanci 'ko MAPP) (1984)
- Haikali Grandin ya rubuta 'gaggawa.' (1986)
- An sake bidiyon bidiyon mai shekaru 24 da haihuwa - 'Hoton wani saurayi mai ƙaƙƙarfan'. (1986)
- DSM-III-R ta ƙara PDD-NOS kuma tana ƙara dan ƙaramin sassauci ga ganewar asali na yara. (1987)
- An haɗa Autism a matsayin wani nau'i na nakasassu a cikin Dokar Ilimi ta Mutum (IDEA), yana mai sauƙin samun sabis. (1990)
- Donna Williams, dan jarida, ya rubuta littafi na farko na littattafai na asali - "Babu Wanda Babu." (1991)
- "20/20" da sauran nuna nuna rahoto da ke ƙoƙarin haɗuwa da gurɓin muhalli da autism a garin Leominster, Massachusetts, wanda ake zaton 'yanci autism wanda ba da daɗewa ba ba da jimawa ba, har da rabin yara ba su da autism da wasu don 'ko ma zauna a yankin. (1992)
- Kungiyar Autism Network International kungiya ce ta ƙungiyar autistic mutane. (1992)
- Ƙarin ƙididdigar da kuma ƙarin alamar cututtuka an kara su a cikin mahimmancin mahimmanci a cikin DSM-IV. (1994)
- Catarina Maurice ta rubuta littafin nan 'Bari In Ji Muryarka: Gidan Iyali a kan Autism' (1994)
- Michael ne ainihin hali a littafin 'Microserfs' (1995) na Douglas Copeland
- Oliver Sacks, MD ya rubuta cewa 'An Anthropologist a Mars,' wanda ya hada da labarai da dama game da matasan autistic, ciki har da Temple Grandin da Stephen Wiltshire. (1995)
- Ƙungiyar Autism Duniya ta farko da aka fara gudanar da taro don ƙaddamarwa. (1996)
- Cure Autism Yanzu an kafa shi kuma ƙarshe ya hada da Autism Magana. (1995/2007)
- Andrew Wakefield ya wallafa takardunsa a Lancet kuma ya ce ba zai yi amfani da maganin rigakafi na MMR ba saboda hadarin da ake yi na autism. (1998)
- Judy Singer ya rubuta game da nau'in halitta. (1999)
- Ƙungiyar Autism ta amince da kullun ta Autism da ƙwaƙwalwa a matsayin "alama ta duniya game da ilimin autism." (1999)
- An kafa kwamitin hadin gwiwar Autism (IACC) ta Dokar Lafiya ta Yara na 2000.
- Karyn Seroussi ya rubuta littafin nan 'Bincike da Tarihi na Autism da Tsarin Harkokin Ci Gaba: Labari na Uba na Bincike da Saukewa' (2000)
- Tattaunawa game da Curing Autism (2000)
- Steve Silberman ya rubuta cewa "Ciwon Gishiri na Geek" a cikin mujallar Wired (2001)
- DSM-IV TR (2002)
- Ƙungiyoyi na Duniya da Yanki na Asibiti (GRASP), ƙungiyar da mutanen Asperger da Autism Spectrum Disorders suke gudanarwa. (2003)
- Bernard Rimland, na Cibiyar Nazarin Autism da Kashe Autism Yanzu! ladabi, ya rubuta littafin nan "Maida martani ga yara." An haife shi ne a 1956. (2003)
- An yi amfani da Wrong Planet, shafin yanar gizon dalla-dalla don kwarewa. (2004)
- Sanata Sanata ya rubuta 'Yin Salama tare da Autism' (2005)
- Ari Ne'eman ya fara kamfanin Intanet (Self-Advocacy Network) (ASAN). (2006)
- Dora Raymaker da Christina Nicolaidis sun fara Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Autistic a cikin bincike da ilimi (AASPIRE). (2006)
- Kashe Dokar Autism (2006/2011)
- Amelia Baggs yana bugawa 'In My Language' video to YouTube (2007)
- Rahoton CDC / ADDM ya nuna cewa yawancin autism yana cikin 1 a cikin yara 150 (yara da aka haifa a 1994). (2007)
- Jenny McCarthy ya fara aiki tare da Generation Rescue, wata kungiyar da ke tunanin cewa maganin rigakafi da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli suna haifar da autism. (2008)
- Alison Singer ya yi murabus daga Autism yayi magana kuma ya fara Kamfanin Kimiyya na Autism. (2009)
- Rahoton CDC / ADDM ya nuna cewa yawancin autism ya karu zuwa 1 a 110 (yara haifa a 1998). (2009)
- Corina Becker ya rubuta wani sakon da ke farawa na shekara ta shekara ta Magana. (2010)
- Andrew Wakefield ya yi hasarar lasisin likita kuma an dakatar da shi daga aikin likita, bayan yada takaddamar takaddamar ta autism. (2010/2004)
- Julia Bascom ya fara aikin aikin hannu. (2011)
- An fara Shirin Mutum Mai Hikima zuwa Autism. (2011)
- Paula Durbin Westby ya shirya na farko da aka karɓa na Autism, wanda ke faruwa a kowane watan Afrilu. (2011)
- Rahoton CDC / ADDM ya nuna cewa tarin autism ya karu zuwa 1 a 88 (yaran da aka haifa a 2000). (2012)
- DSM-5 haɗu da autism, Asperger, ƙin ƙetare yara, da kuma PDD NOS a cikin rikice-rikice na autism. (2013)
- Rahoton CDC / ADDM ya nuna cewa yawancin autism ya karu zuwa 1 a 68 (yaran da aka haifa a 2002). (2014)
- Dokar Autism CARES na 2014
- Steve Silberman ya rubuta NeuroTribes (2015)
- Binciken CDC / ADDM na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa yawancin autism ya kasance a 1 a 68 (yara da aka haifa a 2004). (2016)
Menene gaba?
Sources
Manouilenko I, Sukhareva - Kafin Asperger da Kanner. Nord J Zuciyar. 2015 Aug; 69 (6): 479-82
Baker, Jeffrey, P. Autism a 70 - Redrawing da Boundaries. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1089-1091
Fellowes, Sam. Shin Kanner Yayi Magana da Asalin Farko na Autism? The Mystery na 1938. Journal of Autism da kuma Developmental Disorders. Yuli 2015, Volume 45, Issue 7, shafi 2274-2276
Feinstein, Adams. Tarihi na Autism: Tattaunawa tare da Masiha.
Silberman, Steve. NeuroTribes. 2015.