Abun cututtuka na Mutum a Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Autism Spectrum
Babu wani ganewar asiri wanda ake kira "m autism". Amma akwai yalwacin mutane masu shekaru daban-daban wanda wani (likita, likita, ko masanin ma'ana) ya fada cewa suna da m autism. Mene ne ainihin mutane ke amfani dasu?
Tarihin da ke rikicewa na Mila ko Ƙaƙƙashin Autism
A baya a shekarar 1980, an bayyana "ƙananan autism", a duk lokuta, a matsayin mummunar cuta da nakasawa.
Babu wanda ke da ganewar autism wanda zai iya samun nasara a makaranta, yin abokai, ko riƙe aiki. A 1994 wani sabon cuta, Asperger ta Syndrome, an kara da shi a cikin hanyar bincike. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar Asperger, yayin da ake la'akari da su, suna iya zama masu haske, magana, da kuma mutane masu dacewa.
A shekara ta 2013, an sake canza ka'idojin bincike. Maganin Asperger ya ɓace, kuma, a wurinsa, littafin nan ya ƙunshi kawai ganewar asali ga dukan mutanen da ke da autism: rashin lafiyar autism . Mutane da ke dauke da cutar ta hanyar autism na iya ko kuma ba su da jinkirin maganganu, ƙalubalen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, al'amuran halayya, ko wasu alamu. Yayinda duk mutanen da ke fama da rikice-rikice masu tasowa suna da matsala tare da sadarwar zamantakewa, wadannan matsalolin suna matsawa daga matsananciyar hali (wadanda ba na magana ba tare da halayyar rikici) zuwa ga rashin daidaituwa (matsaloli tare da karatun karatu, muryar murya, harshe jiki, da dai sauransu).
Duk da yake sabon rashin tausayi na autism ya ƙunshi "matakan tallafi," ra'ayin da ya kwatanta wasu suna da "autism" matakin 1 ba a taɓa kama shi ba saboda babu wanda ya san abin da wannan ke nufi. Mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da amfani da kalmar nan "Asperger syndrome," amma har ma wannan lokaci ba yana nufin daidai da abu mai girma ko m autism ba.
Mene ne alamomi da alamomi na rashin ƙarfi?
Mutane da ke fama da rashin lafiya ta autism dole ne su sami wasu alamomi don su cancanci ganewar asali. Har ma da mutanen da ke da mikiyar autism, sabili da haka, suna da gagarumin kalubale da kuma kalubale masu mahimmanci wadanda suke da matukar damuwa don samun hanyar al'ada da dangantaka.
Duk da yake waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka dole ne su kasance a gaban shekaru uku, sau da yawa abin da ya faru da cewa alamun bayyanar cutar ba a sani ba har sai yaro yaro (musamman ga 'yan mata). Idan bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana a karo na farko bayan yaro ya kai shekaru uku, ba zasu cancanci samun ganewar autism ba. Za su iya, duk da haka, za a bincikar su tare da Ƙananan Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwa.
Idan yaro ya kasance da gaske, ƙaunarsa za ta hada da:
- Matsaloli tare da sadarwar da za a iya haɗawa da haɗari tare da tattaunawar, harshe jiki, lambar ido, da kuma / ko fuska fuska.
- Da wuya a bunkasa da haɓaka dangantaka, sau da yawa saboda wahalar yin wasan kwaikwayo, yin abokai, ko raba abubuwan.
- Dama don sake maimaita irin ayyuka, ayyuka, ƙungiyoyi, ko kalmomi akai-akai, ko da babu wata hujja ta yin haka (yin amfani da kayan wasan kwaikwayon akai-akai misali misali);
- Abokan da aka ƙuntata waɗanda ke da saurin tsanani (misali misalin siffofi ne wanda yake da cikakkiyar sadaukarwa ga wasan bidiyon game da abin da ya san abin da ya sani);
- Yin amfani da magunguna ko haɓakawa ga shigarwa na sirri (ko dai ba ya lura ko yana da damuwa ga sauti, haske, ƙanshi, zafi, taɓawa, da dai sauransu)
Mene Ne Ma'anar Ma'anar Ma'anar Lokacin da Suka Yi Magana 'Mutacciyar Autism'?
Don haka, menene mai aiki, malami, ko iyaye ke nufi idan sun ce ɗansu (ko yaronka) yana da "m" autism? Tun da babu wani fassarar ma'anar kalmar "m autism", duk mutumin da ke amfani da shi yana da ɗan bambancin ra'ayi game da abin da ake nufi.
- A wasu lokuta ana amfani da kalmar lokacin da mutum ya fito fili a fili, amma yana da mahimmancin magana da sauran ƙwarewa. Alal misali, "Joey yana da haske sosai kuma yana da kyau a cikin aji, amma saboda yana da m autism yana da wata mawuyacin lokacin yin abokai."
- Har ila yau, ana iya amfani da wannan kalma don yin bayanin ɗan yaron da ƙalubalensa ba su da wani muni, amma wanda yake da kalmomi kaɗan kawai. Alal misali: "Na yi farin ciki ganin yadda yaronka ke yin amfani da hannayen hannu don neman ruwan 'ya'yan itace, zai iya yin amfani da rashin lafiya autism."
