Wani ganewar asibiti na ciwon nono shine burbushi. Amma a yau, tare da yawan rayuka na sama da 98%, akwai dalili fiye da yadda za a kasance mai kyau. A wani lokaci, za a iya bincikar ciwon nono ne kawai lokacin da tsutsa ta kasance mai girma don ganin ko ji. Yanzu ana iya gane shi - kuma an warkar da shi - da wuri a baya, sau da yawa kafin wani bayyanar cututtuka ya bayyana.
Muhimman ci gaba a ciwon nono, ganewar asali da magani sun hada da:
- Mammography
- Amfanin m
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Drugs yana iyakance da estrogen
- Nazarin halittu
- Tsarin kwayoyin halitta
A cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce, ci gaban kiwon lafiya ya taimaka wajen sake canza fahimtar ciwon daji.
Ci gaba a Ciwon Magungunan Ciwon Ƙwayar Wuta
Tun daga shekarun 1950, ana ci gaba da mammography don bunkasa tsawon shekaru 5 na ciwon daji na gida (wanda ba ya yada daga asalinta) daga 80% zuwa 98%. Mammography yanzu ita ce hanya ɗaya ta hanyar gano cutar kanji. Anyi amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa a cikin shekaru don ganowa:
- Tsarin Mammography ta Tsarin Mulki - Bayan 1967, mammography da aka gano ya sami karɓuwa tare da gabatar da kayan aiki musamman don raƙuman ƙwayar nono. A wannan lokacin, manufar mammography - irin wannan ga MRI a yau - shine don ƙarin nazarin abubuwan da aka riga an gano. Mammograms masu nuni - yanzu an shawarci dukkanin mata 40 da suka wuce - ya fara ne a shekarun 1980.
- Mammography ta Digital - An gabatar da mammography mamba a farkon shekarun 1990s kuma ya ba da cikakkun bayanai da sauƙin ajiya don kwatantawa a nan gaba, amma har yanzu ba a samuwa a wurare da yawa, musamman a waje da birane da kuma manyan asibitoci. Bincike ya nuna cewa mammography na zamani yana amfani da mata da yara fiye da 50 wadanda har yanzu suna da lokaci, da kuma wadanda ke da nauyin nono. Jiki da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin zai iya zama marasa lafiya a cikin mammograms masu kyau. Ga mafi yawan mata, dijital ba ta fi dacewa da mammography ba, amma kimanin sau hudu yana da tsada kuma maras lafiya ba zai iya rufe shi ba.
- Mammography mai girma-uku - Fasahar fasaha wadda FDA ta amince a shekara ta 2011, mammography mai girma na uku zai iya samar da karin bayyane da fatan samun karin cututtuka kuma ya rage yawan mammogram a cikin rabin.
- Duban dan tayi - A ƙarshen 1970s, likitoci sun fara amfani da duban dan tayi don tantance idan an gano kwayar mai karfi ko ruwa, wanda ya taimaka wajen ganewar asali.
- MRI - A shekara ta 2007, Cibiyar Ciwon Kankara ta Amirka (ACS) ta bada shawarar kimanin shekara ta MRI ga mata a babban haɗari ga ciwon nono, amma hanya mai tsada ne kawai kuma yana samuwa a birane mafi girma. Ba duban dan tayi ko MRI ba zai iya gano microcalcifications , wanda wani lokacin shine alamun farko na ciwon daji. Wani hasara shi ne cewa MRI ba zai iya gano bambancin ciwon daji daga rashin lafiya ba, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin biopsies - hanyar da ake amfani da shi don cire samfurin samfurori daga wanda ake zaton tumo.
- Binciken jarrabawa na jarrabawa da jarrabawar mutum - ACS tana karfafa jarrabawar jarrabawa ta shekara-shekara ta hanyar likita tare da jarrabawar kansa (BSEs), a cikin 2015, sun sabunta hanyoyin da za su ce ba su daina bada shawara ga jaririn jaririn jarrabawar cutar kanji a cikin mata masu yawancin mata a kowane zamani.
Tiyata, Radiation, da Chemotherapy
An yi amfani da wadannan magunguna daban-daban a cikin shekaru:
- Hanyoyin Miki - Mastectomies masu rarraba - kau da ƙirjin, ƙwayoyin kirji da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta - an yi wani lokaci a farkon karni na 19. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940 ya kawo mastectomy mai gyaran ƙwayar, wadda ke kare tsokoki. A cikin shekarun 1970s, zaɓin ƙayyadeccen ƙayyadadden tsari ya kasance amfani da shi, yana mai da hankali ga kawar da ciwon sukari da ƙananan nau'in abin da ke kewaye - wanda ake kira " lumpectomy ". A shekara ta 1985, an gano ka'idar da aka haɗa da radiation a matsayin mai tasiri kamar yadda mutum ya yi a kan yanayin rayuwa amma ya haifar da karuwar yawancin gida.
