Ba mu san ainihin dalilin ciwon ciwon hanta ba, amma abubuwan haɗari sun hada da yin amfani da barasa, shan taba, cututtukan hanta irin su hepatitis B da hepatitis C, wasu magunguna da kwayoyin halitta, da sauran damuwa. Tun da babu wani gwajin gwaje-gwaje akan cutar ciwon huhu a wannan lokaci, sanin abubuwan da ke damun ku da kuma sanin alamu da alamar cututtuka ita ce hanya mafi kyau don gano cutar ciwon huhu a farkon, ƙananan matakai.
Yaya cutar kankara zai iya shafar yara da manya amma yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin manya. Akwai ciwon ciwon hanta da dama , amma lamarin da ke cikin ƙasa yana nuna ciwon ciwon hanta na tsofaffi na babba, wanda ake kira carcinoma hepatocellular da ciwon daji na bile (cholangiocarcinoma). Nazarin sun gano cewa cutar ciwon daji da kuma ciwon kwari da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna karuwa a dukan duniya, kuma shine babban dalilin ciwon daji a wasu yankuna.
Dalili na Kasuwanci
Ciwon daji ya fara lokacin da jerin jinsin maye gurbi ya haifar da tantanin kwayar halitta. Ta yaya wannan ya faru a kan cutar ciwon hanta kuma ba a tabbatar da shi ba, amma an tsara abubuwa da yawa. Abin da aka sani shi ne cewa abubuwa da yawa suna kara yawan haɗarin da ke tattare da cutar. Wasu daga cikinsu suna yin haka sosai, yayin da wasu na iya ƙaddamar da hadarin kawai kaɗan. Akwai wasu matsalolin haɗari da suke dauke da su, kodayake masana ba su da tabbacin idan an danganta su.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa samun ciwon haɗari ga ciwon hanta zai nuna cewa za ku ci gaba da cutar.
Yawancin lokaci akwai haɗin abubuwan da suke aiki tare wanda zai haifar da ci gaban ƙwayar cuta. Haɗuwa da abubuwan haɗari na iya zama ƙari, amma kuma yana iya zama mai yawa, irin su tare da haɗarin barasa da shan taba ko hepatitis B da shan taba. Amma, mutane na iya ci gaba da cutar ciwon hanta idan ba su da wata sanadiyar cututtukan da aka sani game da cutar.
Sanannun haɗari sun hada da:
Race da Jima'i
Asians da Pacific Islanders na ci gaba da ciwon ciwon hanta sau da yawa fiye da mutane na sauran jinsuna, yawanci saboda annobar cutar hepatitis a cikin waɗannan yankuna. Caucasians sukan cigaba da ciwon ciwon hanta sau da yawa, amma cutar ta kara girma. Labaran rigakafi yana da yawa a cikin maza fiye da mata, duk da cewa dalilai ba su da cikakkun bayani.
Hepatitis B Ƙwayar cuta
Gwanin cutar hepatitis B yana da babbar haɗari ga ci gaban ciwon hanta kuma shine babbar hanyar ciwon ciwon hanta a Afrika da mafi yawancin Asiya. Kimanin kashi 95 cikin dari na mutanen da ke nuna cutar a yayin da suke kamuwa da cutar, amma kimanin kashi 5 cikin 100 sun zama masu cutar da cutar. Wadannan mutane ne da ke fuskantar haɗari don ci gaban ciwon hanta, ko da yake wasu mutanen da ke ciwon ciwon hauka na kullum B suna da haɗari fiye da wasu.
Akwai magani, amma mutane da yawa basu san cewa suna dauke da kwayar cutar ba ko suna rayuwa a yankin da likita ba shi da kyau. Yawanci, masu haɗarin B a cikin ƙwayar cuta 100 yana iya haifar da ciwon hanta, kuma kashi 2.5 cikin dari na mutanen da ke da cirrhosis saboda cutar ciwon haifa B (kuma kashi 0.5 zuwa 1 cikin dari na mutanen da ba tare da cirrhosis) zai ci gaba da cutar ba a kowace shekara.
