Kada ku sami kamuwa da cutar daga jini.
A Amurka, an bayar da jinin jini da jininsu don hana hana watsa cututtuka.
Babu wani abu da yake cikakke, amma hadarin yana da ƙasa. Sabbin cututtuka, cututtuka da yawa sunyi tunani - ko lab ɗin kawai ba cikakke ba ne.
Akwai jini mai yawa da aka ba a Amurka a kowace shekara. 9.5 miliyan kyauta jini.
Wannan shine kusan 1 a cikin Amirkawa 33 a kowace shekara. Miliyan 5 sun karbi fiye da miliyan 14 a cikin shekara.
A duk duniya, ba dukkanin jini ana jarraba ba kuma muna iya so. Bisa ga WHO, a shekarar 2012, kasashe 39 ba su gwada dukkanin gudunmawar da suke da ita ba don yawan cututtuka (HIV, Hep B, Hep C, syphilis) da kuma rabin rabin kayan gudunmawa a ƙasashe masu ƙananan kudin shiga ana gwada su a cikin labs tare da tabbatar da gaskiyar, ma'anar cewa akwai gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin sakamakon binciken daidai ne.
Wadanne cututtuka ana gwada su?
A Amurka ana bin waɗannan cututtuka tare da gwaji na gaba:
- Kwayoyin cuta - Cibiyoyin Kwayoyin cuta
- Hepatitis B - Hep B surface antigen da kuma core antibody
- Hepatitis C - Magungunan Cutar C da kwayoyin nazarin ƙarar acid (NAP)
- HIV - HIV-1 da HIV-2 antibody da kuma Nucleic acid amplification (NAT) don HIV-1
- HTLV - HTLV-I da HTLV-II
- Syphilis - Anti-treponemal (syphilis) detection detection
- Kwayar Yammacin Kogin Nilu - NAT don Kwayar Yammacin Nilu
Ana gwada jini don Chagas ta gwaji gwajin Trypanosoma cruzi . Ga wasu CMV-marasa lafiya marasa lafiya (immunocompromised ko dashi marasa lafiya) jini ana gwada don CMV.
Babesiya, wani abu mai cike da ƙwayar cuta, shine daya daga cikin cututtuka da suka fi dacewa ta hanyar ganewa a Amurka kamar yadda gwaji ba a saba ba.
Zai iya sauƙi sauƙi lokacin da aka bincikar da kuma cututtuka sau da yawa m. Wasu lokuta - wakiltar ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini - sun faru ne kuma yana da rahoton da yafi kowa sanadin mutuwar da aka haɗuwa da cututtuka daga fassarar jini.
Abin da aka ƙayyade bayarwa?
Akwai tambayoyi masu yawa da za su iya ba da shawara don kauce wa masu bada taimako a hadarin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta wanda gwajin jini zai iya kuskure.
A Amurka, masu bayar da agaji sun jira su bada jini idan suna da zazzaɓi, suna kan maganin rigakafin ko magani ga TB, kwanan nan sun sami maganin alurar rigakafin rai (MMR - Tsuntsi, Mumps, Rubella, Pox Chicken, Shingles, Yellow Fever, Polio, Hepatitis B, Ƙananan matsala). Wadanda aka tsare ko a kurkuku a kurkuku, kurkuku, tsare yara har tsawon sa'o'i 72 suna jira 1 shekara don ba da kyauta.
Dole ne ku jira idan a bara, kuna da gonorrhea ko syphilis, transfusion, ko tattoo a cikin daya daga cikin jihohin da ba su tsara tattoo tattoo.
Ba a gwada jini ba saboda malaria. Dole ne ku jira shekaru 3 idan an magance ku don cutar malaria ko ku rayu shekaru 5 ko haka a cikin yanki da cutar malaria. Dole ne ku jira 1 shekara idan kun kasance zuwa yankin da malaria.
Har ila yau, akwai hani ga maza da suka yi jima'i da maza, wanda yanzu ya ba da gudummawar jini ga waɗanda basu da jima'i a bara.
Wato, ba a yarda da halayyar mazaunin gay ba ta hanyar jagorancin FDA don ba da jini idan sun yi jima'i da mutum a cikin bara.
