An ba da Kyauta Idan Ba Ka da Yin Jima'i don Shekara ... ko Samun Tattoo?
Ranar 22 ga watan Disamban shekarar 2015, Cibiyar Abinci da Drugura ta Amirka (FDA) ta sake nazarin manufofi na shekaru da dama da suka haramta mazaje masu jima'i don yin kyautar jini saboda abin da suke ganin sun zama babban haɗarin cutar HIV .
A cikin jagororin da aka tsara, kwamiti na FDA suna bawa gay maza da ba su da jima'i a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata don ba da kyauta, wanda aka tabbatar da rashin amincewa ta hanyar cika tambayoyin da aka sanya hannu.
Duk sauran mazaunin gay, ciki har da wadanda suka yi amfani da kwaroron roba , za su ci gaba da dakatar da su.
Yayinda wasu sunyi la'akari da wannan mataki na farko don tayar da manufar shekaru 32, da dama masu gwagwarmaya da hukumomi na kiwon lafiya sun yanke shawarar yanke shawara da rashin nuna bambancin juna, musamman idan aka fahimci cewa kwayar cutar HIV an tsara shi a kan wani kararraki- asalin shari'ar mata da maza.
Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da wannan bambance-bambance a watan Janairu, FDA ta amsa ta hanyar cewa "zai zama mai matukar damuwa ga cibiyoyin kyautar jini kuma mai yiwuwa ga masu ba da gudummawa" idan an yi nazarin mutum, yayin da yake cewa akwai "bai isa ba shaida" don tabbatar da ragewa na tsawon lokacin jiran aiki.
Daga cikin wadanda ake zargi da dadewa, Ƙungiyar lafiya ta Amurka, kungiyar Red Cross, Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amurka, Ƙungiyar Amurka ta Osteopaths, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Majalisar Kwamitin Shari'a a California sun kira kowa don kawo ƙarshen ban a lokacin da yawancin ƙasashe-ciki har da Spain, Portugal, Italiya da Afirka ta Kudu-sun ɗora haɗarsu gaba ɗaya.
Tarihi na Bankin Hannun Binciken Amurka
A shekara ta 1983, FDA ta ba da shawarar cewa duk mutumin da ya yi jima'i da wani mutum tun daga shekara ta 1977 ya haramta yin ba da jini ga rayuwa. An kafa manufofin a lokacin da babu magani ko kuma hanyar gwajin HIV . (Yayi kawai a 1985, a gaskiya, cewa FDA na farko ne ya sami izini kuma ba har zuwa shekarar 1987 da aka yi amfani da miyagun kwayoyi na farko, AZT ba .)
Babu shakka a wannan lokacin, tare da mutane maza da yawa wadanda suka hada da yawancin kwayoyin cutar HIV, mutane da yawa a cikin jama'a suna da shakka game da daidaito na gwajin HIV idan aka tantance samfurin jini. Wa] annan tsoran sun kasance da haɗari lokacin da aka haramta Ryan White , 'yar kasar Indiana, don halartar makarantar jama'a a 1985 bayan an gano cewa ya samu HIV daga jini .
A shekara ta 1990, FDA ta yanke shawara kan hana haramtacciyar Haiti-har ma da cutar ta fara fama da shi tun lokacin da aka fara cutar da kwayar cutar HIV ta hanyar jima'i a cikin wannan yawan, zai fi wuya a gane su da mutane masu haɗari. An dakatar da wannan dakatar da kasa da shekara guda bayan boren fushi daga 'yan gwagwarmaya 50,000 a birnin New York.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, bayan bin haɗuwa da maganin rigakafi da gabatar da gwajin HIV na zamani , masu sukar sun fara tambaya game da inganci na ban idan a shekarar 1995 ƙaddamar da kwayar cutar ta HIV daga cutar jini ta kasance kimanin daya daga cikin 600,000 . A shekara ta 2003, wannan lamarin ya kasance kusan 1 cikin miliyan 1.8.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, daga 1999 zuwa 2003, kawai Amurkawa guda uku daga cikin kimanin kimanin miliyan 2.5 da suka karbi jini sun tabbatar da cewa sun sami HIV daga jini daga jini bayan bin hanyar cutar HIV.