Hepatitis C Cutar Inganta
Hepatitis C kuma babban haɗari ne na ci gaban ciwon hanta kuma a halin yanzu shine babban dalilin cutar ciwon hanta a Amurka, Turai, da Japan. Ba kamar hepatitis B ba, mutane da yawa ba su kawar da cutar ba, kuma hakan ya zama mummunar cuta. Kusan kashi 10 zuwa 30 cikin dari na mutanen da ke kamuwa da cutar suna ci gaba da haɗuwa da cirrhosis.
Abin baƙin ciki, yawancin mutane ba su san cewa suna da cutar ba, kuma an bada shawarar cewa dukan jarurrukan Amurka waɗanda aka haife tsakanin 1945 da 1965 za a gwada su. Lokacin da aka gano cutar kutsa C da kuma bi da shi tare da magungunan magungunan rigakafi, haɗarin cirrhosis, kuma mai yiwuwa hanta ciwon daji zai iya rage ƙwarai.
Magunguna marasa ciwo (NAFLD)
Kwayar rashin ciwon hanta marar halayya shine yanayin da ya shafi cututtukan hanta, amma yana haifar da kitsen mai a cikin hanta (mai hanta) ta hanyar daban daban. Anyi tunanin cewa cutar ne kawai (wanda jikin ya ke sanya magunguna akan kansa) kuma yana iya samun kwayoyin halitta. Tare da NAFLD, haɗarin ciwon hanta yana kewaye da sau hudu fiye da yawan jama'a. Abun haɗari, ƙwayar cuta na iya zama abu mai haɗari ga ciwon hanta.
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression yana kara haɗarin ciwon hanta, da sauran cututtuka. Samun cutar HIV / AIDs yana haɗuwa da ci gaba da haɗari sau biyar na bunkasa ciwon huhu. Masu karɓar masu karba na kwayoyin sau biyu suna iya haifar da ciwon hanta kamar yawancin jama'a, kuma hadarin ya fi girma ga wadanda suka karbi hawan hanta.
Lupus ( Tsarin Lupus Erythematosus )
Dalilin ba shi da tabbas, amma mutanen da ke da lupus sun fi sau biyu sau biyu don haifar da ciwon hanta.
Ciwon sukari
Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna da haɗarin ciwon hanta da cutar sau biyu zuwa sau uku fiye da yawan jama'a. Da sha'awa, yana nuna cewa maganin ciwon sukari Glucophage (metformin) na iya rage wannan hadarin.
Masarrafan Kasuwanci (da Yanayin Kasuwanci)
Yawancin shafukan sunadaran sun hada da ci gaba da ciwon hanta da kuma yiwuwar carcinogens .
Ɗaya daga cikin tasirin da jama'a ke fuskanta shine arsenic a cikin ruwa. Hanyoyin sana'a sune damuwa, ciki har da nunawa ga vinyl chloride (samfurori), acrylamide, PFOA ko perfluorooctanoic acid (aka samu a cikin hanyoyin tsabtace bushe), biphenyls polychlorinated (PCBs), sunadaran perfluorinated (PFCs), benzo (a) pyrene ( BaP), da kuma trichlorethylene.
Sclerosing Cholangitis
Sclerosing cholangitis ne cututtukan hanta na hanta da cutar cututtukan jini (irin su cutar Crohn wanda ya shafi ciwon daji da ulcerative colitis). Sclerosing cholangitis yana haifar da kumburi da ƙwanƙarar bile ducts kamar yadda bile ya koma cikin hanta da ke sa yatsun a can. Ana tsammanin kashi 10 cikin kashi 15 cikin dari na mutanen da ke fama da cutar za su bunkasa cholangiocarcinoma (ciwon daji na bile).
