Ƙananan rashawa mai mahimmanci shi ne rashin asarar lokaci na lokaci na koda. Yana da yanayin da ke tasowa a hanzari a cikin hanyoyi da dama ko kwanakin kuma yawanci yana faruwa a mutanen da ke da rashin lafiya kuma sun rigaya a asibiti.
Kamar yadda kodan ya dakatar da aiki, kayan da ake amfani da su don wanke su daga jini sun fara tarawa, suna kwantar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka ciki har da rage urination, tashin zuciya, gajiya, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, da kumburi saboda kula da ruwa.
Wasu lokuta na ARF kawai suna da alamun bayyanar cututtukan da suke ji. Wasu na iya zama mai tsanani kuma har ma da barazanar rai.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na yau da kullum
Raunin ƙananan ƙananan (ARF) , wanda ake kira babban ciwo na koda (AKI), baya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kuma ana iya gano shi kawai ta gwajin gwaji ko canje-canje a cikin yuwuwar urinary. Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana, suna yin hakan a cikin mako ɗaya na rashin lafiya ko rauni kuma wani lokaci a cikin sa'o'i.
Yawancin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na ARF suna da alaka da yanayin da aka sani da ƙwaƙwalwar cututtuka na ciki wanda jigilar urea , creatinine , da sauran abubuwa a cikin jini yana haifar da damuwa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana tasiri ba kawai ayyuka na jiki ba sai dai matakan tunani.
Sauran cututtuka suna haifar da haɗari a cikin potassium ko matakan ruwan da ke tasiri a zuciya, da wurare dabam dabam, da kuma karfin jini.
Abubuwan alamomi da alamu na ARF sun haɗa da:
- Rage fitar da fitsari
- Kusar kafafu, takalma, da ƙafa ( edema )
- Rawancin numfashi ( dyspnea )
- Wulo
- Rashin ci
- Nuna da zubar
- Ƙwararrun zuciya na zuciya ( arrhythmia )
- Tashin zafi ko matsa lamba
- Dama ko ƙananan zub da jini (lalacewa ta hanyar low platelets )
- Rikici
- Riƙe
- Coma
Harkatu masu tsanani zasu iya haifar da mutuwa, mafi yawa saboda rikitarwa na sepsis , rashin cin nasara na numfashi, ko gawarwar gawarwar kwayar halitta.
Rashin mutuwa ya fi girma idan cutar rashin koda ya haifar da ciwo, kamuwa da cuta, ko tiyata (musamman aikin tiyata na zuciya).
Prerenal ARF Halitattun cututtuka
Rashin ƙananan rashawa zai iya faruwa don wasu dalilai da yawa amma an ƙaddara shi a matsayin maɗaukaki (wanda ya haifar da raguwar jini zuwa kodan biyu), ƙwayoyin (sakamakon lalacewar kodan), ko kuma kwanan baya (saboda yawancin lokaci zuwa ƙetare urinary tract ).
Yayin da kowannensu zai jagoranci irin wannan sakamako-ginawa mai guba mai guba a jiki-matsalar rashin daidaito zata dauki nauyin alamunta, wanda ARF za a yi la'akari da rikitarwa.
Dalilin da ya fi dacewa na asali na ARF (wanda aka sani da azotemia) shine cututtuka mai tsanani, rashin lafiya na zuciya , da hanta na cirrhosis , duk wanda zai iya rage jini ga kodan. Tambayoyi masu mahimmanci sukan iya bambanta su ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka.
Misalai na wannan sun haɗa da:
- Cikakken cututtuka mai tsanani na iya haɗawa da idanu mai tsabta, fata mai laushi, rage ƙwayar fata, bakin ciki da idanu, saurin zuciya ( tachycardia ), da kuma juzzy ko lightheadedness lokacin da tsaye ko zaune sama ( hypotension orthostatic ).
- Kwayoyin cututtuka na zuciya zasu iya haɗawa da tsohuwar ƙwayar wuyan wuyansa, fatalwa ko ragowar sautuka a cikin huhu (rassan damba), tachycardia, zuciya mai tsauri, rashin ƙarfin numfashi yayin kwance, ƙushin ciki ( ascites ), da kuma tari mai rikitarwa ko tsinkaya tare da phlegm mai ruwan hoda. .
- Hanyoyin cututtuka na cirrhosis na iya haɗuwa da ascites, yellowing da idanu da fata ( jaundice ), gizo-gizo gizo-gizo (gizo-gizo gizo-gizo), mai dadi mai yalwaci ko ammonia, kuma ya rushe tsoka a jikin ciki wanda yake fitowa daga cibiya (caput medusae).
