Bincike ya bayyana dalilin da yasa maganin cututtuka ba su daina hana kamuwa da cuta
Shekaru da dama, an yi imani da cewa cutar HIV ta cigaba da cutar AIDS a cikin kyakkyawar hanya mai sauƙi: yadawa ta jiki a matsayin kwayar cutar maras yaduwa, ta haɗa kansa da kwayoyin halitta ( CD4 + T-cellular da ke dauke da su) da kuma kullun kayan aikin kwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar takardu masu yawa na kanta. Ta hanyar yin haka, HIV zai iya rarraba a ko'ina cikin tsarin, fadada cikin lambobi har sai an kashe ƙananan T don kashewa cikakkiyar kare lafiyar mutum (ma'anar asibiti na AIDS ).
Binciken da aka gano ya nuna cewa wannan ba tabbas ba ne, ko akalla ba hanyar hanyar da muka riga muka dauka ba. A gaskiya ma, tun daga farkon shekarun 1990, masana kimiyya sun fara lura cewa cutar HIV tana iya yada kai tsaye daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta ba tare da samar da kwayar cutar ba.
Wannan hanya na biyu na watsawa, bisa ga binciken da Cibiyar Gladstone na Gladstone na San Francisco na ilimin Virology da Immunology yake , shine tsakanin 100 da 1,000 sau mafi inganci a cikin ɓarke ƙwayoyin CD4 fiye da kwayar cutar ba tare da kyauta ba kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen bayyana, a wani ɓangare, me yasa maganin alurar yanzu samfurori ba su iya magance cutar HIV ko dace ba.
Ta hanyar watsawa daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta, kwayar cutar HIV tana iya haifar da sarkar layin salula wanda yaduwar kwayoyin halitta ke kashe kansa a cikin kundin taro. Binciken ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 95 na CD4 cell mutuwa ne yake haifar da wannan hanya, don haka ba kawai kashi biyar cikin dari ba ne kawai tare da cutar maras lafiya.
Bayyana Harshen Cell-to-Cell
Sanya kwayoyin cutar HIV ta haifar da abin da ake kira "synapses," wanda kwayar cutar ta bi da shi zuwa gidan salula na "hutawa" kuma yana amfani da sunadaran cututtuka don warware wa'adin salula. (An kama wannan tsari a bidiyon bidiyo a 2012 ta masana kimiyya a UC Davis da Dutsen Sinaina na Medicine.)
Da zarar ya mamaye, mai watsa shiri ya karbi ragowar kwayoyin halitta DNA, wanda ke haifar da tsarin da ake kira pyroptosis inda tantanin halitta ke gane alamun haɗari kuma ya yi tsayi da hankali ya kashe kansa. Lokacin da wannan ya auku, kwayar cutar ta fice daga cikin sunadarai masu ciwo da ake kira cytokines wadanda ke nuna wasu kwayoyin halitta marasa lafiya a cikin suturar da ake kaiwa ga rayukan HIV.
Masu bincike na Gladstone sun nuna cewa ta hana yin amfani da kwayoyin cell-cell-ta hanyar masu hana sinadarin sinadarai, masu haɗin gwiwar synaptic, ko har ma da raba jiki-CD4 cell mutuwar an dakatar da shi. Sun kammala cewa "an buƙata" ne kawai don mutuwa ta jiki (da ci gaban cutar).
Abubuwan da ke cikin binciken
Abin da ya sa wadannan binciken ke da mahimmanci shi ne cewa ba wai kawai sun bayyana hanyoyin da CD4 ya ɓata ba, sun kuma nuna hasashen rashin ƙarfi a cikin rigakafi na yanzu.
Yawancin magungunan rigakafi na HIV sun mayar da hankali ne wajen kafa tsarin rigakafi don ganewa da kuma kai hari ga sunadarai a kan yaduwar cutar. Lokacin da kwayar cutar ta kwayar cutar ta kwayar cutar ta kwayar cutar kwayar halitta, to amma yana da matukar damuwa don kaiwa hari, an kare shi daga ganowa daga cikin kamfanonin kwayar cutar.
Don shawo kan wannan, sababbin samfurin zasuyi amfani da tsarin rigakafi mafi mahimmanci sunadarai sunadarai don maganin synaptic da / ko don ƙirƙirar magungunan antiviral wanda zai iya hana tsarin synaptic. Idan za a iya cimma wannan, za a iya iyakance iyawar HIV don cigaba da cutar AIDS, ko ma ya tsaya.
Duk da yake ba a fahimci dukkanin hanyoyin da aka samu ba don fahimtar yadda kwayoyin cutar HIV ke ci gaba da fahimtar yadda cutar HIV ta cigaba da cutar AIDS kuma ya ba mu hangen nesa ga hanyoyin da za'a iya kawar da cutar HIV.
> Sources:
Carr, J. Kashewa, H .; Li, P .; et al. "Maganin ƙwayar cuta mai sauƙi da sauƙi na cutar cutar rashin lafiyar mutum ta jiki daga kamuwa da Monocyte-Macrophages da aka samu zuwa Lymphocytes na jini." Virology. Disamba 20, 1999; 265 (2): 319-329.
Doitsh, G .; Galloway, N. da kuma Geng, X. "Cutar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta ta CD4 T-Cell Rushewar cutar HIV-1." Pediatrics. Nuwamba 1, 2014; 134 (3): 509-514.
Galloway, N. Doitsh, G .; Monroe, K .; et al. "Sakon Cell-to-Cell na HIV-1 yana buƙata don ƙaddamar da mutuwar Lymphoid-Tissue-Tashin CD4 T." Rahoton Rahoton. Agusta 4, 2015; buga yanar gizo; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.011.
Jami'ar California Davis Cibiyar Cibiyar Kimiyya da fasaha ta Biophotonics. "Tunanin farko ya nuna yadda cutar HIV ke yada tsakanin sassan kwayoyin cutar." Sacramento, California; Sanarwa da aka bayar ranar 27 ga watan Maris, 2009.