Aflatoxin Exposure
Ko da yake wani abu mai hadarin gaske a Amurka, wannan ya fi muhimmanci a duniya. Aflatoxin B1 shine tsari wanda aka samar da fungi (na asalin Aspergillus) wanda ke tsiro a kan abinci irin su alkama, kirki, sauran kayan ƙasa, waken soya, da masara. Rigar yana haifar da lalacewa ga nau'in p53 a cikin hanta hanta - gwargwadon ƙarancin tumo wanda ke taimakawa wajen gyara DNA kuma ya hana ci gaban kwayoyin cutarwa. Bincike yana gudana kuma bincike yana binciko ko aflatoxin yana haifar da ciwon ciwon daji a kansa ko a matsayin haɗin gwiwa idan an hade shi da hepatitis B.
Dokokin abinci da gwaji na ƙayyadewa suna sa wannan shahararrun ba a sani ba a Amurka, ta hanyar yadawa da guba a kowacce duniya. Ana samun saurin toxin a cikin abincin da ba a adana su da kyau ba, yawanci a cikin yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi. Wajibi ne matafiya na Amurka a wannan yankuna bazai damu ba, ko da yake-anyi zaton cewa ana buƙatar ɗaukar hotuna mai tsawo don haifar da ciwon hanta.
Genetics
Ciwon daji na iya ci gaba a cikin iyalan (ko da ba tare da cututtuka ba), kuma samun zumunta tare da cutar (a gefe ɗaya) yana ƙaruwa da hadari. Rashin haɗari ya fi girma a yayin da yake da dangantaka ta farko kamar dangi, dan uwan, ko yaro.
Wasu sanannun cututtukan cututtuka sun shafi hadarin, ciki har da:
Hemochromatosis
Abubuwan da suka shafi halayen jini (ƙwayar ƙarfe mai rikitarwa) shine yanayin da jiki ya karu da kuma ajiyar baƙin ƙarfe, sau da yawa a cikin hanta. A halin yanzu, yanayin yakan haifar da cirrhosis da hanta hanta (da sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya).
Rashin ciwon ciwon hanta a cikin mutanen da ke da hemochromatosis yana da sau 20 fiye da na yawan jama'a. Jiyya (zubar da jinin lokaci) na iya rage haɗarin matsalolin, amma mutane da yawa basu san cewa suna da yanayin har sai sun sami matsala. An yi tunanin cewa mutane miliyan 1 a Amurka suna shafar daya daga cikin nau'o'in hemochromatosis.
Biliary Cirrhosis na Farko
Biliary Cirrhosis na farko shine yanayin da ya nuna cewa yana da kwayar halitta, yayin da yake gudana cikin iyalai. Sakamakon ci gaba ne, wanda ake ciki a cikin hanta, yana hawan biles da kuma haifar da lalacewar hanta da kuma cirrhosis. Biliary Cirrhosis na farko yana haɗuwa da babban haɗarin ciwon huhu na hanta, kamar abin da yake samuwa a cikin mutanen da ke ciwon hepatitis C.
Ƙungiyar Wilson
Cutar cutar Wilson shine cututtukan kwayoyin cututtukan da ke tattare da tarawar jan karfe cikin jiki kuma ana zaton zai kasance wani abu mai hadari ga ciwon hanta.
Sauran cututtuka
Sauran cututtuka da suka kamu da cutar hanta sun hada da rashin maganin antitrypsin alpha-1, tyrosinemia, porphyria cutanea tarda, da kuma cututtuka na glycogen.
Matsayin Kwayoyin Yanayin Rayuwa
Yanayin rayuwa suna da muhimmanci a ci gaba da ciwon hanta. Duk da yake baza ka iya sarrafa yawancin abubuwan haɗari na kowa da aka ambata a sama ba, kana da ikon iya rinjayar waɗannan.
