Mutane da yawa Dabbobi daban-daban; Ɗaya Tsinkaya ta Autism
Autism wani "cuta bambamce", ma'ana cewa mutanen da ke da autism na iya samun nau'i mai yawa na rashin lafiya, matsakaici, ko mai tsanani. Amma duk mutanen da ke da asali ta hanyar autism suna da irin wannan cuta, ko da wane irin alamun su?
Yaya Zamantakewa na Autism ya Sauya a cikin Shekaru Nawa
Tun daga 1994 zuwa Mayu 2013, alamun autism guda biyar na wakilcin autism ya wakilta a cikin ɓangare na huɗu na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida. Sun haɗu da ciwon Asperger, Ciwon Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙari (PDD-NOS), Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙwayar cuta, Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙari, da kuma Cutar da Cutar.
Abin takaici, wadannan maganin sun kasance masu rikitarwa. Ba wai kawai sun kasance da wuya a ayyana ba, amma daban-daban masu aikin likita sun zaɓa daban-daban gwagwarmaya ga marasa lafiya guda. Don tabbatar da maganin su, masu aiki (da malamai da masu kwantar da hankali) sunyi amfani da kalmomi kamar "autism mai tsanani", "m autism," da kuma "autism". Waɗannan sharuɗan, duk da haka, ba gaskiya ne ba. suna kawai bayanin kawai. Kuma yayin da aka yi nufin taimaka wa iyaye da malamai su fi fahimtar matsayi na yarinyar a kan tafarkin autism, kowane likitan yana da ra'ayin kansu game da "m" ko "mai tsanani" zai yi kama.
Yaya Muke Yi Game da Autism a yau
A shekara ta 2013, an wallafa sashe na biyar na Manual Diagnostic. A cikin DSM-5, akwai guda ɗaya "rashin lafiya a cikin autism." Duk wanda ke da cikakkun ganewar autism, ko da wane irin bayyanarta, yanzu an rushe shi a karkashin wannan ganewar asalin. Matakan uku na autism, tare da rubutun kalmomi kamar "maras amfani" ana nufin su tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Amma wannan ba yana nufin mun dakatar da amfani da tsofaffi ko sanarwa ba, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi bayyane bayyane fiye da matakin ƙwayar cuta na Autism Stage II. A gaskiya ma, ko da likitoci da sauran masu aiki zasu iya amfani da maganganu kamar Asperger Syndrome yayin amfani da sabon tsarin alamar autism don dalilan lissafin kuɗi.
Barka da zuwa ga duniya mai ban mamaki da yawa.
Mene ne Shine Hotunan Autism?
Ma'anar "autism spectrum" ta bayyana wani ɓangaren jinkirta da raunin da zai shafi tasirin zamantakewa da sadarwa, kuma, ga mafi girma ko karami, ƙwarewar motar da harshe. Yana da cikakkiyar ganewar asali cewa zai iya haɗawa da mutane tare da babban IQ da kuma jinkirin tunanin tunanin mutum. Mutane tare da autism na iya zama taɗi ko shiru, ƙauna ko sanyi, hanya ko kuma an tsara su.
Har zuwa watan Mayun shekarar 2013, jami'in yada labarai a cikin tsarin autism ya haɗa da rashin lafiya autistic, rashin ci gaba na ci gaba - ba a kayyade ba (PDD-NOS), Ciwon Asperger, Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa. A yau, akwai guda ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayar cuta ta Autism , tare da matakai uku - amma magunguna, likitoci, iyaye, da kungiyoyi suna ci gaba da amfani da maganganu kamar PDD-NOS da Asperger syndrome.
Mene Ne Cigaban Ci Gaba?
" Ciwon Turawa Mai Girma " shi ne wata sanarwa mai tsawo cewa, tsakanin 1994 da 2013, yana nufin daidai da wannan abu "rashin lafiya ta hanyar autism." Idan an jarraba jaririn a gabanin shekara ta 2013 zaka iya jin wannan lokacin daga mai kimantawa ko likita, amma ba ya fi tsayi a amfani dashi ba.
Mene Ne Cutar Cigaba?
