Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Turawa Ba tare da an ƙayyade ba (PDD-NOS)
Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasa Duk da haka ba a ƙayyade ba (PDD-NOS), wani lokaci ana kira autism, wanda ya kasance-don ɗan gajeren lokaci-ƙungiyar bincike a cikin tarin autism. PDD-NOS an "kirkiro" don ya haɗa da yara masu yawa waɗanda suke da wasu, amma ba duka ba, alamun alamun autism.
PDD-NOS ba ƙari ba ce, ko da yake akwai yalwacin matasa da matasa waɗanda suka karbi ganewar asibiti.
A takaice Tarihin PDD-NOS
DSM ita ce jagorar da ta bada jerin sunayen duk abin da ke tattare da tunanin mutum da ci gaba. Akwai nauyin 5 na DSM, kuma kowannensu ya bambanta da sauran. Rashin ƙwayar tunani da ci gaba, ba kamar yanayin jiki ba, sukan dogara akan al'amuran zamantakewa; don haka, alal misali, liwadi da aka yi la'akari da shi kasancewar rikici ne amma ba a sake rubutawa a DSM ba. Sabuwar cuta, irin su hoarding, an kara da cewa.
PDD-NOS a DSM-IV (Bayan 2013)
An rubuta DSM-IV a 1994. A ciki, na farko da na karshe, an rarraba autism zuwa sassa daban-daban guda biyar. Daga cikin wadannan akwai rashin lafiya, watau Asperger, da PDD-NOS. A cikin DSM-IV, alamar autism ita ce wani suna don ciwo mai ci gaba (PDDs) , wani nau'i na bincikar lafiya tare da wasu alamomi . Ma'anar autism shine wani suna ga daya daga cikin biyar masu bincike na kamfanonin Austism: Harkokin ci gaban ci gaba amma ba a kayyade (PDD-NOS) ba .
Ga yadda PDD-NOS aka bambanta daga sauran PDDs:
Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan rukuni idan akwai matsala mai tsanani da ci gaba a cikin ci gaba da hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a ko ƙwararruwar sadarwa, ko kuma lokacin da al'amuran ra'ayi, abubuwan sha'awa, da ayyukan suna aukuwa, amma ba a cika ka'idoji don ci gaba ba rashin lafiya, ƙwarewar cuta, cututtuka na mutumtaka, ko kauce wa halin hali. Alal misali, wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi '' autism '' '- ra'ayoyin da ba su dace da ka'idojin rashin lafiya ba saboda mummunan shekarun farko, bayyanar cututtuka, ko alamomin bayyanar cututtuka, ko duk waɗannan.
Idan an gano jaririn tare da PDD-NOS (ko "autism"), yana nufin ya kasance da ƙananan alamun bayyanar da za a bincikar da shi tare da rashin lafiya ko kuma Asperger syndrome , kuma ba daidai ba alamun bayyanar da za a bincikar da ciwon sikila ko ƙwayar cuta ta yara. . Amma duk da haka ya samu likita na likita wanda ya nuna cewa yana da matukar ciwo mai tsanani.
PDD-NOS A yau
A shekara ta 2013, an buga DSM-5. Masu haɓaka DSM-5 sunyi shawarar yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da dukkanin batutuwa biyar na autism daga DSM-IV a cikin wani nau'i na bincike guda daya: rashin lafiyar mahaifa ta autism. A sakamakon haka, mutanen da ke cikin wasu maganganu hudu sun bace ganewar asali.
Wannan canji, ba shakka, ya yi tambaya: idan ɗana na da asali na "autism" ko PDD-NOS, shin yana da cikakkun ra'ayi? Amsar ita ce a'a ... kuma babu.
EE: Bisa ga DSM-IV, yaron da aka gano tare da PDD-NOS ya kasance, a gaskiya, an gano shi da ciwon rashin lafiyar autism. Kuma, bisa ga DSM-5, idan an gano yaron tare da kowane nau'i na autism a karkashin DSM-IV, wannan ganewar ba za a iya gurzawa ba.
NO: Idan an jarraba jariri tare da PDD-NOS, shi ko ita ba ta da ainihin tsari na bayyanar cututtuka da ake tsammani daga mutum da autism.
A sakamakon haka, idan an yi la'akari da shi a yau, akwai damar cewa ba zai dace da sababbin ka'idoji na autism ba.
Shin mutanen da aka bincikar su tare da PDD-NOS suna da cututtukan cututtukan da ke ciki?
A gaskiya ma, ganewar asali na PDD-NOS ba dole ba ne ya nuna cewa bayyanar yaron ya fi ƙarfin hali ko kasa da kasa, amma kawai ba su fada gaba ɗaya cikin ka'idojin bincike akan wani nau'in haɗari irin su Asperger ciwo ko rashin lafiya autistic. A wasu kalmomi, yana da yiwuwa a sami wani abu mai mahimmanci autism / PDD-NOS ganewar asali da kuma kasancewa mai tsanani .
Abin sha'awa, duk da haka, yawancin yara da tsofaffi wadanda suka karbi nau'in autism / PDD-NOS da ke ciki suna da inganci bayyanar cututtuka.
Wani binciken da ya kwatanta mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar autism / PDD-NOS ga mutane tare da wasu, wasu ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin cuta ta autism sun zo tare da wannan ƙaddamarwa:
Sakamakon: Game da matakin matakan aiki, yara PDD-NOS sunyi la'akari da abin da ke tsakanin 'ya'yan da ke da autism da kuma' ya'yan da ke tare da AS. Ya bambanta, ƙungiyar PDD-NOS tana da alamun alamun autistic, musamman ma al'amuran stereotyped, fiye da duka autism da AS kungiyoyi (chi2 = 11.06, p = .004). Yara da PDD-NOS za a iya sanya su a cikin ɗaya daga cikin rukuni guda uku: ƙungiyar mai girma (24%) wanda ya yi kama da AS amma yana da jinkiri na harshe na tsawon lokaci ko rashin rashin daidaituwa a hankali; wani rukuni mai kama da autism (24%) amma wanda ya tsufa da farko ko jinkiri mai zurfi ko kuma ya yi matukar ƙuruci don yiwuwar cika cikakkun ma'aunin bincike na autism; da kuma rukuni (52%) ba su cika ka'idojin autism ba saboda rashin 'yanci da kuma halin da ake ciki akai-akai.
Duk da yake jinsin irin wannan ma'anar autism yana da matukar wuya a rarrabe, a cikin ma'anar cewa ba shi da mahimmancin abin da yaronka ya samu. Wancan ne saboda maganin da aka ba da shawara don bambancin ci gaban da yaronku zai kasance kamar kamannin abin da jami'in yakamata yake nunawa: fassarar halayen da / ko ci gaba, tare da maganganun magana, sana'a da ta jiki. Yayinda yaro ya fara girma, za a iya yin amfani da ita ga wasu nau'i na farfadowa na zamantakewa.
Sources:
> Allen DA, Steinberg M, Dunn M, Fin D, Feinstein C, Waterhouse L, Rapin I. "Mutuwar 'yanci da sauran matsalolin ci gaba a cikin yara ƙanana: daya ko daban?" Eur Child Adolesc Saduwa. 2001 Mar; 10 (1): 67-78.
> Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Ci Gaban Dan Adam. Maganin Harkokin Bincike Autism (ASDs) Gaskiyar Page.
> Walker DR, et al. "Ƙayyade PDD-NOS: kwatanta PDD-NOS, Asperger ciwo, da autism." J Am Acad Child Ado Psychiatry. 2004 Feb; 43 (2): 172-80.