Bayyana Yanayin Rigaka ta Harshen Exposure
Yayin da yake magana game da hadarin HIV, yana da muhimmanci a fara kafa ka'idodin guda huɗu da dole ne ya faru domin yaduwar cutar HIV ya faru:
- Dole ne ƙwayoyin jiki wanda HIV zai iya bunƙasa . Wannan ya hada da maniyyi, jini, ruwa mai kwakwalwa, ko madara nono. HIV ba zai iya bunƙasa ba a cikin sararin sama ko a wasu sassan jiki tare da abun ciki mai yawa, kamar ciki ko mafitsara.
- Dole ne a kasance hanyar hanyar watsawa ta hanyar da za'a canza musayar jiki . Hanyoyi na farko na watsawa sun haɗa da wasu ayyuka na jima'i, ƙurarren asibiti , shararwa na kiwon lafiya , ko watsa daga uwa zuwa yaro .
- Dole ne ya zama hanyar da cutar za ta iya kaiwa cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin jiki . Wannan zai iya faruwa ta hanyar rushewa ko shigarwa cikin fata ko ta hanyar ƙwayar mucosal na anus ko farji. HIV ba zai iya shiga cikin fata ba.
- Dole ne ƙwayar cutar ta isa a cikin jiki . Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa saliva, gumi, da kuma hawaye suna da mawuyacin tushe ga HIV tun lokacin da aka kirkiro cutar a cikin wadannan ruwaye an dauke shi kasa. Sanyayyadden enzymes a cikin sala (wanda ake kira secretory leukocyte peptidase masu hanawa, ko SLPIs) an san su sosai rage ikon HIV na bunƙasa.
Tabbatar ko aiki shine "haɗarin haɗari" ko "ƙananan haɗari", saboda haka, dogara ga yadda kyakkyawan aiki ya cika kowane ɗayan waɗannan sharuɗɗa hudu.
Sigar HIV zai iya faruwa bayan daya kamuwa da cuta
Tabbatar da ainihin kashi ga "riskiness" na wani aiki shi ne kasuwanci mai banƙyama. Duk da yake ƙididdiga na iya bayar da shawarar cewa akwai kawai damar daya-in-200 (ko kashi 0.5) na samun kamuwa da wannan irin wannan aiki, wannan ba yana nufin ba za ka iya kamuwa da cutar ba bayan bayanan daya kawai.
Maimakon haka, haɗari na kashi 0.5 cikin dari na "ƙaddamarwa" yana nufin ya nuna cewa kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar guda daya zai kasance daga mutane 200 da suka shiga wani aiki. Ba yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar yin wani abu sau 200 don samun kamuwa da cutar ba.
Yana da mahimmanci mu tuna cewa wannan ƙaddamarwar hadarin yana dogara ne akan dalilai guda biyu da dalilai guda biyu - cewa mutum ɗaya yana da kwayar cutar HIV amma ɗayan ba shi da. Ƙarin mawuyacin hali, irin su cututtukan da ke tattare da jima'i , kiwon lafiyar jama'a, da kuma kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta mutum, zai iya ƙara haɗamar haɗarin cutar har sai mummunan haɗari ya faru.
An kiyasta Rikicin Rikicin HIV ta Halin Bayani
Dole ne a yi la'akari da kiyasin da ke kasa kada su zama maƙasudin amma su zama hanya don fahimtar haɗarin cutar HIV ta hanyar nauyin tasiri. Lambobin suna dogara ne akan wani samfurin bincike-bincike da yawa wanda ke da alaƙa a hadarin haɗari.
