Ayyukan da suka bambanta da ban sha'awa wadanda macrophages ke ɗauka a ci gaba da tumbura - ko kuma maye gurbin - shine bincike ne da yayatawa. Macrophage wani nau'i ne na jini mai tsabta, wanda shine ɓangare na tsarin rigakafi. Tsarin ɗan adam yana da alhakin ganowa, lalata, da kuma cire dukkan abubuwa daga waje daga jiki. Duk da haka, macrophages suna da karfin gaske kuma suna daukar nauyin raguwa a ci gaba da yada kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji.
Mene ne Macrophage?
Macrophages farawa ne a matsayin monocytes kuma ana samar da su cikin kututtukan ka. Yayin da wadannan kwayoyin jini suka fara girma kuma sun fito da su a cikin jinika suna tafiya zuwa kuma ana adana su a cikin tudun ka, ƙwayoyin lymph, tonsils, ko hanta. Lokacin da lalacewa, kamuwa da cuta, ko ma da rauni ya haifar da amsa, masu maye gurbin sun bar wurin su na farko kuma suna tafiya ta hanyar jini don shigar da wasu kayan jikin da gabobin jiki. Bayan barin ragowar jini, monocytes zasu ci gaba da zama cikin macrophages .
Macrophages suna da ayyuka da yawa
A cikin babban hoto na abubuwa, macrophages zasu iya hakarwa da kuma halakar da kwayoyin cuta, tsaftace tarkacewar salula da wasu cututtuka masu cutarwa, da kuma kwayoyin halitta wadanda ke dauke da microbes, irin su kwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayan macrophages ingest wadannan kwayoyin halitta, za su dauki wasu daga cikin kwayoyin daga microbe a cikin tantanin halitta - hoto na mai shiga idan kana so - kuma gabatar da ita zuwa wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin da ba a rigakafi.
Ta wannan hanyar, macrophages zasu iya "sauti ƙararrawa" cewa mahaukaci na kasashen waje yana cikin jiki kuma yana taimakawa wasu kwayoyin da ba su da yaduwa su gane cewa mahaukaci.
Aiki a cikin Ciwon Cutar Canji
A gaban ciwon daji, macrophages suna da nau'o'i daban-daban, ana kuma binciko abubuwan da ake ciki. Da zarar sun yi tafiya ta hanyar jini a cikin ƙwayar cuta , sun juya cikin macrophages ko TAMs.
Kodayake manufar macrophage shine hallaka da kuma cire masu haɗari na kasashen waje - irin su kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji waɗanda ke haifar da ƙwayar cuta - mun gano cewa abubuwa daban-daban sun canza mahimmancin al'amuran macrophages a wannan batu.
Yawanci, idan ciwon ku yana da babban adadin TAMs a ciki, yawanci yawan alamar rashin lafiya ne, wanda ke nufin cewa ciwon daji zai yiwu ya hadu , ko kuma ya yada zuwa wasu kayan jikinka. Don dalilan da ba a kan wannan labarin ba, wasu macrophages sun daina yin abin da ake nufi su yi a cikin ƙwayar cuta kuma suna fara taimakawa tsire-tsiren girma da yada. Bincike ya nuna cewa wadannan TAMs, ba kamar su takwarorinsu ba daga cikin ƙwayar cuta, suna da wuya su sanar da tsarin rigakafi na ciwon daji, wanda zai jinkirta ƙarfafa daga tsarin rigakafi.
Wannan shine tasirin macrophages yana da ban sha'awa. A cikin binciken kwanan nan game da maganin ciwon daji na maganin ciwon daji, an gano cewa kwayoyin TAM sun canza har zuwa wasu macrophages guda biyu: M1 da M2. Ganin cewa M1 na ci gaba da yaki da kwayar cutar ciwon gurguntaccen nakasar, an gano M2 don taimakawa wajen taimakawa ci gaba da ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, da ƙaddarar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
Yin Amfani da Kasuwancin Kan Kawuwarka: Aikace-aikacen Nan gaba
Ko da yake wannan yana kama da mummunar labarai - kwayoyin halitta sunyi nufin karewa kuma warkar da jikinka kuma yanzu suna taimakawa ciwon daji girma - bincike yana mayar da hankalin akan yadda za a dakatar da macrophages daga mutating a mahimman mahimmanci a cikin amsawar da ba a yi ba.
Idan wannan bincike ya zo ne, za a iya tsara sababbin hanyoyin shan magani don taimakawa wajen dakatar da ƙwayoyin cuta, kiyaye ciwon daji na maganin ciwon daji, inda ya fi sauƙin magance.
Nazarin don ƙarin koyo game da aikace-aikace na TAMs a cikin ciwon daji ba daidai ba ne. Binciken na yau da kullum yana mayar da hankalin yin amfani da maganin gaggawa - musamman abubuwan da ke faruwa a lokacin da cutar ta fara - da kuma yadda za a dakatar da tsarin rigakafi daga yiwuwar ciwon daji na nakasassu na nakasar.
Sources:
Morris, KT, et al. (2015) Jiyya na Anti-G-CSF yana da ƙwayar cutar kyamarar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kullun ta hanyar inganta NK Cell, Macrophage, da T Responses. Oncotarget. Samun shiga ta yanar gizo via PubMed.gov.
Mosser, DM, Edwards, JP (Disamba 2008). Binciken Mafi Maganin Maɗaukaki na Macrophage. Journal of Natural Reviews da Immunology . 8 (12); 958-969. Samun shiga ta yanar gizo via PubMed.gov.
Zhang, Y., et al. (Oktoba 2013). Crosstalk Tsakanin Ciwon Kwayoyin Kankara da Macrophages Ta hanyar Mai Rarraba Flammatory da kuma CD47 na inganta ƙwayar Tumatir na Tumor. Jaridar Turai na Ciwon daji . Samun shiga cikin layi Yuli 12, 2015.
Edited by Juliet Wilkinson, RN, BSN