Ba za ka iya bada jini ba idan ka taba yin amfani da kwayoyi 4 a waje da takardar likita, sun yi aiki a cikin aikin jima'i, ko kuma sun kasance abokin tarayya a cikin wadannan kamfanonin masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV.
Don kauce wa CJD, ba a ba masu ba da izini su dauki insulin bovine ko jini daga Burtaniya ba. Ba za ku iya ba da gudummawar jini ba idan kuna zaune a Birtaniya daga 1980-1996 don watanni 3 ba zai iya ba da gudummawa ba, idan sun kasance a kan wasu asibitoci na Amurka a Turai na watanni 6, ko a Turai tun 1980 zuwa shekaru biyar.
Kyauta na jini ba zai iya faruwa ba sau da yawa. Cikakken jinin kowace rana 56, plalets kowace rana 7 (har sau 24 a shekara), plasma kowane kwana 28 (har zuwa sau 13 a shekara)
Mene ne Hadarin?
Hasarin HIV shine kimanin 1 cikin 2.
Haɗarin Hepatitis B shine game da 1 a 200,000 (Samun maganin alurar riga kafi!)
Haɗarin Heptitis C shine kimanin 1 cikin 2.
An taba damuwa da cewa cutar Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) - ko Mad Cow cuta - zai yada ta jini. Ba a taba ganin wannan ba, amma don kula da hankali, wadanda za a iya bayyana su (wadanda ke zaune a wuraren da Mad Cow cuta yake yada dabbobi) ba a yarda su ba da jini.
Shin kamuwa da cuta ne idan na ji lafiya yayin da nake samun jini?
A gaskiya, akwai wasu halayen jini da basu da dangantaka da cututtuka. Wadannan suna iya zama kamar cututtuka amma tsarin rigakafinka yana amsawa ga sabon jini, ba ga kwayoyin cuta ba, cutar, kwayoyin cuta, ko sauran pathogens.
Mutane da yawa suna fama da mummunan haɗari ga jini ko ga duk wani abu a cikin jini - ciki har da magunguna ko abincin (irin su ma'anar kirki da mai bayarwa).
Wadannan cututtukan sakamako na rashin lafiyar sun hada da
- zazzabi
- bala'i
- clammy fata
- tashin zuciya
- m zuciya, karfin jini
- matsala numfashi
- jin damuwa
- kirji ko baya ciwo
Wannan zai iya zama m. Wannan na iya zama mai tsanani. Tabbatar gaya wa likitan ku ko likita nan da nan idan kuna da waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka. Za'a iya gudanar da maganganu ta hanyar kwararru na kiwon lafiya.
Akwai wasu halayen. Zamu iya samun halayen jini, musamman idan jinin jini ya dace. Wadannan zasu iya haifar da jiki yana lalata jinin jini, haddasa lalata ko yaduwar jini. Wadannan zasu iya zama m (Maɗaukaki na Harkokin Harkokin Tsarin Harkokin Harkokin Harkokin Harkokin Kasuwanci) ko jinkirta (Reaction Reshe Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction ko jinkiri serologic transfusion dauki). Haka kuma akwai raunuka na huhu (tsofaffin ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni) da kuma sauran nau'in halayen.
Shin akwai cututtuka?
Jini ba koyaushe wannan aminci ba. Sabuwar gwaji ya canza wannan. An fara binciken farko game da kwayar cutar HIV ta hanyar jini a shekara ta 1982. A shekara ta 2001, an yi tunanin cewa mutane 14,262 sun kamu da cutar AIDS saboda sakamakon jini. Wasu ƙasashe sun jinkirta gwada gwajin ko da ya fi tsayi a Japan da Jamus bayan da sauran ƙasashe suka fara rike tsarin jinin marasa lafiya na HIV.
Babu wanda aka taba samun HIV-2 daga jini a cikin Amurka. Ana gwada jini ne kawai don maganin rigakafi, ba don cutar kanta ba saboda rashin kamuwa da shi yana da wuya a Amurka. Ba a taba samun masu bayar da jini 4 kawai a HIV-2 a matsayin shekarar 1998 ba.
Akwai kuma lokuta na cutar Ebola ta West Nile (a farkon rahoton da aka ruwaito a 2002) da kuma Chagas wanda jini ya karu daga baya.