Rigar Maganin Harshen Gurasa
Yin amfani da barasa mai wucewa, yana iya haifar da cututtukan hanta, ciki har da hepatitis giya da cututtukan hanta. Bayan lokaci, cirrhosis yana tasowa tare da alamar yaduwar hanta, kuma sau da yawa, rashin hanta hanta. Ciwon daji na farko yana da dangantaka da shan giya, ko cin abinci fiye da sha uku kowace rana, kodayake ƙananan adadin zai iya haifar da cutar hanta mai mahimmanci da rashin karɓuwa.
Abun barasa, ko da yake ba dangantaka da cutar ciwon huhu a kan gajeren lokaci ba, na iya kara haɗari da halayen da ke haɗuwa da samun hepatitis B ko C.
Shan taba
Shan taba abu ne mai hadarin gaske don yawan ciwon daji , kuma cutar ciwon huhu ba komai bane. Yawancin karatu suna nuna alaƙa tsakanin shan taba da ciwon hanta, kuma waɗanda ke shan taba da kuma shan giya suna da mummunar haɗarin cutar.
Yara da aka haife su ga iyayensu da suke shan taba a gaban ko a yayin da suke ciki suna cikin haɗari mai yawa na cutar ciwon huhu da ake kira hepatoblastoma.
Kiba
Matsayi na kiba a cikin ciwon hanta yana da tabbacin da kansa, amma kiba yana kara haɗarin tasowa daga cutar rashin ciwon hanta, yanayin da yake da haɗarin cutar ciwon hanta, da kuma ciwon sukari, wanda ke haɗuwa da sau uku.
Amfanin Anabolic Steroid Amfani
Magungunan anabolic steroid, irin su wadanda suke amfani da kayan nauyi, suna da haɗari ga yanayin cutar hanta da kuma ciwon huhu.
Gudun Betel Quid
Ba a sani ba a {asar Amirka, mai cin hancin betel quid wani abu ne mai haɗari ga ciwon hanta a yankuna inda aka saba yin hakan.
Abubuwan Dama Dama Dama
Akwai wasu shaidu da cewa cirewa (cholecystectomy) yana kara haɗari, ko da yake masu bincike ba su da tabbacin haɗin.
Har ila yau, shaidun sun nuna cewa akwai wata haɗari da ke da alaka da amfani da kwayoyin kwantar da haihuwa a yanzu.
Ana tsammanin akwai wasu hadarin da ake danganta da radiation na kiwon lafiya (irin su CT scans of the stomach), amma wannan haɗari yana iya rinjaye mafi yawancin amfanin amfanin wannan magani.
Wannan matsalar da ke haifar da schistosomiasis an yi nazari akan yadda zai yiwu a cikin cutar ciwon huhu. Maimakon kasancewar haɗarin haɗari, ana tunanin cewa yana da haɗin gwiwa a cikin ciwon hanta da aka danganta da cutar ciwon hauka B da C.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Ciwon Ƙwayar Yammacin Amirka. Shin mun san abin da yake haifar da ciwon ƙwayar mahaifa? Updated 04/28/16. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html
> Erkekoglu, P., Oral, D., Chao, M., da B. Kocer-Gumusel. Kwacinoma Hepatocellular da Tsarin Dama da Tsarin Halitta Mai Ruwa: A Bincike. Jaridar mujallar muhalli, Toxicology, da Oncology . 2017. 36 (2): 171-190.
> Jiang, K., da B. Centeno. Magunguna na Yamma, Sashe na 2: Ci gaban hanyoyi da Carcinogenesis. Cancer Control . 2018. 2191): 10732748177444658.
> Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Kwararren Kwayoyin Ciwon Kankara (PDQ) -Shiran Harkokin Kasuwanci. Updated -2/06/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/adult-liver-treatment-pdq
> Smith, J., Kroker-Lobos, M., Lazo, M. et al. Aflatoxin da Harkokin Harkokin Hepatitis na Yarin Cutar Ebola a Guatemala: Masu Magunguna na Halitta Ya Bayyana Bayanan Bincike Game da Hanyoyin Dama a Yanki na Babban Ciwon Cutar Cancer. PLoS Daya . 2017. 12 (12): e0189255.