Ƙungiyar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwarar Mutum Kwayoyin Cutar HIV a Cikin Kashe Kasuwanci Dama
Masu bincike daga Makarantar Kimiyya na Harvard da Cibiyar Nazarin Scrips a Florida sun sanar da cewa wani farfadowa na zamani, wanda aka ba da labari, ya kare kariya daga cutar HIV-1 da HIV-2 a cikin rukuni na birane macaque da aka nuna a kan cutar. An gano wannan binciken a matsayin mataki na farko zuwa ga bunkasa dan takarar rigakafi wanda zai iya samar da irin wannan tsaro a cikin mutane.
Masu bincike na Harvard da Scripps sun iya samar da kwayar halitta mai suna ECD4-Ig , wanda ke amfani da nau'o'in nau'o'in sunadaran gina jiki guda biyu da ke samuwa a jikin jinin fararen da kwayoyin cutar ta HIV ke danganta a yayin da ake kamuwa da su. A yin hakan, cutar HIV "yaudara" ta kasancewa a kan tsararren kwayoyin halittu, ta haka ne ta warware shi.
Ta yaya eCD4-Ig Works
eCD4-Ig ya zama wani ɓangare na CD4 da wani ɓangaren CCR5 -an masu karɓa na cibiyoyin da suke aiki a matsayin "ƙuƙwalwar" zuwa cell-wanda aka haɗa tare da wani ɓangaren magungunan . An gina kwayar halittar kwayar halitta a cikin adenovirus (wani nau'i na cututtukan cututtuka marasa cutar), wanda aka kai tsaye cikin jikin tsoka. Da zarar can, cutar marar cututtuka ta shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta, shigar da DNA a cikin mahaifa, kuma ya sanya su a cikin masana'antu masu gina jiki-suna tasowa da yawa daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin gyara.
Yunkurin da aka yi na amfani da "CD4-Ig" maras kyau (watau, ba tare da ɓangaren CCR5) ba sun sami nasara sosai a mafi kyau.
A wasu lokuta, idan yawan ƙwayoyin magungunan da aka gyara sun kasance masu ƙananan, za a inganta aikin HIV kawai. Wannan shi ne saboda cutar HIV ya iya tserewa daga rarrabewa kawai kawai don mutate da kuma ɗaura kan masu karɓa.
Yayin da kwayar cutar HIV har yanzu tana iya tserewa da mutattaka a gaban eCD4-Ig, hulɗar bivalent (watau, shafi guda biyu na chromosomes) yana nuna cewa yana da nauyi a kan cutar mai rikitarwa, yana rage yawan karfin da ya iya yi.
A cikin nazarin dabbobin da suke kula da su, masu bincike sun ruwaito cewa birai sun hana adenovirus masu gyaran ƙwayar halitta wanda ya iya yaduwa da cutar HIV-1, HIV-2 da SIV (nau'in kwayar cutar HIV), ko da bayan an yi masa allurar rigakafi tare da manyan kwayoyin cutar. cutar na tsawon makonni 40. Babu daya daga cikin birai da ba'a dame su ba, kuma babu komai da wani mummunar sakamako ga eCD4-Ig (watakila saboda jikinsu sun gane sunadarai ne nasu).
Birai ba a ba da eCD4-Ig inoculate duk sun kamu da cutar ba.
Mene Ne Yake Ma'anar?
Yayin da yake da wuri sosai don bayar da shawarar cewa gwaje-gwaje a cikin 'yan adam za su yi irin wannan sakamako, tsarin da ya nuna zai yiwu a yi amfani da tsarin da zai iya canzawa wajen maganin cutar HIV .
Wasu sun riga sun fara tunanin cewa ci gaba da maganin rigakafi na eCD4-Ig, wanda ke aiki da kyau a kan dogon lokaci, zai iya zama tasiri a tsayar da aikace-aikacen bidiyo mai hoto a cikin marasa lafiya HIV, ko dai a kan kansa ko tare da sauran jami'ai. Idan wannan, a gaskiya, zai yiwu, to, har ma marasa lafiya da zurfin jigilar kwayoyi zasu iya amfani.
Duk da haka, duk wannan yana kasancewa mai mahimmanci. Ƙarin binciken zai iya samar da kyakkyawar fahimta a cikin watanni masu zuwa, yana nuna hanya zuwa gwajin ɗan adam na farko a nan gaba.
Sauran Sauye-shiryen Na'urar Nazari na Farko
Bugu da ƙari ga binciken Harvard / Scripps, wasu masana kimiyya suna kallon sauran hanyoyin sarrafawa don yada ko maganin cututtuka na HIV.
Daya daga cikin masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Yammacin Turai ya cire kwayoyin T-dauke da kwayar cutar T HIV daga jinin mai jinya kuma yana amfani da wani enzyme da ake kira Cas9 don "snip" kwayoyin cutar HIV daga DNA cell cell din. Ta hanyar yin haka, kwayoyin halitta ba su da karfin cutar HIV.
An yi la'akari da cewa ta hanyar toge wadannan kwayoyin sun koma cikin jikin marasa lafiya, iyawar cutar ta HIV za ta ragu sosai, ta rage jinkirin ci gaban cutar yayin da za a iya sake zama sassan jikin mutum (kwayoyin halitta).
Hakazalika, masana kimiyya a UCLA suna nazarin amfani da kwayar da aka kirkiri da ake kira CAR (mai kwakwalwan antigen receptor), wanda zai iya juya dukkan jini a cikin jini na jini. Ta hanyar sanya jamhuriya a cikin kwayoyin jini, masu masana kimiyya sun iya canza rayuka a cikin wasu nau'in "kisa" da ake buƙata don kawar da kwayar cutar HIV.
Duk da yake duka karatun suna a cikin gwajin gwajin gwajin, an gano abubuwan da aka gano a cikin ci gaban yiwuwar tsayar da 'yan takarar rigakafin HIV.
Sources:
Gardner, M .; Kattenhorn, L .; Kondur, H .; et al. "Hotunan CD4-Ig ta AAV-CD suna ba da kariya ga yawancin SHIV." Yanayi. Fabrairu 18, 2015; Doi: 10.1038 / nature14264.
Kaminski, R; Chen, Y .; Tedaldi, E; et al. "Zubar da kwayar cutar HIV-1 daga kwayoyin T-lymphoid ta jiki ta hanyar gyara CRISPR / Cas9." Yanayi . Maris 4, 2016; aka buga a yanar gizo DOI: 10.1038 / srep22555.
Zhen, A; Kamata, M .; Rezek, V. et al. "Abun ƙari na kwayoyin cutar HIV da aka samo daga ƙwayoyin cuta mai suna Chimeric Antigen Receptor-engineered Stem Cells." Magungun kwayoyin halitta. Agusta 2015; 23 (80): 1358-1367.