Magungunan myelodysplastic (MDS) sune rukuni na cututtuka na kasusuwan kasusuwan da ke da haɗari na tasowa cikin cutar cutar sankarar mutelogenous mai tsanani (AML) . Yayinda wadannan cututtuka zasu iya samun nau'o'in bayyanar cututtuka da magunguna, abu daya da suke da shi a kowa shi ne cewa suna tasiri yadda yaduwar kasusuwa ta sami damar samar da kwayar jinin lafiya.
Kimanin mutane 10,000 suna inganta MDS a Amurka a kowace shekara.
Sauran kalmomin da aka yi amfani da shi don bayyana MDS sune shan maganin cutar sankarar rigakafi, dysplasia hematopoietic, mbaloute myeloid cutar sankarar bargo, oligoblastic cutar sankarar bargo, ko smoldering cutar sankarar bargo.
Yaya MDS Ya Kamata?
MDS farawa tare da lalata DNA ko maye gurbi a cikin kwayar jini guda daya (hematopoietic) . A sakamakon wannan lalacewar, kasusuwa na kasuwa ya fara yaduwa jini kuma yana cike da kwayoyin halitta ko "blast".
A cikin MDS, akwai karuwa a cikin mutuwar kwayar halitta (apoptosis), wanda ke haifar da wani abu mai ban sha'awa. Duk da yake akwai yiwuwar ƙara samar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin karfin, ba su da tsawon rai don a fitar da su cikin jinin. Saboda haka, mutane tare da MDS zasu sha wahala daga anemia (ƙananan jinin jini,) thrombocytopenia (ƙananan platelet,) da neutropenia (ƙananan jinin jini.)
Dalili na Hadarin
Ba'a san abin da ke haifar da maye gurbi wanda ya haifar da ciwon hauka na myelodysplastic, kuma 90% na lokacin babu wata hujja ta cutar.
Wasu abubuwan haɗari masu haɗari waɗanda suke haɗuwa tare da ƙarawa sun haɗa da:
- Shekaru: Zamanin shekaru na ganewar asali shine 70, ko da yake MDS an gani har ma a yara.
- Bayyana radiation - Mutanen da suka karbi maganin radiation na ciwon daji, da kuma yin tasiri ga radiation radiation daga bama-bamai bamai da hatsarori na nukiliya sun kara yawan haɗari.
- Shafukan da ke cikin sinadarai: Bayyanawa ga wasu kwayoyin sunadarai, ƙananan ƙarfe, da takin mai magani, da magungunan kashe qwari, da kuma herbicides sun kawo hadarin cutar.
- Shan taba
- Diesel shafe
Shin Aikin Lurar Cikin Ciki?
Gwargwadon yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta a cikin maruran ya nuna yadda cutar ta kasance mai tsanani - yawancin kwayoyin halitta, mafi tsanani. Da zarar mahaƙarka ta nuna cewa yawancinta suna da fiye da kashi 20 cikin 100 na jini, an dauke yanayin ne AML.
About 30% na lokuta na MDS ci gaba zuwa AML. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa koda kuwa wannan canji ba zai taba faruwa ba, anemia, thrombocytopenia, da neutropenia da suka hada da MDS har yanzu suna barazanar rai.
Subtypes
Ba wai kawai ƙwarewar MDS ta ƙunshi nau'o'in ɓangaren ƙwayar kashi ɗaya ba, akwai dalilai masu yawa a cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan ka'idodin da zasu ƙayyade halin da alamar cutar. A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sunyi ƙoƙari su zo tare da tsarin tsaftacewa wanda ke la'akari da waɗannan waɗannan maɓamai daban-daban.
Na farko daga cikin wadannan tsarin shine faɗakarwa na Faransanci-Amurka-Birtaniya (FAB). Ya karya MDS zuwa kashi 5 da ke kan yadda yaduwar launuka da sakamakon sakamakon cikakken jini (CBC) :
- Anemia mai juyayi (RA)
- Anemia mai juyayi tare da ƙwayar zuciya ta tsakiya (RARS)
- Anemia mai banƙyama tare da fashewar iska (RAEB)
- Anemia mai juyayi tare da raɗaɗɗen hadari a canji (RAEB-T)
- Gwajin cutar sankarar monomyelocytic na zamani (CMML)
Tun da ci gaba da ka'idoji na FAB a 1982, masana kimiyya sun koyi game da kwayoyin cututtukan da ke haifar da MDS da kuma rawar da waɗannan maye gurbi suke yi a cikin wannan cuta. A sakamakon haka, a shekara ta 2001, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta buga wasu canje-canje ga tsarin FAB. Sun kara wasu yanayi - cututtukan 5q, MDS unclassifiable (MDS-U), da cytopenia masu kyamara tare da dysplasia multicineage (RCMD) - kuma sun raba wasu kamar RAEB da CMML bisa yawan fashewar a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa.
Sun kuma bayyana cewa duk wani abu da ya zarce kashi 20 cikin dari a cikin karfin ya zama AML, yin cutar kanjamau ta RAEB-T a matsayin tsayayya da MDS.
