Rashin neman kayar da ciwon daji yana magana ne akan sha'awar dan Adam. Yana wakiltar wata alama ce ta ɗan adam kamar tafiya zuwa wata ko neman mafita ga yunwa ta duniya.
Na tabbata cewa yawancinmu suna tunanin cewa, idan masu bincike sun iya samun maganin ciwon daji , wannan canzawar duniya zai canza shekarun da suka wuce ko ƙarni. Hakika, ciwon daji yana da haɗari, ƙwayar cuta da kuma rikitarwa - cutar da har yanzu muna da ƙwarewa game da.
Duk da haka, masu bincike a cibiyar asibitin Duke sun yi bincike mai ban mamaki: A wasu mutane da ciwon glioblastoma ci gaba, irin ciwon kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa, kamuwa da cuta da cutar poliovirus ya kashe wani maganin da baya kashe kwayar cutar.
Menene Glioblastoma Multiforme?
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) ciwon daji ne mai sauri wanda ya samo daga kwayoyin da ke cikin ƙwayoyi na kwakwalwa (yankuna da na gaba). Kwayoyin Glial suna goyon bayan nauyin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa na yau da kullum, amma idan ci gaban su ci gaba da zama, kamar yadda yake tare da Grade IV GBM, ciwon daji yana kashe mafi yawan mutane cikin kimanin watanni 15. Kwayoyin tumatur na GBM iya ninka biyu a cikin kowane mako 2.
GBM yana shafar kimanin mutane 2 zuwa 3 a 100,000 kuma yana da asalin kashi 52 cikin dari na ciwon sukari na kwakwalwa na yau da kullum (GBM ba da yaduwa ba ne ko yadawa). Daga tsakanin shekarar 2005 zuwa 2009, yawan shekarun mutuwar wannan ciwon daji na kwakwalwa shine 64.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, a cikin mutane tare da GBM, nasarar da za a samu a halin yanzu na aikin magani wanda ya hada da tiyata, chemotherapy, da kuma radiotherapy ana auna su a cikin watanni kawai na rayuwa, kuma yawancin wadannan watanni sun nuna rashin lafiya.
Kwayoyin cuta na GBM suna da alaƙa da kumburi da kuma canzawa na sassan kwakwalwa (tasirin murya) wanda cutar ta lalacewa da hadewa ko kumburi. Tumar, wadda zata iya zama girman golf, yana matsawa akan wasu sassan kwakwalwar da ke haddasawa:
- Ciwon kai
- Rashin ci
- Binciken tsoro
- Riƙe
- Vomiting
- Difficulty da magana
- Difficulty tare da cognition
Binciken Bidiyo na Kwayoyin Kore
Komai yayinda yake da ma'ana, aikin yin amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta don bi da mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji ba sabon abu ba ne kuma an gabatar da su a farkon karni na ashirin. A cikin farkon shekarun nan na maganin ciwon daji (kafin OSHA), ba mu da wata hanya mai kyau don magance ciwon daji, don haka likitoci da masu fama da ciwon daji sun yarda su gwada duk wani abu ciki har da haskakawa ga nau'in ciwon magungunan jiki ko ruwaye na jiki. Alal misali, a 1949, mutanen da ke fama da cutar Hodgkin, ciwon daji na ƙwayar lymph, sun kamu da ciwo da cutar ciwon huhu.
Kamar yadda ake yiwuwa ana sa ran, kamuwa da mutane tare da ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da la'akari ba sun inganta rayuwar waɗanda ke fama da ciwon daji (ko da yake a wasu lokuta ya kashe sassa na ciwon sukari ko kuma ya sa aka sake kawar da cutar).
Tun daga farkon shekarun 1950, mun san da yawa game da ƙwayoyin cuta; yanzu mun fahimci su fiye da kowane kwayoyin halitta. Har ila yau mun san yadda za mu haifa kuma muyi amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin saitunan gwajin. Saboda haka, zamu iya taimakawa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta su zama masu ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta ko kuma masu satar maganin da ke dauke da tsarin rigakafin jiki. Mafi mahimmanci, wadannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta suna bukatar su kashe kwayoyin tumo kawai kuma basu kaiwa ga kwayoyin halitta na al'ada.
Immunotherapy: Lokacin da Yanayinmu Kashe Polio-Tumors
Kwayoyin Tumor suna da mummunar rauni saboda suna gujewa tsarin tsarin jikin mu. Ciwon rigakafi immunotherapy wani filin magani wanda yayi nazari kan yadda za a cire ciwon daji a matsayin ƙetare, don haka ya sa tsarin jiki na jikin kansa ya kayar da ciwon daji. Yin amfani da PVS-RIPO mai ƙwayar cuta a cikin mutanen da ke tare da GBM yana wakiltar ɗaya daga cikin ci gaba da mahimmanci da ƙarfafawa zuwa kwanan nan a fagen ciwon daji immunotherapy.
