Astrocytes da Microglial Cells share Away Neuron Connections
Bincike ya ci gaba da bayyana wasu daga cikin asirin barci. Ƙwararrun ƙwayarwa na iya faruwa a shekarun da suka wuce-ko ma ƙarni-kafin kimiyya ta iya bayanin abin mamaki. Alal misali, mun san cewa mummunar barcin yana da mummunan tasiri akan aikin kwakwalwa da jiki . Nazarin kimiyya yana taimaka mana mu fahimci dalilin da ya sa.
Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya nuna cewa asarar barci na iya inganta cigaba da kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwakwalwa, ciki har da astrocytes da kwayoyin microgial, wanda shine ya sa kuma ya kawar da haɗin kai tsakanin igiyoyi.
Binciken kimiyya bayan wannan binciken, abin da ake nufi ga tunanin mutum, da kuma abin da za a iya yi don kare aikin kwakwalwa ta hanyar tabbatar da cikakken hutawa.
Hanyoyin Rashin Hutu
Tun daga marigayi 1800s, nazarin ya nuna cewa ɓoyayyen barci yana iya haifar da mummunan cutar ga kwayar halitta. Bincike a cikin karnuka ya nuna cewa rashin barci na yau da kullum ya haifar da mutuwa a cikin kwanakin. Kodayake sakamakon ya bayyane, inji ba shine.
A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, yanayin bincike na barci ya fadi, amma akwai matakan da yawa da suka kasance a warware su. Ana ganin sababbin nazarin na yin kwaskwarima akan kusan mako-mako. Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci waɗannan takardun a cikin mahallin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya. Wannan bazai yuwuwa sau da sauƙi ba, musamman ma lokacin da aka yi amfani da harshe a wasu lokuta ba za'a iya bawa. Yi ɗan lokaci don duba wasu daga cikin wadannan binciken kuma kuyi la'akari da ma'anar ma'anar.
Yin nazarin barcin barci a cikin ƙwayoyin Mice
Bari mu binciki binciken da ake yi game da rawar da ake samu a barci da kuma tasiri a kan kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwakwalwar ƙwayoyi. Kwayar jiki da physiology na mice ba daidai ba ne daidai da mutane, amma samfurori a matsayin abubuwan bincike suna bayyane. Ganowa a binciken bincike na likita sau da yawa sun dogara da waɗannan nau'in linzamin kwamfuta.
A cikin takarda a cikin Journal of Neuroscience wanda ake kira "Mace barci yana inganta Furotosis na Astrocytic da Ƙarƙashin Microglial a cikin Cutebral Cortex," Michele Bellisi da abokan aiki sunyi magana akan canje-canje da ke faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin mummunar lalacewar barci. Wadannan masu bincike suna nazarin kwayoyin kwakwalwa da yadda yadda barci yakan shafi aikin su na tsawon shekaru.
Akwai wasu kalmomi masu mahimmanci waɗanda suke buƙatar fahimtar abubuwan da suka gano. Kwakwalwa yana da ƙwayoyin mahimmanci. Neurons su ne maɓalli masu mahimmanci, suna aiki ta hanyar hanyar lantarki a cikin hanyoyi masu yawa. Akwai kuma rukuni na kwayoyin goyan baya a cikin kwakwalwa da ake kira sel mai yalwa. Wadannan sun hada da astrocytes, siffofin tauraron tauraron da ke rufe sauran kwayoyin halitta da kuma haifar da membranes kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a metabolism. Microglia ma sune kwayoyin halitta ne da kuma aiki a matsayin Selvenger Kwayoyin. Su ne phagocytes (a zahiri, "ci Kwayoyin") da tsabtace tarkace a cikin kwakwalwa. Sake kunna wadannan sel cikin kwakwalwa na iya haifar da ƙonewa.
Masu bincike sun rigaya koyi cewa akwai wasu kwayoyin (wanda ake kira Mertk da gashirta na Gas6 ) a cikin masu amfani da astrocyte waɗanda aka kunna bayan sunyi barcin barci. Lokacin da ake farkawawa, waɗannan kwayoyin sunyi aiki a cikin aikin haɓaka.
Bincike ya nuna cewa ɓataccen barci yana haifar da kumburi a cikin jiki, amma ba a sani ba idan waɗannan canje-canje sun faru a cikin kwakwalwa.
Kungiyar bincike na Bellisi ta bincika tasirin barci a kan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar yin amfani da microscope na lantarki da kuma samfurori na samfurori da aka samo daga galiyo na gaba. Suna kallo da dama jihohin: farfadowa ba tare da wata ba, bayan sa'o'i shida zuwa takwas, barcin barci, da kwanciyar hankali (kusan kwanaki biyar) na rashin barci. Masu bincike sun ƙaddamar da kundin a cikin ɓarna-haɗin tsakanin igiyoyi-da kuma matakan da ke kusa da ke fitowa daga maƙwabtansu.
Yaya Ƙwayoyin Brain Za Suyi Sauyi Da Rashin Hutu?