| Nunawa | Nau'in Exposure | Rashin ƙaddamarwa mai ƙari |
| Anal | Jima'i na jima'i na jima'i tare da hadari | 1.43% (daya cikin 70) |
| Hanyar jima'i mai jituwa ba tare da tara ba | 0.65% (daya a 154) | |
| Rashin jima'i mai jima'i, marasa kaciya | 0.62% (daya a cikin 161) | |
| Jima'i mai jima'i mai jima'i, kaciya | 0.11% (daya cikin 909) | |
| Ba'a | Jima'i na jima'i, mace-da-namiji (babbar ƙasa mai samun kudin shiga) | 0.04% (daya cikin 2500) |
| Jima'i na jima'i, namiji-da-mace (babbar ƙasa mai samun kudin shiga) | 0.08% (daya a 1250) | |
| Jima'i na jima'i, mace-da-namiji (kasa mai cin gashin kanta) | 0.38% (daya a cikin 263) | |
| Jima'i na jima'i, namiji-da-mace (ƙasƙanci mai ƙasƙanci) | 0.3% (daya cikin 333) | |
| Jima'i na jima'i, cututtukan HIV | 0.07% (daya a cikin 1428) | |
| Jima'i na jima'i, jima'i na nuna alamun HIV | 0.55% (daya cikin 180) | |
| Oral | Oral-penile (fellatio), mai karɓa | 0% zuwa 0.04% (daya a cikin 2500) |
| Oral-penile (fellatio), sakawa | 0% zuwa 0.005% (daya a cikin 20000) | |
| Oral-anal (anilingus), ko abokin tarayya | negligible | |
| Maganin jijiyya (cunnilingus), ko abokin tarayya | negligible | |
| Baƙaƙewa | Haɗin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi , wanda ba a raba shi ba | 0.67% (daya a cikin 149) |
| Abinda ke da bukatar cutar | 0.24% (daya cikin 417) | |
| Wutar lantarki ba tare da aiki ba / jigilar sirinji | low zuwa negligible | |
| Cigar jini (US) | 0.0000056% (daya a cikin miliyan 1.8) | |
| Hawan ciki | Yara-da-yaro, babu maganin rigakafi (ART) | 25% (daya cikin hudu) |
| Uwa-da-yarinya, ART biyu makonni kafin zuwan | 0.8% (daya cikin 125) | |
| Mota-da-yaro, a kan ART tare da nauyin hoto mai ban tsoro | 0.1% (daya a 1000) |
Rage Rikicin Rashin Kawancen Kanka
Dalilin fahimtar haɗarin dangin shine ya kafa hanyar da za ta rage ƙarin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ko hadarin kawowa HIV zuwa wasu. Sau da yawa, yana ɗaukar kadan don rage haɗari. Alal misali, yin amfani da kwaroron roba ya yi daidai da ninka 20 a cikin kwayar cutar HIV, yayin da zabar saiti a kan safiyar jima'i a cikin jima'i zai haifar da raguwar 13. Hakanan, kasancewar STD ko cutar ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta ta kara yawan kwayar cutar ta HIV daga ko'ina daga 200 zuwa 400 bisa dari.
Tabbatacce shine mafi mahimmancin factor shine tantance yiwuwar cutar HIV shine kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta mutum.
Bayanai na yau da kullum sun nuna cewa mai kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta kwayar cutar ba shi da kashi 96 cikin dari wanda zai iya haifar da kwayar cutar HIV fiye da mutumin da ke iya gano cutar.
Dabarun da ake kira magani a matsayin rigakafin (TasP) yana ƙarfafa yin amfani da maganin rigakafi don rage yawan ciwon kamuwa da cutar HIV. Har ila yau, yana ƙarfafa bukatar gwadawa na farko don rage haɗari a matsayi mai haɗaka ( marubuta ) ma'aurata.
Sanin ku serostatus da abin da abokin tarayyarku ya ba ku damar yin shawarwari game da yadda za a kare ku sosai-ko kuwa ku guje wa ayyukan haɗari, amfani da kwaroron roba, ko kuma bincika samfurori da aka rigaya dauka (PrEP) a matsayin hanyar rage Abun mawuyacin abokin tarayya na cutar HIV ya kamu da kamuwa da cuta.
Sources:
Jin, F. Jansson, J. Dokar, M .; et al. "Yarda da yiwuwar cutar HIV a cikin 'yan luwadi a Sydney a zamanin HAART." AIDS . Maris 27, 2010; 24 (6): 907-913.
Dosekun, O. da Fox, J. "Wani bayyani game da hadarin da ke tattare da bambancin halin jima'i akan HIV." Rahotanni na yau da kullum game da cutar HIV da AIDS , Yuli 2010; 5 (4): 291-297.
Boily, M .; Baggaley, R .; Wang, L; et al. "Halin auren dan uwa na kamuwa da cutar HIV-1 ta hanyar jima'i: Binciken na yau da kullum da nazarin nazarin nazarin karatun." Lancet cututtuka na cututtuka. Fabrairun 2009; 9 (2): 118-129.
Baggaley, R .; Boily, M .; White, R .; et al. "Rashin lafiyar HIV-1 watsa labarun parenteral da kuma jini jini:: nazari na yau da kullum da kuma bincike-bincike." AIDS ; 20 (6): 805-812.
T; et al. "Rage Rashin Gwanar Rigar Jima'i na HIV: Yin Bayyana Ƙarin Rashin Shari'a ga HIV a kan Dalili na Abokin Hulɗa, Dokar Jima'i, da kuma Kwangwadon amfani." Kwayoyin cututtuka da aka yi da jima'i ; 29 (1): 38-43.