Abubuwa da Abunormalities na Mediastinum
Mene ne tashar watsa labaru da kuma kayan da zane-zane suke a wannan sashin kirji? Wadanne yanayi na likita zai iya faruwa a cikin cibiyar sadarwa? Waɗanne nau'i ne na magungunan kafofin watsa labaru ko ciwace-ciwacen da aka samo a cikin sassa uku na kafofin watsa labaru?
Ma'anar: Mediastinum
Wurin watsa labaran shi ne yanki a cikin kirji tsakanin huhu da ke dauke da zuciya, ɓangare na magunguna ( trachea ), da esophagus , da manyan jiragen ruwa ciki har da aorta mai hawa (babban maganin dake ɗaukar jini daga ventricle na hagu na zuciya a kan hanyar zuwa ga sauran jiki) da dama da hagu na arteries-musamman dukkanin kwayoyin cikin kirji sai dai huhu.
Har ila yau yana da gida ga ƙwayoyin lymph da jijiyoyi masu yawa. Ana fassara kalmar mediastinum a matsayin "midway" a cikin Latin, dangane da tsakiyar ɓangaren kirji.
Zaka iya ganin wannan yanki ta wurin ganin diaphragm a matsayin kasa, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar (sternum) a matsayin gaba, jinin jini wanda ya shiga kuma ya fita zuciya kamar saman, da kashin baya (lakabiyar gefe) a matsayin gefen baya.
Tsarin - An rarraba cibiyar sadarwa zuwa yankuna 3:
- Ƙari - Aikin watsa labarun baya ne kawai a gefen hagu kuma ya ƙunshi wasu karamin ƙararraji da kuma ƙwayoyin lymph.
- Tsakiyar - Tsakanin matsakaicin matsakaici shine mafi girman rabo, kuma ya ƙunshi zuciya, tasoshin jini ciki har da waɗanda ke tafiya daga huhu zuwa zuciya, da kuma ƙwayoyin lymph.
- Matsayi - Matsakaici na jarida yana dauke da esophagus, da jini da jijiyoyin jini, da kuma ƙwayoyin lymph .
Yanayi da ke shafi Mediastinum
Akwai yanayi da yawa na kiwon lafiya wanda zai iya rinjayar sifofi a cikin matsakaici.
Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
- Ciwon daji - Cutar cututtukan kamar lymphomas ( lymphoma Hodgkin da lymphomas wadanda ba Hodgkins), wasu ciwon kwayar cutar kwayar cuta, da kuma thymomas (cututtukan kamus na thymus) a cikin mediastinum.
- Ciwon sukari na Benign - Sugar ƙwayoyin cuta na kwayar cuta irin su teratomas da cymo-dermoid na iya faruwa a cikin wannan yanki.
- Mumbai na lymph (magungunan lymph nodes shafi da ciwon daji) - Magunguna irin su ciwon huhu na huhu zai iya yadawa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wannan yanki (magungunan lymph and tracheobronchial lymph nodes.)
- Harkokin Lymphadenopathy - Harshen kututtukan ƙwayar cuta a cikin mai jarida zai iya faruwa tare da wasu cututtuka, musamman cututtuka na viral.
- Aneurysms - Thoracic aortic aneurysms ne mai tsanani yanayin shafe mediastinum.
- Nama lalacewa - Magungunan da suke wucewa ta hanyar watsa labaru zasu iya lalacewa, misali ta matsa lamba daga ƙwayar kututtuka ko ƙwayar lymph a cikin wannan yanki.
Massarar Mediastinal
Mahimmancin labarun watsa labarai ana lura da su ne da farko lokacin da aka yi nazari don kimanta bayyanar cututtuka da suka danganci kirji, irin su tari, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, ko wasu alamu. Yawancin mutane a cikin kafofin watsa labaru sune ƙananan kuma ba su da wata alamar bayyanar. Lokacin da suke babba zasu iya haifar da rashin lafiya na numfashi (wahalar numfashi ko samun isasshen oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda) tare da matsalolin zuciya, irin su digo daga jini ko rage yawan jini.
