Rubuce-rubuce na kwayoyi sun kamu da HIV daga shiga da kuma kamuwa da kwayoyin halitta
Masu shigar da kwayar cutar HIV (wanda aka sani da masu haɗarin fuska) sune jinsin maganin rigakafi da ake amfani dasu don magance cutar ta HIV . Nau'ikan kwayoyin magani na miyagun ƙwayoyi suna iya dakatar da kwayar cutar HIV daga karuwa ta hanyar haɗa kansu ga wasu sunadarai a kan jikin salula. Wadannan sunadarai ne da HIV ke buƙatar "buše" don shiga cell. Ba tare da hanyar yin hakan ba, HIV ba zai iya sake yin amfani da shi ba kuma ya ƙirƙiri kwafin kwafin kansa.
Mutanen da suke da tsayayya ga wasu nau'o'in maganin kwayar cutar HIV suna iya amfana daga masu shigarwa da shigarwa kamar yadda zasu iya shawo kan maye gurbin kwayar cutar HIV. Wannan shi ne labari mai kyau ga duk wanda ya kasance a kan magani na tsawon shekaru kuma ya samo kansu da ƙananan zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
A halin yanzu, akwai maƙalla biyu masu shigar da kwayar cutar ta HIV da Hukumar Ciniki da Drug ta Amurka ta amince da su (FDA): Selzentry (maraviroc) da Fuzeon (enfuvirtide).
Maraviroc da CCR5 Receptor Antagonists
Mai karɓar mai karɓa na CCR5 wani nau'i ne mai shigarwa wanda ya hana HIV daga ɗaure zuwa furotin a kan T-cell CD4 mai suna CCR5. Mai karɓa na CCR5 yana daga cikin magungunan farko na HIV, musamman ma a farkon kamuwa da cutar. Ta hanyar hana wannan abin da aka makala, HIV ba zai iya shiga masaukin ba kuma ya kame kayan aikin kwayoyin halitta.
Har ila yau an san shi a matsayin mai hana shigowa , mai karɓar mai karɓar CCR5 ya bambanta da wasu nau'o'in antiretrovirals a cikin abin da ba zai iya magance cutar ba kai tsaye amma a maimakon haka ya haɗa kai zuwa tantanin tantanin halitta.
Har ila yau, ya bambanta da yadda zai iya amfani da wasu mutane ba wasu. Wannan shi ne saboda HIV na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa gaba. Wasu nau'i na kwayar cutar HIV za su daura ga wani mai amfani ta hanyar karbar mai karɓar CCR5; wasu za su yi amfani da abin da ake kira mai karɓa na CXCR4 don shigarwa.
(Yawancin magana, ana ganin CCR5 fiye da kamuwa da cutar ta farko yayin da CXCR4 ke gani a cutar baya-baya.)
Don sanin wannan, likitoci zasu yi amfani da gwajin kwayoyin da ake kira gwajin gwagwarmaya ta tabbatar da tropism (daidaitacce) na ƙwayar cutarka. Idan jarabawar ta tabbata ga CCR5, an ce cutar ta zama "Cikakken CCR5," ma'anar cewa zai zama mai karɓar maganin magunguna na CCR5. Da bambanci, ƙwayar cutar CXCR4-tropic ba za ta shafa ba.
Duk da yake an yi amfani da adadin CCR5 antagonists kadai wanda ya isa kasuwa:
- Aplaviroc (sunan lambar GSK-873140) an dakatar da shi a lokacin gwaji a shekara ta 2005 saboda sakamakon mummunan hanta.
- Maraviroc (wanda aka samo a ƙarƙashin sunayen alamun Selzentry a Amurka da Celsentri kasashen waje) an amince a watan Maris na 2007 don amfani dasu a cikin likita
- Vicriviroc (sunan lambar SCH 417690) ya watsar da shi a shekarar 2010 bayan da ya kasa cimma burin ingantaccen aikin da masana'antun suka kafa.
An nuna likitancin da aka amince da ita, maraviroc, don cimma nasarar kawar da kwayar cutar a cikin kashi 60 cikin dari na mutanen da ke da tsayayya da sauran kwayoyin cutar HIV. Dole ne a kula da mutane a kan miyagun ƙwayoyi a hankali kamar yadda zai iya haifar da mummunan hanta a wasu. Wasu na iya jin ƙyallen fata da sauran abubuwan haɗari.
Fuzeon da Ci Gaban Masu Gyara Masu Fusion
Fusion wani mataki ne a cikin rayuwar rayuwa na HIV wanda zai sa cutar ta ɗaure a tantanin tantanin halitta kafin ya shiga.
Mai haɗin gwal yana aiki ne ta hanyar haɗuwa ga furotin gp41 a saman cell cell din kuma yana hana shi daga fuska tare da HIV. Idan ba tare da wannan fuska ba, an dakatar da cutar HIV kuma an kawar da kamuwa da cuta.
A halin yanzu, an tsara maƙallan gyaran fuska don yin amfani da allurar rigakafi maimakon magunguna. Wannan, haɗe tare da babban adadin magani (kimanin $ 25,000 / shekara), sun iyakance amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don karɓar farfadowa (lokacin da duk sauran zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun ƙare).
An kafa wasu 'yan takarar masu hamayya ta hanyar fuska, ko da yake mutum daya kawai ya isa kasuwa:
- Enfurvitide (samuwa a karkashin sunan Fuzeon) ya amince da shi ta shekara ta 2003 don amfani da marasa lafiya.
- T-1249 an dakatar da shi ta hanyar masana'antun saboda wani ɓangare na rashin amsawa ga Fuzeon.
- TRI-1144 da TRI-199 sun ci gaba tun daga shekara ta 2003 kuma basu shiga cikin gwaje gwaje-gwaje masu girma ba.
Mai yarda da fuska wanda ya yarda da shi, ya buge shi, yana buƙatar sau biyu a kowace rana. Hanyoyin lalacewa na iya haɗa da rashin barci, ciwon tsoka, ciwon zuciya, tari, tingling fata fata, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, asarar nauyi, da kuma hardening fata a wurin injection.
Sources:
Biswas, P .; Tambussi, G .; da kuma Lazzarin, A. "Access ya musanta? Matsayin mai hana co-receptor don magance HIV." Kwararren Kwararru a Pharmacotherapy. 2008; 8 (7): 923-933.
Abinci da Drug Administration (FDA). "FDA ta amince da sababbin magunguna." Silver Spring, Maryland; Agusta 6, 2007.
FDA. "Samun Jagora Drug: Fuzeon (enfuvirtide) don allura." Maris 13, 2003.