Kwayoyin cututtukan lafiyarku na iya zama marasa ƙarfi ga Autism
Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwa ta zama "sabon" ganewar asali, wanda aka kirkiro lokacin da aka sake buga DSM-5 (littafin bincike) a shekarar 2013. Wannan cuta ta ƙunshi wasu amma ba dukkanin alamun bayyanar cututtuka ta Autism Spectrum Disorder , suna sanya shi "irin" ko " m "version of autism.
Idan kun kasance da masaniyar autism na kowane lokaci, ra'ayin na "ƙananan" autism ganewar asali na iya sauti sosai saba.
A gaskiya ma, Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwar Ƙasa tana da mummunan aiki tare da ƙwararrun mutum biyu da aka cire daga Dattijon Hoto (DSM) a shekara ta 2013. Wadannan matsaloli biyu na halin yanzu sune Asperger ciwo da kuma PDD-NOS (Ƙunƙasar Ciwon Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa Ba a Yayata ba) .
A takaice, lokacin da aka cire Asperger ciwo da kuma PDD-NOS daga Manual Diagnostic, An kirkiro Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwar don ya dauki wuri.
Matsalar Magana game da Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwa
Wadannan ka'idojin daga 2013 DSM-5 sun bayyana alamun cututtuka na SCD:
A. Matsanancin matsaloli a cikin zamantakewa na yin amfani da maganganun magana da na sirri kamar yadda aka bayyana ta duk waɗannan masu biyowa:
1.Da kasa ta amfani da sadarwa don dalilai na zamantakewa, kamar gaisuwa da raba bayanai, a hanyar da ya dace da mahallin zamantakewa.
2.Dabatar da ikon canza bayanin sadarwa don dacewa da mahallin ko bukatun mai sauraro, kamar magana daban a cikin aji fiye da filin wasa, magana da bambanci ga yaro fiye da wanda ya girma, da kuma guje wa yin amfani da harshe marar kyau.
3.Da wuya a bi dokoki don tattaunawar da labarun, irin su juyawa cikin tattaunawa, sake sakewa lokacin da ba a fahimta ba, da kuma sanin yadda za a yi amfani da alamar kalmomin da ba a kula da su don daidaita dangantaka.
4. Dalagula fahimtar abin da ba a bayyana a bayyane ba (misali, yin ƙididdigar) da kuma ma'anar da ba a halatta ba ko kuma ma'anar harshe (alal misali, idioms, juyayi, metaphors, ma'anonin ma'ana da suka danganci mahallin don fassarar).
B. Wadannan gazawar sun haifar da iyakokin aiki a sadarwa mai mahimmanci, haɓakar jama'a, hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a, samun nasarar ilimi, ko aikin sana'a, akayi daban-daban ko a hade.
C. Sakamakon bayyanar cututtuka ya kasance a farkon lokacin ci gaba (amma raguwa bazai iya zama cikakke ba har sai bayanan sadarwar jama'a ya wuce iyakacin iyaka).
D. Wadannan cututtuka ba su iya samuwa ga wani likita ko yanayin ƙwayoyin cuta ko rashin damar iyawa a cikin yankuna na tsarin kalma da ƙamus, kuma rashin lafiyar tarin autism, ƙwarewar hankali (ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tunani), jinkiri na duniya, ko wani ƙwayar tunani.
Ta Yaya Cutar Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Sadarwa (SCD) Kamar Ba Kamar Autism ba?
A nan, bisa ga DSM-5, yadda yadda Sadarwar Sadarwar Mutum ta bambanta daga autism: "Za a iya bambanta matsalar biyu ta hanyar kasancewa a cikin rikice-rikice na autism na ƙuntatawa / maimaitawa na hali , bukatu, ko ayyuka da kuma rashi a cikin zamantakewa ( pragmatic) matsalar sadarwa. "
A wasu kalmomi, yara da autism suna da matsalolin sadarwar zamantakewar jama'a da kuma sababbin halaye, yayin da yara da sadarwar zamantakewa suna da matsalolin sadarwa kawai .
A cewar wani labarin a cikin Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, mafi yawan waɗannan matsalolin sadarwar zamantakewa suna da alaƙa da matsalolin maganganun magana (dacewa da maganganun zamantakewa):
Cibiyar ta SCD ta ƙayyade ta ɓangare na farko a cikin zamantakewa na yin amfani da maganganun ba tare da maganganu ba ... Mutane da ke fama da sikila na iya zama masu wahala da amfani da harshe don dalilai na zamantakewa, dacewa daidai da sadarwa ga mahallin zamantakewa, biye da bin ka'idodi na sadarwa (misali , baya da kuma fita daga tattaunawar), fahimtar harshe marar tushe (misali, jokes, idioms, metaphors), da kuma haɗin harshe tare da halayyar halayyar sadarwa.