Da zarar an kawo cutar zuwa kututture, tohirin ya faru. Bisa ga wani labarin da aka rubuta daga Duke masu bincike da aka buga a Cancer a watan Nuwamba 2014, wannan tsari ya ƙunshi:
- Hanyar cytotoxicity ta kyamara
- Hanyar maganin antiviral
- Stromal proinflammatory ƙarfin hali
- Gwaje-gwaje na amsoshin maganganu na farfadowa.
Bisa ga mahimmanci, bayan PVS-RIPO (poliovirus incolytic) yayi yaduwa a cikin ƙwararrun GBM (kwakwalwa), jikinmu sun gane "polio-tumo" a matsayin mai guba. Wannan fitarwa ya sanya ƙararrawa don tsarin rigakafin don yaki da cutar shan inna. Maganar wannan yakin shine ƙonewa, maida martani na halitta.
Sakamakon Sakamakon PVS-RIPO Phase I Trial
A Cibiyar Preston ta Robert Tisch Brain Tumor a Duke na Preston, masu bincike sun shafe shekaru na aikin banki da kuma gwada PVS-RIPO. Musamman ma, waɗannan masu bincike sun dauki rayuka, masu cutar shan-inna da ke dauke da su kuma sun juya wani ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta wanda ke haifar da cutar shan inna saboda rashin lafiyar rhinovirus. Bayan haka, a cikin gwaji na gwaji na PVS-RIPO Phase 1 na farko, wadannan masu bincike sunyi amfani da ita (hanyar da ake kira daɗaɗɗen kararrawa mai ƙaddarawa da kuma aikatawa ta hanyar catheter) wannan poliovirus a kan ƙananan ciwon kwakwalwa na tsofaffi tare da GBM.
Kwayoyin da ke cikin maganin cutar shan inna sun kasance 1- zuwa 5 inimita, magunguna na GBM a kalla 1 centimeter daga kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, PVS-RIPO Phase I masu binciken bincike na asibiti na da GBM da suka sake dawowa bayan magani na farko (tiyata, chemotherapy, da radiotherapy), ba su da karbar irin wannan magani, kuma suna da kyakkyawan aiki na jiki da aiki na yau da kullum (KPS mafi girma fiye da ko daidai da 70). A ƙarshe, wajibi ne a yi wa masu halartar rigakafin maganin cutar shan inna. A takaice dai, PVS-RIPO na ƙwayoyin cuta na kancolytic an gwada shi a matsayin likita na karshe a cikin manya aiki tare da ciwon kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa wanda aka iyakance a girman.
Tabbas, an dauki fiye da shekaru goma na bincike na kimiyya na likita (an yi akan Petri da kuma dabbobi) da miliyoyin dolar Amirka don masu bincike su gane cewa PVS-RIPO zai iya bi da GBM. Musamman, PVS-RIPO yana da tropism ko dangantaka da kwayoyin nectin-type 5 (Necl5), ƙwayar tantancewar kwayar halitta wadda aka bayyana a cikin fayilolin GBM a jikin kwayoyin halitta kuma ba a cikin sel ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an bayyana Necl5 a wasu wasu ciwon sukari kamar su carcinoma da bazuwa, adenocarcinoma, daji da kuma melanoma, wanda ya nuna cewa PVS-RIPO zai iya tasiri a magungunan sauran cututtuka.
Da zarar cutar poliovirus ta kama, ana kula da ciwon sukari na GBM na mahalarta a cikin binciken ta amfani da 3-D MRI. Da farko dai, hotunan MRI sun nuna kumburi da ciwon sukari, alamar cewa tsarin rigakafi na jiki zai yi yaki da cutar polio-tumo. Wannan ƙonewa da kuma haɗin gwiwa (kumburi) ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na GBM kamar matsalolin maganganun magana, haɓakawa da ƙwarewa. Sauran cututtuka na jiyya sun hada da zazzaɓi.
A yawancin marasa lafiya wadanda har yanzu suna da rai bayan magani tare da PVS-RIPO, wani abu mai ban mamaki ya faru ne bayan 'yan watanni bayan jiyya. Kwayoyin ciwon sukari sun fara farawa, kuma a cikin marasa lafiya biyu da suka kamu da ita a shekarar 2012, ciwon sukari sun ɓace!
Ga wasu takamaiman bayanai daga PVS-RIPO Phase I jarrabawar gwaji:
- Daga cikin mutane 22 da aka gudanar da cutar poliovirus PVS-RIPO, 11 suna da rai.
- Ɗaya daga cikin mutum ya kashe lokacin da aka cire catheter dauke da PVS-RIPO.
- Na farko marasa lafiya 2 da aka gudanar a PVS-RIPO a 2012 har yanzu suna da rai! A shekara ta 2015, asalin kwanan wata na wannan labarin, sun rayu shekaru 3 da kirgawa.
- Masu bincike yanzu sunyi imanin cewa PVS-RIPO mai kyau ne mafi kyau.
- Mutane da yawa sun mutu bayan sun sami PVS-RIPO mafi girma.
- Rayuwar magungunan marasa lafiya tare da GBM wanda ke karɓar poliovirus ta kancolytic shine watanni 6. (Median ne mai tsakiyar nuna alama.)