Asperger ciwo yana bayyana mutane a ƙarshen ƙarancin autism. An cire kalmar - da kuma ganewar asali - daga littafin bincike a shekarar 2013, amma kusan kowa a cikin autism al'umma ci gaba da amfani da ita saboda amfaninta a cikin bayanin wani ƙayyadaddun ƙungiyar mutane . Mutanen da ke tare da ciwon Asperger sukan ci gaba da yin magana da harshe kamar yadda yawanci ke bunkasa yara, amma suna da matsala tare da sadarwar jama'a. Wadannan matsalolin da suka zama mafi mahimmanci yayin da suka tsufa da kuma jin daɗin jin dadin jama'a. Domin mutanen da ke da Asperger ciwo ne sau da yawa suna da basira - amma "quirky" - a wani lokaci ake kira "cuta geek" ko "kananan malaman farfesa."
Mene ne Mutuwar Autism?
Kalmar nan " m autism " ba bayanin ganewar mutum bane. Yana da karin bayani fiye da "Asperger syndrome" ko "autism". Kullum magana, lokacin da mutane suke amfani da kalmar m autism suna magana ne ga mutanen da ke da alamun bayyanar da suka dace da ganewar asali, amma wanda yake da karfi da basira da ƙananan al'amura. Wadannan mutane na iya samun matsala masu yawa tare da sadarwar zamantakewa. Hakanan suna iya samun matsalolin matsawa tare da shigarwa mai mahimmanci (babbar murya, hasken wuta, da dai sauransu).
Menene Babban Ayyukan Autism?
Kamar "m" autism, aiki mai girma autism (wani lokaci ya ragu zuwa HFA) wani lokaci ne wanda ya zama mafi yawan amfani da shi. A wata aya (kafin 2013), an yi amfani da wannan kalma don bambanta "autism" daga "Asperger syndrome." Matsayin da hukuma ta yi a gaban shekarar 2013 shine mutanen da ke da HFA suna da jinkirin yin magana yayin da mutanen da ke tare da Asperger Syndrome suna da maganganu na al'ada. Hakika, kwanakin nan babu ISPAN Asperger ciwo ... yin bambanci moot.
Mene ne PDD-NOS?
" Harkokin Ci Gaban Turawa Ba tare da Yayinda aka Ƙayyade ba " yana da kalmomin da ke magana, har sai 2013, an yi amfani dasu don bayyana mutanen da basu cika cikakkun ka'idoji don sauran ƙwayoyin cutar ba amma duk da haka autistic ne. Saboda babu hanyar da za ta iya bayyana magungunan PDD-NOS, wanda zai iya kasancewa daga mummunan gaske zuwa sosai mai tsanani, ɗakin bincike bai wanzu ba, ko da yake sabon ƙwarewar, Sadarwar Sadarwar Ƙasa , na iya zama irin wannan "catchall".
Menene Mutuwar Autism?
Mai tsananin autism ba aikin ganewa ba ne; A maimakon haka, yana da wani bayani tare da ainihin autism, rashin aiki autism, da classic autism. Mutanen da ke da "autism mai tsanani" sau da yawa ba na magana ba ne kuma suna da nakasa, kuma suna iya fuskantar halayyar kalubale.
Menene Sake Cutar da Ciwo?
Sake ciwo ciwo shine cututtukan kwayoyin halitta wanda ke shafi kawai 'yan mata. Abin sani kawai ne daga cikin tsoffin rikitarwa irin na autism wanda za'a iya gano lafiya (ya zuwa yanzu) - kuma a watan Mayu 2013, ba a haɗa shi a cikin Autism Spectrum ba. 'Yan mata masu fama da ciwo suna ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka da suka hada da matsalolin sadarwa na zamantakewa na autism. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwaƙwalwar ciwo zai iya ɓarna ƙwarewar 'yan mata don amfani da hannayen su da amfani.
Mene ne Muryar Harshen Autism Phenotype?
Mafi mahimmanci na autism yana hada da wadanda suke da mahimmanci na autism. An bayyana wannan a wasu lokuta kamar yadda ake da "bayyanar cututtuka." Irin wannan mummunan cututtuka, waɗanda suke ganewa amma waxannan ba sa lalata aikin yau da kullum, suna zama a cikin 'yan uwan da suke tare da autism. Shin wannan gaske autism ne? Ko kuma kawai nau'in hali ne? Kamar yadda yake da batutuwa masu yawa da suka danganci autism, ya dogara da wanda kuke tambayar.