Hanya na uku na rarraba MDS yana amfani da tsarin ƙwarewar ƙasashen duniya (IPSS). Wannan tsarin yana amfani da ka'idodi guda uku don ƙayyade yadda MDS zai ci gaba: yawan kwayoyin jini a cikin jini mai yaduwa, adadin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, da kuma cytogenetics (irin nau'in halayen kwayoyin da suka haɗa da MDS).
Bisa ga waɗannan dalilai, IPSS ya raba marasa lafiya zuwa kashi hudu wanda ya nuna "hadarin" na MDS-low, matsakaici-1, matsakaici-2, da kuma high. IPSS na samar da hanyar ingantacciyar hanya ta hango sakamakon MDS, ƙayyade ƙaddamarwa, da kuma kulawa da shirin.
Primary vs. MDS na biyu
A mafi yawan marasa lafiya, MDS yana da alama don bunkasa ba tare da wani dalili ba, daga cikin shuɗi. Wannan ake kira na farko ko na MDN novo . Kamar dai yadda cutar cutar sankarar bargo da sauran mummunan ɓarna suke ciki, masana kimiyya ba su da tabbacin abin da ke haifar da MDS.
Makasudin MDS na biyu ya danganta da yanayin idan ya bi magani na baya tare da maganin cutar shan magani ko radiation.
Sanin asali
Ana bincikar MDS ne ta hanyar amfani da wannan fasahar da aka yi amfani da ita don tantance cutar sankarar bargo .
Mataki na farko shine jarrabawan jini mai yaduwa don cikakken yawan jini (CBC). Wannan gwaji yana kallon yawan jinin jinin jinin, kwayoyin fararen jini, da kuma takalmin jini a cikin jini don samun babban ra'ayi game da abin da ke gudana a cikin karfin. A mafi yawancin lokuta, mutum tare da MDS zai nuna alamun ƙananan jini (anemia), kuma mai yiwuwa low platelets (thrombocytopenia) da neutrophils (neutropenia).
Idan babu wani dalili da za a iya samu don masu haƙuri su sami anemia, likitoci za suyi amfani da sautin kasusuwan kwayoyin halitta da kuma biopsy . A cikin mai haƙuri tare da MDS, ƙwayar za ta nuna nau'i na mahaukaci da kuma ƙãra yawan ƙwayoyin marasa ƙarfi ko "blast". Lokacin da aka bincika kwayoyin halitta a matakin jinsi, zasu nuna nuna maye gurbin ko canje-canje ga chromosomes.
Alamai da cututtuka
Marasa lafiya tare da MDS na iya fuskanci bayyanar cututtuka na anemia kamar:
- Rawancin numfashi kadan kadan
- Pale fata
- Jin damu
- Ƙunƙun zuma
- Dizziness
Wasu marasa lafiya za su sami alamun neutropenia da kuma thrombocytopenia, ciki har da matsalolin jini da wahalar magance cututtuka.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa akwai wasu da yawa, marasa yanayin da zai iya haifar da waɗannan alamun da alamun bayyanar. Idan kun kasance damu game da duk wani damuwa na lafiyar da kuke fuskanta, yana da kyau mafi kyau don tattauna su tare da likitanku ko sauran likitoci.
Ƙaddamar da shi
MDS ba wata cuta bane, maimakon wani rukuni na yanayin da zai haifar da canje-canje ga yadda yaduwar kasusuwan ke aiki.
Yayinda kimiyya ke koyo game da kwayoyin halitta da kuma rawar da suke takawa wajen bunkasa irin wadannan cututtuka, muna kuma koyo game da abubuwan da ke ƙayyade hanyar da za su yi da kuma sakamakon da ya dace. A nan gaba, masu bincike za su iya amfani da wannan bayanin don ƙirƙirar sababbin hanyoyin magancewa don MDS.
Sources:
Goldberg, S., Chen, E., Corral, M., et al. "Abinda ke ciki da Ciwon Gudanar da Harkokin Gudanar da Harkokin Myelodysplastic Daga cikin Amirka Masu Amfani da Lafiya" Jaridar Clinical Incology Yuni 2010. 28: 2847-2852.
Bowen, D. "Gudanar da marasa lafiya tare da Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Gabatarwa Gabatarwa" a Deeg, H., Bowen, D., Gore, S., Haferlach, T., Beau, M., Niemeyer, C. (eds) (2006 ) Magungunan Malignancies na Hematologic: Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Springer: New York. (shafi na 89-94).
Haferlach, T., Kern, W. "Ƙayyadewa da Tsarin Harkokin Myelodysplastic Syndromes" a Deeg, H., Bowen, D., Gore, S., Haferlach, T., Beau, M., Niemeyer, C. (eds) (2006) Harkokin Halittar Maganin Halitta: Harkokin Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Springer: New York. (shafi na 40- 51).
Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. Myelodysplastic Syndromes Jiyya. Shafin Farko na Lafiya. 04/02/15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66015/#CDR0000062929__1
Nimer, S. "Myelodysplastic Syndromes" Blood May 2008. 111: 4841- 4851.
Scott, B., Deeg, J. "Myelodysplastic Syndromes" Binciken Nazarin Zaman Lafiya na shekara 2010. 61: 345-358.