Harshen Harshen Cikin Harshen Harshen Cutar Hoto
Mafi sanadin magunguna na ARF shine ƙwayar koda dangane da irin wannan yanayi kamar glomerulonephritis, ƙananan tubular necrosis, da kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini na tsakiya.
Daga cikin wasu alamomin bayyanar:
- Glomerulonephritis , ƙonewar jini a cikin kodan, na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka irin su ruwan hoda ko jini na jini ( hematuria ), furotin na fitsari daga furotin mai gina jiki ( proteinuria ), da kumburi fuska, hannayensu, ƙafafu, da ciki.
- Kwayar ƙananan tubular necrosis (ATN) , yanayin da kullin koda zai fara mutuwa daga rashin isashshen oxygen, zai iya bayyana tare da irin wadannan cututtuka kamar ciwon tsoka mai zurfi da ci gaba, ƙwayar tsoka, tsinkayen furanni da allura ( neuropathy ) kumburi na jiki, da rikicewa ko delirium.
- Maganin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta mai tsanani (AIN) , da kullun nama a tsakanin kundin koda (wanda ya haifar da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ko cutar na kwayar cutar ), na iya zama tare da zazzaɓi, hematuria, fatar jikin jiki, vomiting, rikice-rikice, idan likitoci sun shafi).
Bayanai na ARF masu kamala
Dalilin da yafi dacewa na ARF na baya-bayan nan shi ne haɓakar urinary ƙwayar cuta wadda za'a iya haifar da gubar da karuwan ciwon gurgu ( babba mai karfin jini ), kudancin koda , mafitsara , ko ciwon daji, kodaya , ko prostate .
- Magunguna na prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) sun hada da dribbling bayan urination, urination mai tsanani a daren ( nocturia ), saurin urination, ma'anar rashin daidaituwa a cikin mafitsara, daɗaɗɗa ga urinate ( urinary urgency ), ko kuma mai karfi mai tsabta.
- Kwayoyin cututtuka da ƙwayoyin magunguna sun hada da mummunan ƙananan ciki ko flank zafi, hematuria, fitsari mai hauka, hasken wuta a lokacin urination ( dysuria ), wahalar urinating, da zafi ko rashin jin daɗi a cikin kwayoyin ko azzakari cikin maza.
- Magungunan ciwon ƙwayar cuta na iya haɗawa da asarar nauyi, hematuria, dysuria, gaggawa na gaggawa, rashin ƙarfi na urinary, rashin iyawa zuwa urinate, ƙananan ciwon baya a gefe daya, da kuma ciwon nama.
Lokacin da za a ga likitan
Duk da yake ARF bazai haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ba kuma za a gano shi lokacin da yayi la'akari da rashin lafiya ba tare da alaƙa ba, akwai wasu alamomi da alamun da zasu iya nuna rashin gazawar koda. Tuntuɓi likitan ku idan kun fuskanci wadannan cututtuka:
- Ƙara damuwa da ruwa da kumburi na kafafu, fuska, ko hannayensu
- Rawancin numfashi na kwatsam
- Wucewa na bazata ko alama canje-canje a matakan makamashi
- Rage urinary ƴar ruwa, lokutan da ƙananan ruwaye
- Ƙarfafawa mai sauki
- Dama da mawuyacin hali da tsawaitaccen haske
Duk da yake waɗannan cututtuka za su iya haifar da kowane yanayin likita, babu wanda za a dauka "al'ada." Yana da muhimmanci a sanya su duba.
A gefe guda, ya kamata ka nemi gaggawa gaggawa idan ka fuskanci kowane daga cikin wadannan:
- Canje-canje a matakin fahimtar juna, ciki har da barcin matsananciyar wahala, wahalar tashin hankali, ko rashin ƙarfi
- Ƙunƙun zuma
- Dama mai wuya
- Girma mai tsanani da zubar da ciki
- Samun damar zuwa urinate
- Ƙananan jini na kowane irin
> Sources:
> Rahman, M .; Shad, F .; da kuma Smith, M. Mutuwar Raunuka Mai Raɗa: Jagora ga Gudanar da Gwaninta da Bincike. Amer Fam Phys. 2012; 86 (7): 631-9.
> Hertzberg, D .; Ryden, L .; Pickering, J. et al. Raunin koda mai tsanani - fassarar hanyoyin bincike da kuma kula da asibiti. Clin Kidney J. 2017 10 (3): 323-331. DOI: 10.1093 / ckj / sfx003.