A halin yanzu al'adun kimiyya ƙin ƙara zuwa HIV
Duk da ci gaban da ake samu a kowace rana a cikin ilimin kwayar cutar HIV , ingancin rashin amincewa da ƙwayar cutar AIDS ya kasance mai girma, ƙaddamar da shakka da raɗaɗi tsakanin waɗanda suke sau da yawa a mafi yawan kulawa.
Yayinda manyan ma'abota girman kai (Bitrus Duesberg, Celia Farber) bazai iya karbar rahotannin da suka samu a shekarun 1980 da 90-lokacin da aka sani game da kwayar cutar HIV da tsoron da aka ba da wani shiri na musamman ga waɗanda suke a kan tarkon na ilimin halatta-sakonnin su da hanyoyi har yanzu suna da tasiri a yau.
Don kawar da ra'ayoyin su a matsayin likitaccen "kwalliya" ko kuma sauran abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba, sun yi tasiri sosai game da cewa rashin amincewar yana da hangen nesa game da cutar HIV, da kuma tsoratar da ba a san su ba.
Kamar yadda kwanan nan a 2007, binciken da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka na Rundunar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) ta gudanar ta nuna cewa kashi 51 cikin 100 na 'yan tsirarun maza da suka yi jima'i tare da maza (MSM) sun yarda da maganganun "HIV ba ya haifar da cutar AIDS."
Bincike ya nuna cewa rikice-rikicen ra'ayi tsakanin wannan rukunin ba ta da kariya ta hanyar rashin amincewar da aka yi , amma ta hanyar mummunan halin da ake amfani dasu don amfani da robaron roba , da kuma rashin amincewa ga hukumomi da / ko kiwon lafiya.
A ina ne Kisa Kan Kwayar cutar AIDS ya fara?
A cewar Oxford Dictionary, mai ƙaryatawa shine "mutumin da ya ƙi yarda da gaskiyar ra'ayi ko shawara wanda yawancin kimiyya ko tarihi ya goyi bayansa."
Chris Hoofnagle, babban lauya na Samuelson Law, Technology & Public Policy Clinic a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, ya kara fassarar ta hanyar cewa:
"Tun da zancen haɗin kai ba wani zaɓi ne mai amfani ba ga wadanda suke da sha'awar kare manyan hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa daga gaskiyar kimiyya, ƙaddarar su shine kawai suyi amfani da su.
Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin da aka gano ta hanyar Tara C. Smith, farfesa a farfesa a jami'ar Iowa College of Health, da Dr. Steven Novella na Yale University of Medicine ya hada da
- Masanin kimiyya na al'ada kamar yadda ya kamata a kwaskwarima ko ƙwaƙwalwa a hankali (misali "kudaden magani").
- Zaɓin zabar da hukumomi su yi imani da kuma wanda za a soke su don ƙaddamar da gardama, ko kuma don bayar da shawarar cewa ana gwagwarmaya kimiyyar da aka tabbatar.
- Rage matsayin matsayin kimiyyar da ba a yarda da ita ba ga abin da ke da tushe sosai (sau da yawa tsananta) bangaskiya, yayin da yake nuna haɗin kimiyya kamar yadda ya dace da ƙuntatawa.
- "Fusar da makami" ta hanyar neman hujjojin kimiyya fiye da yadda ake samuwa a yanzu, sa'an nan kuma ya jaddada sababbin shaidun idan aka sadu da waɗannan bukatun.
Madaba ga Denialism?
A halin yanzu, ana iya ganin membobin jama'a waɗanda ke rungumi imani da rashin gaskatawa su zama masu fama da rashin kuskure ko kuma zamba, ko dai basu rasa ilimi da ake buƙatar yin hukunci. Bincike daga Jami'ar Connecticut alama ta nuna cewa ba haka ba ne.
Masu amfani da intanit a cikin binciken da suka yarda da wani imani game da cutar kanjamau, ƙididdiga ga amincewa da rashin amincewar sun kasance mafi girma ga shafin yanar gizo na likita (Tufts Medical School) fiye da shafukan yanar gizo guda biyu da aka nuna su (Matthias Rath, Jonathan Campbell).
Wannan alama ya nuna cewa sakonnin ƙaryatawa ba ta haifar da gaskiyar imani ba, amma yana tabbatar da tuhuma da shakku daga wadanda basu yarda (ko kuma basu iya) yarda da gaskiyar likita ba game da hukunci mafi kyau.
Bisa ga binciken da CDC ke gudanarwa, kashi 44 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amirka da aka gano da kwayar cutar HIV suna da nasaba da kulawa. Misin bayanin game da kwayar cutar HIV-tare da tsoron ƙwarewa da kuma rashin kulawa da HIV - ya kamata a yi la'akari da dalilin da yasa mutane da yawa suka zaba don jinkirta jinkirin maganin cutar har zuwa farkon bayyanar cututtuka .
Saboda haka yayin da rashin amincewa da cutar AIDS ya zama kamar tarihin tarihin wasu, ikonsa na rikicewa da rushewa ya kasance kamar yadda ya kasance kamar yadda ya kasance.
Sources:
Kalichman, S .; Eaton, L; da Cherry, C. "Babu tabbaci cewa kwayar cutar ta HIV ta haifar da cutar AIDS": HIV / AIDS AIDS tsakanin mutane da ke zaune tare da HIV / AIDs. " Littafin Labaran Magungunan Doka. Disamba 2010, 33 (6): 342-440 (Labaran 3).
Skarbinski, J. Furlow-Parmley, C .; da kuma Frazie, E. "Rahotanni na Ƙasa na Ƙididdigar yawan kwayoyin cutar HIV + da suka sami lafiyar likitoci, da aka tsara ART, da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Viral Cyber, 2009 zuwa 2010-Amurka." Taro na 19 a kan Magungunan Tsarin Kasuwanci da Hanyoyi (CROI); Seattle, Washington; Maris 8, 2013; maganganun na baka # 138.