Amsoshin Don da Kariya ga Laifin Halin Mutum
Har wa yau, yawancin ƙasashe suna da manufofi kamar na Amurka, ciki har da Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Japan, Sweden da kuma Ingila. Yawancin mutane sun kasance suna ba da izinin jinkiri, cikinsu akwai Belgique, Denmark, Faransa, Girka da Jamus.
Magoya bayan manufofin FDA (ciki har da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Amirka da kuma Ayyukan Harkokin Dan Adam, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa, shekara guda ta raguwa) ya nuna yawan ciwon da HIV ke ciki a tsakanin mazauna mata da maza a Amurka, yawan mutanen da ke cikin asusun na kusan kashi 63% duk sababbin cututtuka a kowace shekara.
Yayin da yake yarda da kididdigar, masu adawa sun yi la'akari da cewa mutane masu yawa da suka hada da wadanda suka sami HIV ta hanyar yin amfani da kwayoyi, suna wakiltar fiye da rabin (57%) na jama'ar Amirka miliyan 1.1 da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, suna yin banbanci na musamman da karin ƙwazo da rashin gaskiya.
Sun kara nuna rashin amincewa da hukuncin da FDA ta yi, yana tambayar yadda za a yi jinkiri na shekara ɗaya-wanda aka tabbatar da wani tambayi mai sauki - zai iya ba da alamar bayyanar idan aka kwatanta da, a ce, mutumin da yake zaune a cikin haɗin kai, haɗin aure guda daya? Shin wannan ya nuna cewa mutane masu yawan yara maza suna iya yin ƙarya game da jima'i fiye da mazaje?
Bugu da ƙari, shawarwarin da za a dakatar da maza da mata da su idan suna da tattoo, kunne ko suturar jiki a cikin shekaru da suka gabata - suna nuna cewa waɗannan ayyukan sun kasance da haɗarin dangi kamar jima'i - an sadu da kusan ƙaddarar duniya. Kodayake masu ilimin tauhidi (albeit negligible) hadarin, babu wani rahoto guda daya da aka rubuta ta kowane irin wadannan hanyoyi, bisa ga bayanai daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka.
Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun dade daɗewa cewa manufofin FDA sun sanya muhimmancin ganewar haɗari ba kamar yadda ya kamata ba a yadda ake yin jima'i kamar yadda yake da jima'i. A yin haka, yana nuna cewa maza da yara maza, a matsayin mutane, suna da wuya su shiga cikin ayyukan haɗari , yin la'akari da jituwa ta hanyar shari'ar ko ta yaya ba dole ba ne a tsakanin maza da mata.
Sauran, a halin yanzu, suna tambaya ko shawarwari na FDA shi ne ainihin shakatawa na siyasa ko kuma wata hanyar da za ta yi amfani da ita ba tare da wani abu ba saboda kawai namiji gayance yake da jima'i.
Duk da yake jami'ai na FDA sun yi la'akari da cewa 'yan uwan da suka yi amfani da kwayoyi ko kuma yin jima'i da ma'aikatan jima'i da ma'anar jima'i suna da alaka da shekara guda ba tare da jimawa ba, ba daga cikin waɗannan kungiyoyi ana buƙata su ci gaba da kasancewa ba domin wannan lokaci.
Sources
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "Shawarar da aka Yi Maitaita don Rage Rashin lafiyar Kwayar cutar Dan Adam ta Cutar da jini: Tambayoyi da Amsoshin." Silver Spring, Maryland.
FDA. "Kwamishinan FDA, Margaret A. Hamburg, game da manufofin FDA, don bayar da gudunmawa ga maza da suka yi jima'i da maza." Silver Spring, Maryland; Bayanan FDA da aka bayar ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, 2014.
FDA. "Tambayoyi game da manufofin FDA." Silver Spring, Maryland. .
Schreiber, G .; Busch, M .; Kleinman, S .; et al. "Hasarin transfusion-daukar kwayar cututtukan cututtukan da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study." New England Journal of Medicine . Yuni 27, 1996; 334 (26): 1685-1690.
Cosgrove-Mather, B. "Cutar da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV tana shafar biyu a Florida." CBS News; wallafa Yuni 19, 2002.