Sharuɗɗa kamar "Ayyukan Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa" Zamu Yi Gyara
Babu wani ganewar asali da aka kira "autism" mai girma (HFA), kuma ba a amince da ma'anar "babban aiki" ba. To, me ake nufi da kalmar? A hanya mafi mahimmanci, " babban aiki autism " na iya nufin kowane daga cikin wadannan:
- "mutumin da ke da alaƙa mai kyau wanda ya nuna cewa, duk da rashin tausayinsu, yana da mahimmanci don ya cancanci ganewa ta hanyar autism" ko ...
- "mutumin da ke da autism wanda IQ ya fi na 70" ko ...
- "mutumin da ke da autism wanda ya samu nasara wajen gudanar da karatun wata makaranta ko aikin aiki" ko ...
- "mutumin da zai iya yuwuwa alamar bayyanar ta autism don haka suna da hanyoyi masu tsammanin kuma zasu iya wucewa don kullun" ko ...
- "mutumin da, a wani lokaci, yana da Asperger Syndrome diagnosis."
Kamar yadda ka gani, HFA mutum daya ne ... kawai HFA guda daya. Ƙara zuwa wannan gaskiyar cewa mutane da yawa tare da autism na iya zama mai haske, cikakke, kuma suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka (kamar damuwa da rashin jin dadi ) wanda ke tasiri sosai akan aikin da suke aiki a yau. Rashin tushe: HFA yana da wuya a ayyana.
Me ya sa Ayyuka masu kyau da ke da kyau ba daidai ba ne a matsayin ƙwayar cututtuka
Har zuwa shekarar 2013, mutane da yawa waɗanda ake iya cewa sunyi aiki da autism sun samu lafiya tare da ko dai Asperger ciwo ko PDD-NOS (Harkokin Ci Gaba da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa) .
- Cutar asperger wata alama ce wadda ta kwatanta mutum wanda yake da matsakaici ko mafi girma a cikin harshe da kuma dacewa da ya dace da shekarun haihuwa wanda kuma yana da ƙalubalen ƙalubalen zamantakewa da sadarwa.
- PDD-NOS ya kasance sananne ne. Sau da yawa an fahimci ma'anar abu ɗaya kamar "ƙarancin aiki mai karfi", ya kafa mutane da gaske a kowane matakan aiki wanda alamunta basu cika daidai da autism ba.
A shekara ta 2013, tare da wallafa DSM-5, ba PDD-NOS ko Asperger ciwo ne ƙwarewar kamfanonin hukuma a Amurka.
Zai yiwu mafi mahimmanci, mutanen da ke fama da Asperger Syndrome (wani lokaci wanda har yanzu ana amfani da ita shine ganewar asirin ya ɓacewa) yana da alama ya raba wasu halaye na mutum wanda ba'a raba kowa ba tare da IQs da autism. Alal misali, damuwa yawanci shine alama ce ta Asperger Ciwo wanda ba'a raba shi da kowa da kowa wanda za'a iya kwatanta shi yana da HFA.
Shin 'Level 1' Autism da Same a matsayin 'Babban Ayyukan Autism?'
Tare da DSM-5, maimakon diagnoses daban-daban, akwai wata babbar ƙungiyar mutane da aka gano tare da cutar ta Autism Spectrum. Amma mutanen dake da autism har yanzu suna da bambanci da juna. Don haka, don bayyana waɗannan bambance-bambance, DSM-5 ma ya ƙunshi matakan aiki. Mutanen da suke da haske da magana (kuma haka, akalla, a bukatar taimakon ƙasa) an ba da cikakkiyar ganewar asalin Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disord.
Amma menene mutumin da ke dauke da Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder yana kama? Amsar ita ce bambancin da mutane suke da asali. Misali:
- Suna iya amfani da harshe mai dacewa, karanta, rubuta, yi lissafi, nuna ƙauna, ayyuka na yau da kullum. Duk da haka, ba za su iya rike ido ba, kula da zance, shiga cikin wasa, ko karɓa a kan labarun zamantakewa.
- Suna da mahimmancin magana da harshe suna jinkirin amma suna iya shiga cikin tsarin ilimi mai zurfi saboda ƙwarewar makarantu masu dacewa.
- Suna da mahimmancin magana da jinkirin zamantakewa amma suna da matsala masu mahimmanci wanda ba zai yiwu ba a gare su su shiga cikin shirin ilimi mai zurfi.
- Suna da matsanancin damuwa, rashin ilmantarwa, da kuma matsalolin dan Adam - amma suna da maganganu masu dacewa da kuma kwarewa masu ban mamaki a cikin kiɗa, matsa, da injiniya.
A takaice dai, yiwuwar halayyar karfi da kalubale sun kusan ƙarewa. Wannan yana nufin cewa batun batun "Level 1" autism yana da kyau sosai.
A bayyane yake, mutanen da suka samo asali na "Matakan goyon bayan" suna tunani a hanya ta gaba daya-wato, mutanen da ke da matsayi na Level 3 autism yana bukatar goyon bayan gwaninta 24/7, yayin da mutanen da ke da matakin autism ba su da.
Ta yaya Tsira da yawa ke da 'aikin da ke da kyau'?
Duk da yake 'yan kalilan da ke da' 'autism' '' autism suna buƙatar taimako tare da ɗakin gida ko tsaftace lafiya, suna iya buƙatar gaske da goyon baya a wasu saituna. Alal misali, mutum mai haske wanda ke da matsala mai tsanani, damuwa, da juriya zai iya samun lokaci mafi wuya a wurin aiki fiye da wanda ba shi da basira ba tare da damuwa da matsaloli ba.
Abin da ya fi haka, mutum "mai aiki mai zurfi" yana iya ciyarwa mafi yawancin kwanakinsa a cikin wani wuri mai goyan baya inda yiwuwar haɗari da haɗari ya kusan ze. A halin yanzu, mutumin da yake da ikon yin amfani da "autism" yana iya buƙatar tawaya duniya na yanayi mai rikitarwa da haɗari. Wanene ya buƙaci ƙarin goyon baya a cikin waɗannan yanayi?
Babu Amsoshi Mai Sauƙi
Autism ne mai rikitarwa - ba saboda mutane da autism suna da ban mamaki ba, amma saboda canzawar fassarar autism yana nufin ba za mu iya zuwa ƙarshe ƙarshe ba.
Kuma ba kawai ma'anar canzawa ba ne, amma haka ne tsammanin abubuwan da suke da tsinkaye na rayuwa da ke yin amfani da autism sosai. A baya, alal misali, sadarwa tsakanin fuska da fuska shine mabuɗin samun nasara na sirri; a yau, yawancin mutane da kalubale na zamantakewa sun fi karfin hulɗa tare da wasu a kan layi, yin abokantaka ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun, har ma suna riƙe da aikin a nesa. Wasu kamfanonin suna karɓar mutane masu tsauraran ra'ayi masu girman kai saboda kwarewarsu ta musamman, yayin da wasu ba su tunanin ɗaukar mutumin da basirar zamantakewar al'umma.
Idan wannan ya bar ka ji cewa ma'anar babban aikin autism yana bayyana kamar laka, ba kai kaɗai ba! Akalla a yanzu, duk da haka, kun fahimci dalilin da yasa wannan lokacin yana da wuyar rufewa-kuma kun san kuna cikin kamfanin kirki.