Daga Tsarin Farko zuwa Faransanci na yau da kullum a Kimiyya
Kwayoyin jigilar su ne ƙwayoyin da ke da ƙwarewa waɗanda ke da damar samar da su ba cikin guda ba amma yawancin salula. Ba su zama kamar sauran tantanin halitta ba don dalilai guda uku:
- Ba su da cikakkun takaddama, ma'ana ba su da wani aiki a jiki.
- Suna da damar da za su zama ƙwayoyi na musamman kamar su ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, kwayoyin tsoka, da kuma jini.
- Za su iya raba da sake sabuntawa na tsawon lokaci.
A halin yanzu, ƙwayoyin jini sune kawai nau'in da ake amfani akai-akai don magani. A lokuta da cutar sankarar jini ko lymphoma , ana amfani da irin wannan tantanin halitta a cikin hanyar da muke maimaitawa a matsayin kututture daga kasusuwa. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani dashi ne kawai masu amfani da tsirrai.
Lokacin da yazo don binciken bincike na kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta na iya fitowa daga kowane nau'i daban-daban, ciki har da masu ba da tallafi , masu embryos, ko kuma kwayoyin halittar mutum.
Sanyoyin Sanyaya a Yanke Gashi Tsuntsaye
Kwayoyin kasusuwan kasusuwa suna samar da dukkanin kwayoyin jini mai kyau, ciki har da jini mai launin jini, da jini mai launin jini, da kuma platelets. Sassan kwayoyin Hematopoietic sune wadanda aka samu a kasusuwan kasusuwan da suke aiki a matsayin "iyaye" ga dukkan wadannan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta.
Kwayoyin jikin kwayoyin Hematopoietic suna canzawa cikin mutum wanda ke da ciwon daji don taimakawa wajen sake karar da kasusuwa. Ana yin amfani da wannan hanya lokacin da ɓangaren ƙwayar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta yana amfani da ƙwayar kwayar halitta a cikin ɓarwar mutum.
Don magance wannan, ba da gudummawar kwayoyin halitta an sanya su a cikin wani ƙwayar cuta kuma za su kasance a cikin kututture a kasusuwa inda suka fara samar da lafiya, sabon jini.
Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Harshen Tsarin Tsarin Mulki
Shekaru da suka wuce, kadai tushen tushen kwayoyin halitta hematopoiet ne wadanda aka karɓa daga kasusuwa. Ba da da ewa ba bayan gano cewa da yawa daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin suna ta yadawa a cikin jini.
A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya sunyi yadda za su girbi wadannan kwayoyin jikinsu daga yada jini da kuma dasa su a cikin mai bayarwa.
Irin wannan dashi-wanda aka sani da jini na jini wanda ya zama tushen jiki, ko PBSCT - ya zama hanyar da ta fi dacewa, duk da cewa ana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu. Binciken da aka yi ba shi da mawuyacin gaske kuma baya buƙatar kawar da kasusuwan daga ɓangaren ƙyallen.
Ƙananan ƙwayoyin sutura
Kwayoyin tsofaffi, wanda ake kira 'yan kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka samo daga mai bayarwa. Kwayoyin jikin kwayoyin Hematopoietic sune misali da aka fi sani. Masana kimiyya sun gano kyakkun kwayoyin halitta a cikin wasu kyallen takalma fiye da yadda aka taba tunanin su, ciki har da kwakwalwa, tsokaran ƙwaƙwalwa, fata, hakora, zuciya, gut, hanta, jinsin ovarian, da kuma gwajin.
Sugar Embryonic Stem
Kwayoyin embryonic kwayoyin halitta suna da rikicewa tun lokacin da aka samo su daga embryos na mutum waɗanda suka hallaka ko kuma girbi ga kimiyya. Kwayoyin embryonic sun fara girma a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a shekarar 1998 don dalilai na haihuwa. A yau, ana amfani dasu da farko don bincike kan maganin jiyya ko maganin cututtuka, makanta, ciwon sukari da yara, Parkinson, cututtuka na kashin baya, da kuma cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta.
Kwayoyin embryonic su ne masu tasowa, ma'ana suna iya girma a cikin nau'in nau'in kwayoyin halitta wanda ke kunshe da jikin mutum (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).
A wasu kalmomi, za su iya ci gaba a cikin kowane nau'in tantanin halitta fiye da 200 idan aka ƙayyade suyi haka.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙara Siki
Sassan kwayoyin da ke ciki, ko iPSCs, sune kwayoyin halitta masu tasowa wadanda aka tsara su da kyau don su zama kamar kwayoyin halitta mai amfrayo. iPSCs sukan fara farawa ne a matsayin fata ko jini wanda kakanan tsarin tsara kwayoyin.
Kamfanonin iPSC sun fara ginawa a shekara ta 2006 kuma suna da fifiko mafi girma akan kwayoyin halitta masu tasowa da kuma amfrayo: za'a iya yin su a cikin hanyar haƙuri. Abin da ake nufi shi ne cewa lakabi na iya yin gyaran-yin tsararren kwayar halitta wanda aka samo daga jikin mutum ko kyallen takarda.
> Sources:
> Simara, P .; Motl, J .; da kuma Kaufman, D. "Tsarin Tsarin Mulki da Tsarin Mulki." Transl Res. 2013; 161 (4): 284-292.
> Al-Shamekh, S. da Goldberg, J. "Tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare tare da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta." Transl Res. 2014; 163 (4): 377-386.
> Finkbeiner, S. da Spence, J. "A Taswirar Gutsy: Samar da Jirgin Intestinal daga Tsarin Harkokin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Halitta. " Cututtukan Cututtuka da Kimiyya. 2013; 58 (5): 1176-1184.