Amma ba shakka ba yiwuwa a sami matsala tare da yin amfani da maganganun zamantakewa idan kun kasance ma yarinya don yin amfani da harshe mai magana ko kuma ba maganar ba. Saboda haka, mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sikila dole ne su yi magana da kuma aiki mai kyau, kuma dole ne a bincikar su idan sun isa isa su yi amfani da harshe magana:
Yawancin ilimin harshe dole ne a ci gaba kafin a iya gano ƙarancin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, don haka ba za a samu ganewar asirin SCD ba har sai yara sun kai shekaru 4-5. Harkokin sadarwa na zamantakewa na iya haɗuwa tare da wasu maganganun sadarwa a cikin DSM-5 (wadannan sun haɗa da lalata harshe, matsalar rikon magana, rashin tausayi na yara, da rashin daidaituwa ta sadarwa), amma ba za'a iya gano su ba a gaban rashin lafiya ta hanyar autism ( ASD).
Dalilin da yasa Sadarwa na Kan Tattalin Arziki Ya Sauƙaƙe Don Kashewa daga Autism
Duk da yake ya kamata, a ka'idar, kasancewa mai sauƙi don rarrabe autism daga SCD, yana da matukar wuya. A wani ɓangare, wannan saboda saboda halayen maimaitawa ba dole ba ne su kasance a nan don a ba da ganewar autism . A gaskiya, idan al'amuran maimaitawa sun kasance , har ma shekaru goma da suka wuce, kuma tun da daɗewa sun ɓace, har yanzu ana iya bincikar ku tare da autism . Ga yadda wannan ma'anar wannan bayani ya bayyana a DSM:
Mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya ta hanyar autism zasu iya nuna alamar ƙaddamarwa da sauye-sauye na hali, bukatu, da kuma ayyukan a farkon lokacin bunkasa, don haka ya kamata a samu cikakken tarihin. Rashin bayyanar cututtuka na yanzu ba zai hana ganewar asali na rashin lafiyar mahaifa ba, idan abubuwan da aka ƙuntata da kuma halayen da suka kasance a baya sun kasance a baya. Ya kamata a lura da ƙwayar sadarwar zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma (pragmatic) kawai idan tarihin bunkasa ba zai iya bayyana duk wani alamar ƙaddamar da tsarin saiti, bukatu, ko ayyukan ba.
Don haka, a kalla a cikin ka'idar, duk wanda ya taɓa samun dabi'a mai mahimmanci kuma yanzu yana da kalubalantar maganganun kullun da za a iya gano su a matsayin autistic. Ta haka ne (kuma a cikin ka'idar) ba zai iya yiwuwa ba daga ci gaba da ganewar autism ga ƙididdigar SCD. Bugu da ƙari, ƙididdigar SCD ne kawai za a ba bayan da mai aikin ya bincike tarihin yaron yaron zurfi.
Kalma daga
Iyaye na iya jin takaici idan yarinyar ya sami ganewar autism maimakon ƙididdigar SCD, musamman idan yaron ya yi kyau a yankunan ban da sadarwar zamantakewa. Hakanan za su iya zaɓar su kauce wa yin la'akari da irin halin da ake ciki na autism-yayinda 'yaron ya "ƙwarewa," don kaucewa ganewar asali na autism. Amma yana yiwuwa yiwuwar ganewar autism zai taimaka wa yaro a hanyoyi fiye da yadda zaku iya sa ran. Mutumin da ke da "kawai" Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwar Ƙasa bazai iya karɓar nauyin sabis ɗaya ba a matsayin mutumin da yake da irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka da kuma ganewar Autism Spectrum. Don haka ko da yaronka ya yi koyi ko kuma ya koya don gudanar da alamar cutar ta autistic , yana iya darajar ka yayin da ya bayyana bayanan bayyanar don taimakawa yaro ya cancanci ganewar asali wanda ke ba da sabis da goyan baya da yawa.
> Sources:
> Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka. (2013). Bincike da rikice-rikice na ƙwayar cuta (5th ed.). Washington, DC.
> Gibson, J., Adams, C., Lockton, E. da Green, J. (2013), Sadarwar zamantakewar al'umma a waje autism? Hanyoyin bincike na ƙwarewa don ƙaddamar da lalacewar harshen harshe, yawan aikin autism da ƙananan lalata harshe. J Child Psychol Malami, 54: 1186-1197.
> Swineford, Lauren et al. Sadarwar zamantakewar jama'a (pragmatic): nazari na bincike game da wannan nau'in bincike na DSM-5. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 2014 6:41