Yawan shekarun mutum da kuma wurin da ake da shi a matsakaici na da muhimmanci a la'akari da ganewar asali. A cikin yara, magungunan kafofin watsa labarun sukan faru sau da yawa a cikin matsakaiciyar matsakaici kuma suna da ma'ana (wadanda basu da kyan gani). Mabanin haka, magungunan watsa labarai a cikin manya sunfi kowa a cikin gidan watsa labarai na gaba, kuma sau da yawa m (cancerous.)
Wasu dalilai na magungunan watsa labarun bisa tushen sun haɗa da:
- Matsakaici na zamani - Tumors a cikin wadannan yankuna zasu iya haɗa da thymomas (ciwon daji na thymus, wani sashin jikin a cikin kirji wanda yake da girma a lokacin yaro amma ya ɓace sosai a cikin tsofaffi), lymphomas, da kuma thyroid.
- Tsarin watsa labaru na tsakiya - Ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin lymph sune maɗaukaki ne na wani taro a tsakiya. Wadannan kwayoyin lymph na iya zama alaƙa da ciwon daji. Hakanan za'a iya ganin cysts na Bronchogenic a cikin wannan yanki, da magungunan zuciya na zuciya irin su karar daɗaɗɗa.
- Tsarin watsa labaru na baya - Tsarin cututtuka da kuma wasu cututtuka da ke tattare da jigilar cutar ta jiki zai iya bayyana a cikin gidan watsa labarai na baya, kuma ana iya lura da ƙananan lymph nodes a nan. Sauran yiwuwa sun hada da sarcomas da ectopic thyroid nama (thyroid nama girma a cikin wani yanki a waje da thyroid gland shine.
Ciwon daji na huhu zai iya haifar da taro a kowane bangare na kafofin watsa labaru. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa akwai wasu matsaloli masu yawa a cikin cibiyar sadarwa, kuma yawanci ana bukatar ƙarin gwaji don bayyana ainihin dalili.
Sharuɗɗa Ƙungiyar Mediastinum
- Pneumomediastinum yana nufin kasancewar iska a cikin kafofin watsa labaru, mafi yawancin alaka da rushewa na huhu (pneumothorax.)
- Mediastinitis wata kalma tana nufin wani kamuwa da cuta da ke kunshe da matsakaici.
Tsarin - Mediastinoscopy
Tare da ciwon daji irin su ciwon huhu da kuma lymphomas, likitoci sukan gwada magunguna don ganin ko ciwon daji ya yada zuwa wannan yanki. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a ba likita likitoci su duba wannan yanki ana kiranta mediastinoscopy . Idan ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa nodes a cikin mediastinum ana iya bi da shi sau da yawa fiye da ciwon daji wanda bai yada zuwa wannan yankin ba; kasancewar ƙwayar kututtukan ƙwayar magungunan ƙwayar mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci a maganin cutar kanjamau .
Mediastinoscopy abu ne na yau da kullum don waɗanda aka gano da ciwon huhu tare da ciwon huhu, amma ana iya samun wannan bayani a wasu lokutan ta hanyar binciken PET.
Misalan: Joy yana da hanyar da za a yi don gano ko cutar tajin ta ya yada zuwa ga ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin tasharta.
> Sources:
> Barrington, S., da R. Kluge. FDB PET don maganin Farrawa a Hodgkin da Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Jaridun Turai na Magungunan Nukiliya da Harkokin Maganganu . 2017 Apr 14. (Epub gaba da bugu).
> Berry, M. Binciken Masara'un Mediastinal Masses. Na zamani. Updated 09/28/16. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-patient-with-a-mediastinal-mass
> Li, W., van Boven, W., Annema, J., Eberl, S., Klomp, H. da B de Mol. Gudanar da Masarar Jigilar Magungunan Labaran: Abubuwan Hulɗa da Abubuwa. Journal of Thoracic Disease . 2016 8 (3): E175-84.
> Makarantar Magunguna ta {asar Amirka. Medline Plus. Magungunan jarida. Updated 05/20/16. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001086.htm