- Radiation - A zagaye na karni na 20, likitocin farko sunyi amfani da radiation don hana karfin ciwon sukari.
- Chemotherapy - An gabatar da shi a cikin karni na 1940, chemotherapy na iya rage ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kafin a tilasta shi, ya hana sake dawowa bayan haka kuma ya bi da ciwon daji wanda ya zama wanda aka ƙaddara , wato, ya watsar da wuri na farko. Kodayake har yanzu yana samar da illa mai lalacewa, ciki har da ciwon zuciya, ciwa da ciwon hauka na kasusuwan, chemotherapy yana da ƙasa da matsananciyar wuya a yau fiye da shekarun baya.
Harkokin Kasuwanci na Pharmaceutical
Ana amfani da wadannan hanyoyin maganin magunguna daban-daban:
- Mai sauƙi na zazzabi na Estrogen (SERMs) - SERMs, irin su Nolvadex (tamoxifen) , yaki da cututtukan da ke bukatar estrogen don yayi girma ta hanyar rage yawan isrogen don shigar da kwayar cutar cancer. A cikin mata masu haɗari, aka gano tamoxifen don rage yawan koma baya da ci gaba da ciwon ciwon daji na ciki da kashi 50% lokacin da aka dauki tsawon shekaru biyar. Tamoxifen yana fuskantar hadarin ciwon daji mai cututtuka; haɗarin, duk da haka, yayi kadan. Evista (raloxifene) , irin wannan, ko da yake mafi yawan magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi, ba a same su ba saboda hadarin ciwon daji na mahaifa. Ba a ɗauka maye gurbin tamoxifen ba kawai wanda aka kebanta ga wadanda ke da ciwon daji na ciwon estrogen.
- Masu haɓaka na Aromatase - Domin mata masu matsakaicin mazaopausal, masu hana maganin aromatase - magungunan magani wanda ya haɗa da Arimidex (anastrozole) , Aromasin (exemestane) da Femara (letrozole) - aiki ta rage karuwar estrogen da aka samu ga kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji kuma an gano su zama mafi tasiri fiye da tamoxifen a cikin mata wadanda ke da matsayi na maza da mata da kuma waɗanda ke da ciwon ciwon daji na estrogen.
- Magunguna na Hormonal Target - Herceptin (trastuzumab) wani maganin da aka yi niyya ne wanda ke ɗaukar nauyin wani nau'i na ciwon daji wanda yake da yawancin nau'in HER2 / neu a jikinsa. Yana lalata kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji, amma kadan lafiya nama. Herceptin a hade tare da chemotherapy cuts recurrence na HER2 / neu-tabbatacce nono ciwon da 50%.
Yin rigakafi da gwaji
A yau, mun san cewa cin abinci mai kyau , motsa jiki na yau da kullum , kiyaye nauyi da kuma guje wa barasa zai iya taimaka wa mata su rage haɗarin cutar ciwon nono.
Ga wasu mata, zaɓin salon rayuwa bazai isa ba. A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, kimiyya ta tabbatar da cewa wasu bambancin (maye gurbin) na kwayoyin BRCA1 da BRCA2 na haifar da kashi 80 cikin haɗari ga ciwon nono. Wasu matan da suka gane cewa suna cikin haɗari suna daukar mataki mai karfi na cire ƙirarsu - wani lokaci kuma ovaries su ma - a cikin tafi don guje wa cutar.
Masana sun yarda cewa kwayoyin halitta ita ce iyakar ta gaba. Tsarin dabarun na gaba zasu iya janyo gwajin kwayoyin gwajin mutum da kuma magunguna don gyara ko maye gurbin kwayoyin cututtuka kafin ciwon nono ya faru. Duk da haka, hanzari na fadada ilimin likita zai iya barin mata jin dadi yayin da suke fama da yanke shawarar yanke shawara.
Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa ba kai kaɗai ba. Yau, masu ciwon daji na nono suna da karfi a cikin al'umma, saboda godiyar da suka haɓaka da kuma ganuwa ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru irin su Ƙungiyar Susan G. Foundation na National (ta shekara-shekara). Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyin tallafi na ciwon daji , al'ummomin kan layi, da sauran abubuwan da ke faruwa suna ba da gudummawa ga mata da aka gano da wannan cuta.
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