- Ana iya amfani da wannan kalmar don taimakawa wajen bayyana yanke shawara. Alal misali: "Ɗanka yana da m autism, don haka ya yi kyau tare da wasan farfesa fiye da magungunan hali mai tsanani."
Don yin matsala mafi mahimmanci, mutum da "m autism" yana iya inganta fasahar sadarwa da kuma damar fasaha, amma ya jinkirta jinkirin zamantakewa na zamantakewa , al'amurra masu mahimmanci , da / ko matsalolin ƙwarewa tare da haɓaka tsarin. A sakamakon haka, mutum tare da "m" autism na iya samun makarantar jama'a ko saitunan aiki mafi kalubale fiye da mutum da ƙalubalancin harshe mafi girma amma ƙananan matsaloli ko zamantakewa.
Alal misali, yi tunanin mai haske, wanda ke da ilimin harshe wanda ya ba da amsa a cikin aji kuma ya rabu da muryar mai tsabtace tsabta ko hasken walwa. Yi kwatanta irin wannan mutum ga mutumin da ke da matsala mai mahimmanci tare da malaman makaranta amma yana da ƙananan batutuwa tare da sauti ko haske, kuma ba shi da matsala ta bi dokoki. Wane mutum yana da "bayyanar" bayyanar cututtuka? Amsar, hakika, ita ce ta dogara da tsarin da halin da ake ciki.
Yaya Tsarin Harshen Taimakon Taimako Ya Bayyana Mutuwar Autism?
Ka'idojin binciken DSM-5 suna bayar da taimako tare da wannan tambaya domin sun haɗa da " matakan aiki " guda uku don bayyana rashin tsananin autism. Mutanen da suke da '' m '' autistic 'ana daukar su matsayin mataki na farko, ma'ana suna bukatar tallafi kadan don rayuwa ta al'ada.
Amma, ba shakka, wannan kuskure ne saboda mutane da yawa da "m" autism na iya buƙatar mai yawa goyon bayan goyon baya dangane da halin da ake ciki. Alal misali, mutumin da "m" autism na iya samun kwarewa na ƙwararriyar magana amma ba shi da damar karatun harshen mutum ko kuma motsin rai . A sakamakon haka, yawancin mutane tare da "m" autism sun shiga cikin matsala tare da jinsi na daban, tare da aiki ko abokan aiki, ko ma tare da 'yan sanda.
Akwai Hanyoyin Kula da Mutuwar Autism?
Kamar yadda yake da kowane irin autism, maganin da ya dace sun hada da:
- halayyar halayyar jiki (yana amfani da sakamako don koyarwa da aka sa ran ko kuma abin da ya fi so)
- wasan kwaikwayo ko ci gaba da ci gaba (yana amfani da ayyukan wasanni don gina halayyar tunanin da kuma sadarwa)
- maganin magungunan magani (akwai maganin da ke kula da bayyanar cututtuka irin su rashin juyayi da kuma halin halayyar da za a iya haɗuwa da m autism)
- maganganun maganganu (tare da autism, magungunan maganganu ya danganta da halayen tattaunawa, harshe jiki, da dai sauransu)
- farfadowa na sana'a (sau da yawa taimako ga al'amurra masu mahimmanci)
- farfadowa na jiki (da yawa yara da autism suna da ƙwayar tsohuwar ƙwayar tsohuwar jiki ko suna da rauni)
Wasu yara tare da autism kuma zasu iya amfana daga maganin matsalolin da ke tattare da su kamar lalacewa, maganganun gastrointestinal, rashin barci, da kuma matsaloli irin su rikice-rikice. Wadannan matsalolin ba su da wani ɓangare na autism ta kowane lokaci, amma sun fi kowa a cikin 'ya'yan yara.
Kalma Daga
Tsarin ƙasa shine cewa kalmar "m autism" ba ta da amfani sosai, ko da yake yana da kyau. Gaskiyar ita ce, "alamu" bayyanar cututtuka na iya haifar da matsaloli mai tsanani a yankunan sadarwa, dangantaka, aiki, da kuma 'yancin kai. Suna kuma iya haɗuwa da ƙalubalen kalubale masu yawa: Mutane da yawa da "m" autism suna fama da juyayi, damuwa, rashin tausin zuciya, da sauran cututtuka.
Don fahimtar kalubale na autism, kauce wa jituwa akan tushen lokaci kamar "m autism". Maimakon haka, tambayi kai tsaye, takamaiman tambayoyi game da ƙwaƙwalwar maganganun mutum, zamantakewa, ƙwarewa, da kuma halayyar mutum . Bayan haka, tambaya game da ƙarfin mutum, basira, da kuma bukatu.
Sources:
> Faras H, Al Ateeqi N, Tidmarsh L. Autism batsa. Ann Saudi Med. 2010 Jul-Aug 30 (4): 295-300. Doi: 10.4103 / 0256-4947.65261.
> H azen, EP et al. Sifofin bayyanar cututtuka a cikin rikice-rikice na autism. Harv Rev Lafiya. 2014 Mar-Apr, 22 (2): 112-24.
> Reaven, Judy. "Yin maganin alamun nuna damuwa a cikin matasan da ke fama da rashin lafiyar autism: Maganar bunkasa ga iyaye". Nazarin Brain . 2011. 1380: 255-63.