Dole ne mu tuna cewa ga wani cututtuka, kashi 50 cikin 100 na mace-mace mai yiwuwa zai zama alama. Duk da haka, a cikin mutane tare da GBM, daya daga cikin magungunan cututtuka mafi kyau a can, gaskiyar cewa rabin mutane suna da rai bayan magani tare da PVS-RIPO yana da ban mamaki sosai. Kuma tsira daga shekaru 3 ko fiye bayan gwajin gwaji, kamar yadda yake tare da mutane biyu masu bincike, ba a ji ba.
Kodayake sakamakon da muke gani daga jarrabawar Duke na gwagwarmaya, shine a ce, mafi ƙanƙanta, mai ƙarfafa sosai, dole ne mu tuna cewa waɗannan sakamakon suna wakiltar ƙananan ƙananan samfurin. Muna buƙatar sakamakon da aka fi ƙarfin don tabbatar da cewa waɗannan binciken farko ba su yi fice ba ne ko kuma wakilci ne kawai daga cikin jama'a.
A gaskiya duka, masu bincike na Duke ne kawai a farkon kafa na tafiya, bayan sun yanke shawara mai karfi. Yawancin tambayoyi sun kasance abin da ya sa ake ci gaba da karatu a cikin ayyukan, kuma waɗannan nazarin za su ba da haske game da wanda zai iya amfana daga farfadowa na PVS-RIPO. Musamman, mun san kawai cewa cutar shan-inna ta yi aiki akan manya tare da GBM, amma yara suna samun GBM, kuma suna iya amfana daga irin wannan farfadowa. Bugu da ƙari, ba mu san abin da ya faru ba lokacin da ake gudanar da cutar ta PVS-RIPO oncolytic a baya a lokacin gwajin gwaji na GBM.
A magani, kalmar "magani" an ɗora ta da saninsa. Duk da haka, ga marasa lafiya 2 da suka karbi poliovirus a kan kwayar cutar ta 2012 kuma yanzu ba su da alamun bayyanar cutar ciwon kwakwalwa (ana ci gaba da nisa), tabbas kamar PVS-RIPO magani ne. Har ma da ban mamaki fiye da maganin ciwon kwakwalwar ƙwayar kwakwalwa, duk da haka, shine mai yiwuwa PVS-RIPO za a iya amfani da su (maganin) sauran cututtukan daji irin su carcinoma, da adenocarcinoma, da nono, da kuma melanoma.
Lokaci kawai da sauran masu tserewa na GBM zasu gaya ko PVS-RIPO zai iya gwada GBM sosai. An yi tsammani cewa PVS-RIPO a matsayin magani na GBM zai iya samun jimawalin FDA wanda zai ba mafi girma jama'a samun wannan maganin cutar shan-inna. Da zarar mutane da yawa sun karbi magani kuma sun kasance a cikin gafara, magani zai zama cikakken kwatancin ayyukan PVS-RIPO.
Lura ga mai karatu: Ina da niyya don yin tambayoyi da masu bincike kan ciwon daji a Jami'ar Duke da ke gudanar da gwajin PVS-RIPO na Matsalar I na gwaji. Na tabbata cewa wannan labarin ne kawai ya dogara ne akan fassarar kaina game da bincike da iyaka da yawa game da wannan batu. Don samarwa masu karatu wani ƙididdiga mai ƙarfi, ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa game da tasirin PVS-RIPO akan GBM, Ina buƙatar shigarwar manhaja. Abin baƙin cikin shine, a yayin da dukkanin kafofin watsa labarun ke dubawa zuwa 60 Minti na bayar da rahoto game da binciken da masu bincike na Duke suka yi, ba zan iya tabbatar da wata hira ba kafin an buga wannan sakon. A sakamakon haka, na tattara dukan bayanan kuma na yi kwarewar kaina game da batun. Ya kamata a taba yin hira da wakilin Duke na binciken bincike kan ciwon daji, na yi niyya in buga wani ƙarin abin da ya faru a wannan labarin wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da na samu.
Sakamakon Zaɓuɓɓuka:
Wani rahoto mai taken "Ciwon Inganci na Inganci na Inganci" na MC Brown da mawallafi daga Cancer a shekarar 2014.
Abubuwan da ake kira "RUININIYAR RUINOVIRUS RECOMBINANT" (PVSRIPO) A GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM) RECURRENT: FIRST PHASE I CIKIN JINI NA KASA DA INTRATUMORAL
ADMINISTRATION "by A. Desjardins da mawallafin marubuta da aka buga a Neuro-Oncology a shekarar 2014.
Mataki na mai suna "Shirya haɓakar poliovirus mai ƙwayar cuta don maganin gineblastoma multiforme" da C Goetz da M Gromeier suka wallafa a cikin Cytokine da Growth Factor Reviews a shekarar 2010.
Mataki mai taken "Tarihin Ciwon Kwayoyin Halitta: Farawa ga Halitta Harkokin Kasuwanci" by E Kelly da S Russell daga Magungunan Lafiyar da aka buga a 2007.
60 Watanni na Musamman Kisa Ciwon daji wanda ya yada a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2015. Scott Pelley (mai ba da labari), Michael Radutzky (mai ba da labari) da Denise Schrier Cetta (mai samarda)