An gano cewa astrocytes sun karu da phagocytosis a cikin mummunan lalacewar barci. Wadannan kwayoyin suna cinye ɓangarori na manyan synapses, musamman ma a kan gefen haɗin keɓaɓɓe. Ƙara yawan maganganun MERTK da metabolism na lipids (wanda ake kira peroxidation) sun goyan bayan wannan aikin. Mene ne wannan ke nufi ga amincin kwakwalwa?
Halin da ake ciki na astrocytes a cikin barcin barci na iya wakiltar yadda kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta karbi karuwar aikin synaptic wanda ke haɗe da farkawa. Ka tuna cewa ragowar barci ba wai kawai barci ba ne; shi ne arziki na wakefulness. Wannan tsari ne da ke buƙatar makamashi, da kuma wanda ke samar da samfurori. Dole ne astrocytes su wanke kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su na amfani da synapses.
Lalacin kwanciyar rana a cikin mice ya haifar da kunnawa microglial. Wadannan kwayoyin sune ake kira a cikin hidima ga abubuwa masu girma na ɓoye, kamar yadda ma'aikatan kotu suka kira don tsaftace babban rikici. Kodayake babu alamu na nuna kumburi a cikin ruwan sanyi wanda ke kewaye da kwakwalwa, kasancewar wadannan kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin kwakwalwa shine batun. Zai yiwu yiwuwar ƙarin lalata ga kwakwalwa zai iya haifar da amsa mai mahimmanci, irin wadannan kwayoyin halitta, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa. A sakamakon haka, rashin barci na yau da kullum zai iya haifar da kwakwalwa zuwa matsaloli na har abada.
Hanyoyin Rashin Hutun Lafiya a Kan Kwanan Dawwama
Zai yiwu mafi mahimmanci game da waɗannan masu bincike sun nuna cewa kawai lokuta kadan na barcin barci ya haifar da karuwa a cikin kwayoyin astrocyte. Lokacin da aka rabu da barci, aikin ya kara ƙãra kuma an kunna maɓallin microgial. Wadannan ayyuka na gida na iya taimakawa wajen tallafawa karfi a cikin kwakwalwa.
Abin takaici, rashin kwanciyar hankali na yau da kullum yana iya zama kamar sauran damuwa, kuma ya bar kwakwalwa wanda zai iya lalacewa da kuma raguwa, watakila ma haifar da jihohin kamar lalata.
Yadda za a guje wa Lalacin Rushewar Barci
Yana nufin ɗaukar cewa damuwa na barci yana iya haifar da lalacewa ga kwakwalwarka. Menene za a iya yi?
Don kaucewa sakamakon lalacewar barci, tabbatar da cewa kuna saduwa da bukatun ku . A matsakaici, wani yaro yana bukatar sau bakwai zuwa tara na barci don jin dadin shi. Dattawan tsufa na iya buƙatar kadan barci. Idan kuna fada barci da sauri, ku yi jinkirin farka da dare, ku ji barci a rana (musamman tare da hagu), mai yiwuwa bazai zama barci mai kyau ba.
Bayan da yawa, tabbatar da cewa kana samun kyakkyawan yanayin barci. Ya kamata barci ya kasance mai dadi. Idan kana da wasu alamun cututtuka na rashin barci, kamar barci barci ko rashin barci , sami taimakon da kake bukata don warware waɗannan yanayi. Kada ku dogara da kwayoyin barci fiye da 'yan makonni kamar yadda waɗannan ba su dace da barci na al'ada ba.
Ta hanyar inganta barci ɗinka, wannan zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa kayi amfani da kyakkyawan hutawa na dare ba tare da buƙatar damuwa game da ƙarshen sakamakon rashin barci ba.
Kalma Daga
Nazarin kimiyya na goyon bayan fahimtar yadda jiki ke aiki, amma ba a iya yin kuskure ba. Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa binciken zai iya rikicewa tare da ilimin farko, kuma sabon binciken zai iya jefa wani abu a cikin sabon haske.
Kimiyya ita ce zance, neman ci gaba da gaskiya. Idan wannan binciken yana ƙarfafa ka don inganta barcinka, yana da darajar lafiyarka, amma bai kamata ya damu da damuwa ba game da asarar barcin da ya faru a baya. Wannan jirgi ya tashi. Tallafa wa abin da za ku iya yi a yau kuma ku amfana da zaman lafiyar ku na ci gaba.
> Sources:
> Bellisi M, et al . "Sarin barci yana inganta Furotosis na Astrocytic da Ƙarƙashin Microglial a Cikin Kwafa Cerebral Cortex." Jaridar Neuroscience . 24 Mayu 2017; 37 (21): 5263-5273.
> Bentivoglio M da Grassi-Zucconi G. "Nazarin gwaje-gwaje na farko game da ɓacin rai." Barci . 1997 Yuli 20 (7): 570-6.
> Gyara, JD. Yawancin Neuroanatomy Mai Girma . 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, 2000, shafi na 30-32.
> Purves D, et al . Neuroscience . 3rd edition. Sunderland, Mass .: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2004, shafi na 8-9.